Course Of History Research Articles

Analysis and Research on the Turning Points in the Development of Chinese and Western Civilizations

The 17th century was a significant stage in global history, with the West ushering in the Scientific Revolution and the rise of Enlightenment thinking, and China experiencing the transformations of the Ming and Qing dynasties. These advances have had a profound impact on the development of contemporary society. However, most of the existing studies focus on a single civilization, and there are fewer comprehensive studies on the interaction between Chinese and Western civilizations. The study examines the development of civilisation in ancient China and the West (Europe) through the analysis of existing historical data on China and the West and compares the performance of civilisation in China in the 17th century with that of the West during the same period through a horizontal comparison of the historical processes of the Middle Ages, including the change of polity, the development of the economic system, and the way of education. The results show that China's level of civilisation was higher than that of the West before the 17th century, but the West's civilisation gradually surpassed China's after that. Despite the different paths and speeds of development between China and the West, the turning point in the 17th century had a profound impact on the course of world history (turning point: the 17th century, when China's civilisational development gradually lagged behind that of the West, i.e. the West's entry into a capitalist society).

Research and Reflection on the Current Situation of the Translation and Dissemination of Shaanxi Folk Culture

Folk culture is the unique customs and practices that have developed in a region over the course of history, representing the traditional culture and spiritual pursuits of that area or even the nation. It serves as the cornerstone of culture. The translation and dissemination of folk culture can enhance a country's cultural soft power. This article studies the translation and dissemination of Shaanxi folk culture in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, proposing some thoughts on how to promote and optimize the current situation of translation and dissemination.

Karl Marx’s Contribution to Social and Political Philosophy

Karl Marx, the revolutionist philosopher, interpreted history as a world view which is the dimension of social development. His dialectic effort and materialistic conception are intended to preserve the rights of social being particularly of the working people who are repeatedly being oppressed. Class struggle is the ultimate solution of distinctions among classes through which there will be no class and the existing working class will revolt against capitalist economy and, as a result, they will control means of production which will create the situation of the dictatorship of the working people. These class distinctions will be removed through the establishment of scientific communism referred by Marx. This article shows how Marx’s life and thought changed the course of history and how he influenced society to make a better place for living. I intend to show the reasons behind the worldwide acceptance of Marxism theoretically. My aim is to show how his theories and ideas are significant in socio-political aspects of philosophy. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#73-74; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2023 P 259-279

An Extended Learning Analytics Framework Integrating Machine Learning and Pedagogical Approaches for Student Performance Prediction and Intervention

AbstractThe use of educational data mining and machine learning to analyse large data sets collected by educational institutions has the potential to discover valuable insights for decision-making. One such area that has gained attention is to predict student performance by analysing large educational data sets. In the relevant literature, many studies have focused on developing prediction models on student performance but comparatively less work exists on actions taken based on predicted at-risk students and evaluating their impact. Learning Analytics Intervention (LAI) studies have emerged as an approach that aims to address this gap. In LAI studies, student risk levels are predicted and disseminated to relevant stakeholders (academics, administrators and students) using learning analytics (LA) tools for targeted interventions. The interventions themselves are mainly left under the discretion of the academics and/or administrators, who are aware of the learning context and have the authority to make decisions, with LA tools facilitating this process. LAI studies have shown success in improving outcomes (e.g. improve pass rates, retention, grades), but their uptake has been slow. The main impediment to piloting LAIs by academics has been the lack of access to LAI infrastructure, which requires institutional investments to develop predictive models collecting data from diverse IT systems. Another challenge in LAIs is the development of effective interventions. This paper presents an extended LAI framework, termed Student Performance Prediction and Action (SPPA), which provides access to LAI infrastructure for academics to pilot LAIs in their courses without the need for institution-wide efforts. SPPA and its features are seamlessly accessed via a web browser and academics can develop course-specific predictive models based on historical course assessment data. Furthermore, SPPA integrates sound pedagogical approaches and provides relevant information (such as students’ knowledge gaps, personalised study plans) to assist academics in providing effective interventions. SPPA was evaluated by a number of academics piloting LAIs in their courses. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected and analysed. Academics were able to provide effective interventions using SPPA and also had a positive outlook on using SPPA and its features. SPPA is also provided as an open-source project for further development and can be a catalyst for widescale uptake in LAIs. Furthermore, a model for continuous improvement in LAIs is outlined along with a number of areas for future research and development.

Accessibility of Finding Tuberculosis Case Actively, Separate Safely and Treat Effectively (FAST) Strategy for Early Detection of Suspected and Symptomatic Tuberculosis Patients: A Hospital Based Quantitative Study

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a contagious disease which has always been a challenge over the course of human history. It is known to spread mostly from persons with undiagnosed and suspected tuberculosis cases. Diagnosing tuberculosis in an early stage with effective treatment is one of the best ways to reduce the burden of tuberculosis. Finding cases Actively, Separate safely and Treat effectively (FAST) Strategy in Nepal, is a rapid diagnostic tool for rapid tuberculosis case detection. Aims: To access tuberculosis case Actively, Separate safely and Treat effectively (FAST) strategy for suspected and symptomatic tuberculosis patients coming to the hospital for early case detection and also to identify patient’s health care behaviour, technical barrier during surveillance. Methods: An observational quantitative study of active cough surveillance was carried at an entry point of FAST corner of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Banke from April 2023 to December 2023. Scrutinized data was obtained by purposive sampling method with sample size 128 from FAST corner. Results: Maximum cases belonged to the aged group 65 and above having lower middle to lower socioeconomic status. Most of them were from joint family with contact history of tuberculosis in 35 (27.3) % of total cases. Out of total cases, 72 (56.25) % were confirmed with tuberculosis. Among those confirmed tuberculosis cases, multi drug resistance TB was found in 6 (4.7) %. Uses of mask was found significant (P< 0.05) in our study although number of these health care behaviour were less appropriate. Pneumonia was a significant association 17 (P = 0.004) with tuberculosis patient. Insufficient volunteers, and limited Gene xpert machine were major barriers to implement FAST strategy screening in Hospital. Conclusion: FAST strategy is feasible tool in high tuberculosis burden healthcare settings in Nepal. However, the technical and behavioral factors should be managed to ensure an effective approach.

Update on Patient Self-Testing with Portable and Wearable Devices: Advantages and Limitations.

Laboratory medicine has undergone a deep and multifaceted revolution in the course of human history, in both organizational and technical terms. Over the past century, there has been a growing recognition of the need to centralize numerous diagnostic activities, often similar or identical but located in different clinical departments, into a common environment (i.e., the medical laboratory service), followed by a progressive centralization of tests from smaller laboratories into larger diagnostic facilities. Nevertheless, the numerous technological advances that emerged at the beginning of the new millennium have helped to create a new testing culture characterized by a countervailing trend of decentralization of some tests closer to patients and caregivers. The forces that have driven this (centripetal) counter-revolution essentially include a few key concepts, namely "home testing", "portable or even wearable devices" and "remote patient monitoring". By their very nature, laboratory medical services and remote patient testing/monitoring are not contradictory, but may well coexist, with the choice of one or the other depending on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patient, the type of analytical procedure and the logistics and local organization of the care system. Therefore, this article aims to provide a general overview of patient self-testing, with a particular focus on portable and wearable (including implantable) devices.

How to engineer a habitable planet: the rise of marine ecosystem engineers through the Phanerozoic

AbstractEcosystem engineers are organisms that modify their physical habitats in a way that alters resource availability and the structure of the communities they live in. The evolution of ecosystem engineers over the course of Earth history has thus been suggested to have been a driver of macroevolutionary and macroecological changes that are observed in the fossil record. However, the rise to dominance of ecosystem engineers has not been thoroughly reconstructed. Here, we investigate the history of bioturbation and reef‐building (two of the most important marine ecosystem engineering behaviours today) over the Phanerozoic. Using fossil occurrences from the Paleobiology Database, we reconstruct how common communities influenced by ecosystem engineers were in the oceans, how dominant ecosystem engineers were within their own communities, and the taxonomic and ecological composition of bioturbators and reef‐builders. We find that bioturbation has become an increasingly common ecosystem engineering behaviour over the Phanerozoic, while reef‐building ecosystem engineers have not become more dominant since their Devonian apex. We also identify unique bioturbation and reef‐building regimes that are characterized by different ecosystem engineering taxonomic groups, ecological modes, and dominance, suggesting that the nature of ecosystem engineering has at times rapidly shifted over the course of the Phanerozoic. These reconstructions will serve as important data for understanding how ecosystem engineers have driven changes in biodiversity and ecosystem structure over the course of Earth history.

Wisconsin for Kennedy: The Primary that Launched a President and Changed the Course of History by B. J. Hollars (review)

Wisconsin for Kennedy: The Primary that Launched a President and Changed the Course of History by B. J. Hollars (review)

A tutorial on the physics of light and image shading.

This paper provides an overview of the many different ways that light interacts with surfaces in the natural environment to provide useful information for visual perception. It begins with a discussion of how the concept of light has evolved over the course of human history. It then considers a wide variety of optical phenomena including Lambert's laws of illumination, the effects of microscopic surface structure on patterns of reflection, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function, the refraction of transmitted light, chromatic dispersion, thin film interference, sub-surface scattering, the Fresnel effects, indirect illumination from multiple reflections, caustics, and the structure of the light field. The primary goal of this discussion is to provide the necessary background information to help students and young researchers more easily understand the scientific literature on the perception of 3D shape and material properties from patterns of image shading.

Cartographies of warfare in the Indian subcontinent: Contextualizing archaeological and historical analysis through big data approaches

Some of the most notable human behavioral palimpsests result from warfare and its durable traces in the form of defensive architecture and strategic infrastructure. For premodern periods, this architecture is often understudied at the large scale, resulting in a lack of appreciation for the enormity of the costs and impacts of military spending over the course of human history. In this article, we compare the information gleaned from the study of the fortified cities of the Early Historic period of the Indian subcontinent (c. 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE) with the precolonial medieval era (9-17th centuries CE). Utilizing in-depth archaeological and historical studies along with local sightings and citizen-science blogs to create a comprehensive data set and map series in a “big-data” approach that makes use of heterogeneous data sets and presence-absence criteria, we discuss how the architecture of warfare shifted from an emphasis on urban defense in the Early Historic period to an emphasis on territorial offense and defense in the medieval period. Many medieval fortifications are known from only local reports and have minimal identifying information but can still be studied in the aggregate using a least-shared denominator approach to quantification and mapping.

Research on the "Blended Learning" Teaching Model Based on the Integration of Red Resources into the Course of New China's History

Research on the "Blended Learning" Teaching Model Based on the Integration of Red Resources into the Course of New China's History

Developing on Academic Achievement in Chinese Modern History Course Using Integrated Learning Activities for First-Year College Students

Developing on Academic Achievement in Chinese Modern History Course Using Integrated Learning Activities for First-Year College Students

Ideological and Political Teaching Mode of Modern Chinese History Course in Colleges and Universities Based on the Internet Perspective

Ideological and Political Teaching Mode of Modern Chinese History Course in Colleges and Universities Based on the Internet Perspective

Changing Identity in Chinese Fashion: Self-Choice and Preference During Late Qing Dynasty and Republican China

Fashion is now seen as a form of identity associated with everyday life in human society. However, it did not originate as a term with this definition. Instead the concept has been polished through the course of history. The transition from clothing as political tool, to fashion as identity, in the Chinese context did not happen overnight. This study unpacks the complex transition that not only unfolded through vital periods and various iconic events in China, but also involved and impacted upon individuals in their daily lives. Drawing on historical records in clothing/costume museums in Beijing and Shanghai, the study investigates the shift from premodern clothing toward an understanding of modern Chinese identity and clothing. In particular, the article focuses on the multiple interpretations of hybrid dress in Shanghai during the transitional period from late Qing to Republican China. The research finds that the evolving of identity of fashion was embedded in the changing identity of wearers as well as other participants in the fashion chain, which are interlocked and mutually reinforced each other in this socio-political cultural environment.

Evaluating the student performance prediction and action framework through a learning analytics intervention study

AbstractLearning analytics intervention (LAI) studies aim to identify at-risk students early during an academic term using predictive models and facilitate educators to provide effective interventions to improve educational outcomes. A major impediment to the uptake of LAI is the lack of access to LAI infrastructure by educators to pilot LAI, which typically requires substantial institution-wide efforts and investment to collect related data sets and develop accurate predictive models that identify at-risk students and also provide tools to facilitate interventions. This paper presents a novel LAI framework, termed Student Performance Prediction and Action (SPPA), that facilitates educators to seamlessly provide LAIs in their courses avoiding the need for large-scale institution-wide efforts and investments. Educators develop course-specific predictive models using historical course assessment data. In learning analytics, providing effective interventions is a challenge. SPPA utilises pedagogy principles in course design and interventions to facilitate effective interventions by providing insights into students’ risk levels, gaps in students’ knowledge, and personalised study/revision plans addressing knowledge gaps. SPPA was evaluated in a large undergraduate course on its ability to predict at-risk students and facilitate effective interventions as well as its ease of use by academics. The results are encouraging with high performance of predictive models, facilitating effective interventions leading to significant improved educational outcomes with positive feedback and uptake by academics. With its advantages, SPPA has the potential to catalyse and influence wide-scale adoption in LAIs.

The Impact of Combined Application of Donepezil and Nimodipine on Patients with Comorbid Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Cognitive Dysfunction: Efficacy and Influence on Nutritional Status.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) often coexists with cognitive dysfunction in patients, leading to significant challenges in treatment and management. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of combined application of donepezil and nimodipine on patients with comorbid CSVD and cognitive dysfunction and the effects on patients' albumin and prealbumin levels. The records of 112 patients with comorbid CSVD and cognitive dysfunction treated at the People's Hospital of Suzhou New District from January 2019 to December 2022 were analysed retrospectively. A total of 50 patients receiving donepezil were allocated to the control group, and 62 patients receiving both nimodipine and donepezil to the study group. Outcomes compared between the two groups included serum homocysteine (Hcy), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), albumin, and prealbumin before and after therapy, efficacy, and adverse reactions. Additionally, logistic regression was performed to analyze the risk factors impacting patient prognosis. Prior to therapy, the two groups did not differ significantly in Hcy and hs-CRP levels (p > 0.05), whereas after therapy, the levels in both groups dropped significantly (p < 0.01), with more obvious lower levels in the study group (p < 0.05). After treatment, the study group presented significantly higher albumin and prealbumin levels than the control group (p < 0.001). An obvious higher overall response rate was observed in the study group compared to the control group (p = 0.012). No significant inter-group discrepancy was found regarding the total incidence of adverse reactions (p = 0.752). Univariate analysis identified age, course of disease, heart rate (HR), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), drinking history, as well as medication regimen as risk factors impacting patient prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SBP, DBP, and medication regimen as the independent risk factors. Combined application of donepezil and nimodipine can effectively treat patients with comorbid CSVD and cognitive dysfunction. It can significantly lower the Hcy and hs-CRP levels and improve the nutritional status without increasing the frequency of adverse reactions. In addition, for CSVD patients with cognitive dysfunction, age, course of disease, MoCA score, HR, SBP, DBP, drinking history, and medication regimen are risk factors impacting patient prognosis, while SBP, DBP, and medication regimen are independent risk factors.

A la cacería de Eclipses solares

Throughout the course of history, solar eclipses have had a scientific and cultural impact in human society. On Oc-tober 14th 2023 and April 8th 2024 two solar eclipses were visible from México and the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco documented both. Through this experience, we invite the community to ponder on the relevance these events have together with their corresponding utility and the way in which the interested reader can become an eclipse hunter

Innovations in Treatment of Femoral Fractures Throughout History

Treatment for femoral shaft fractures throughout history was a particularly challenging problem with poor outcomes until recent times. Injury to the femur bone prior to reliable methods of stabilization and fixation meant nearly certain death or profound disability for the rest of the patient’s days. Physicians and surgeons over time devised various mechanisms for splinting, stabilizing and providing traction for nonoperative treatment. Eventually, surgical treatment became a safe and reliable method for addressing these injuries. Advancements in treatment for femur fractures was tackled by some of the great physicians throughout history, including Hippocrates and Galen. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the major milestones in care for femur fractures throughout the course of human history.

Analysis of Japanese Cultural Patterns

Japan is a close neighbor of China. Since ancient times, China and Japan have had close cultural exchanges. The splendid Chinese culture has played an extremely important role in the course of Japanese history and the development of Japanese culture. The discussion of Japanese culture can enhance the understanding between the two peoples, and can also achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication through the study of Japanese culture. Hosftede's cultural dimension theory and Minkov's cultural dimension theory used in this paper provide a strong theoretical basis and support for cultural analysis and interpretation in the context of the rapid development of globalization and cross-cultural communication. This paper makes a deep analysis of Japanese culture through seven cultural dimensions, from which it can be seen that Japan is a country with a relatively large power gap, a tendency to collectivism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. At the same time, Japanese culture is a laissez-faire culture with strong flexibility and a tendency to universalism.

Russian historical themes in computer games. Action RPG "Time of Troubles"

There is an interest in historical themes on the Russian computer games market. Particular attention should be paid to the growing popularity of games based on Slavic mythology, folklore, and alternative history. The developers — mostly domestic companies from all over Russia — off er to immerse yourselves in the Slavic epic, change the course of history, and simply become witnesses and participants in historical events. A computer game can be considered as an educational material allowing to learn in a game form about a diffi cult period of Russian history — the Time of Troubles of the early 17th century, marked by external intervention, cases of imposture, civil Russian-Polish and Russian-Swedish wars, and state crises. The game is an example of a novel educational methodology that combines the processes of teaching and education.