History Of Civilization Research Articles

Structural Analysis of the Novel Dima'un fi Qasr al-Chamra by Ehab Farouk Hosny: Important Cultural Stories in the History of Islamic Civilization in Spain

This research aims to conduct a structural analysis of the novel Dima'un Fi Qasr al-Chamra by Ehab Farouk Hosny. This novel raises an important cultural story in the history of Islamic civilization in Spain. It tells the story of a beautiful woman from Egypt, named Sarah, an archaeologist who researches Islamic heritage buildings both in her own country and in other countries. It tells the history of Andalusia, now Spain, starting from discovering a map buried in one of the rooms in Sultan Hasan's mosque in Cairo. The map was a secret document of the Alhambra belonging to the great scientist Al Zahrawi (Albucasis), containing a chemical composition to treat cancer. This paper has two main objectives: the practical and theoretical objectives. The realistic goal is to reveal the intrinsic and coherent elements and the interrelationship between one part and another. Meanwhile, the academic goal is to discover a secret document belonging to el-Zahrawi, a scientist, containing a cancer drug's composition. To remind readers that the discovery of personal papers, in any case, should not be announced in public because it can be dangerous and will cause various problems in obtaining certain benefits and goals. The theory used is a structural theory, which focuses on literary works viewed as a unified and integrated structure. The technical method is the structural method, which works structurally by revealing and describing the intrinsic elements in "Dima'un Fi Qashril-Chamra" by Ehab Farouk Hosny and connecting the mutual relationships between the parts. This technique uses formalism representing literary works such as character, plot, motif, theme, and language. The method used in this research is library research. Library study is a technique of collecting data and information by examining written sources such as scientific journals, reference books, literature, etc., related to this discussion. Based on its nature, this research is classified as qualitative research using descriptive analysis techniques.

Civic skill-acts, group identity, and intentions to engage in protest actions among university students in Hong Kong

AbstractThis study examined the mediating role of civic skill-acts and direct associations of group identity on intentions to engage in peaceful or radical protest actions (i.e., activism or radicalism intentions respectively). A sample of 526 university students in Hong Kong was surveyed. The findings suggested that political identity complementarily mediated the relationship between joining political activities and radicalism intentions. Religious identity and ethnic/racial identity each have an indirect-only mediation to activism as well as radicalism intentions when mediated by community activities and responding activities respectively. Finally, political identity and economic identity each have direct-only mediations to activism intentions respectively. These results suggest that although group identity and civic skill-acts uniquely contribute to protest intentions, the inter-relationship is complicated by the type of group identity, civic skill-act, and protest activity studied. Recommendations for future studies are discussed in light of the findings.

Islam dan Budaya Politik Melayu

This paper aims to examine the relationship between Islam and the Malay world which has been widely studied by experts and researchers. A special description of the contestation between Islam and Malay political culture as a form of open-minded society, to be able to see how Islamic and Malay political culture is in a simple way. This research departs from the questions: first, how is Islam in Malay history?; second, how is the dynamics of Islam and Malay political culture. In this paper, qualitative methods are used to clearly examine Islamic and Malay political culture. This paper also aims to show that Islam has an integral role in the history of civilization of the Malay world, besides that Islam also has strong credibility in relation to politics from various perspectives, not only from a religious point of view, but also from a scientific point of view. viewpoint. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to look at how to find literature data and interpret the data contained in reference sources and various supporting sources about the contribution of Islamic thought in the Malay world.

Putting Russia's Ban in Historical Perspective: A Curated Interview

Putting Russia's Ban in Historical Perspective: A Curated Interview

HYPERBOLE IN CLASSICAL CHINESE POETRY AND ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Classical Chinese poetry is a microcosm of the history of Chinese civilization, and plays a vital role in the process of communication and mutual learning between Chinese and Western poetics, historiography and civilization. Hyperbole is a rhetorical device with rich expressive power. In the process of poetry creation, poets often use the technique of numeral hyperbole to describe events, portray scenery, express emotions and aspirations, and achieve superb artistic effects. This paper expounds the artistic value of hyperbole in classical Chinese poetry, and summarizes three translation strategies of numeral hyperbole in the translation of classical poetry on the basis of corpus and literature analysis.

The Triangle, Numeral 3, and the Trinity

Abstract In history of human civilisation, throughout the world, the power of a triangle, numeral 3 or the trinity is widely visible. These concepts have been used inter-changeably in different fields of science, philosophy, and religion. The presence of these concepts in socio-economic sphere can also be proved. Following is an analysis of these concepts in mentioned fields.

The Matter With Things: Our Brains, Our Delusions, and the Unmaking of the World

The Matter With Things: Our Brains, Our Delusions, and the Unmaking of the World

Hollanda'da Göçmenler ve Vatandaşlık Eğitimi

The Netherlands is a significant example of citizenship education for other countries because of its distinctive citizenship politics based on immigration, and sexuality politics. This critical review focuses citizenship education curriculum in the Netherlands and highlights an understanding of how politically constructed educational objectives might endanger or support social cohesion and the integration of immigrants. This review, which is based on relevant literature, concentrates on secondary-level citizenship education because that level places the most emphasis on teaching civic principles based on citizenship policies, which have an emphasis on sexuality politics, Dutch nationality, and the assimilation of non-Western immigrants into Dutch society. The critical review of the current practices shows that there are two reasons for the failure to teach civic values to immigrant children and to create a harmonious relationship between locals and immigrants: 1) There is an inadequate explanation of how sexuality politics is connected to Dutch nationality in the school curriculum. 2) The political structure does not acknowledge that immigrant youth have a positive perception of understanding that sexuality politics is a component of Dutch nationality because of their political interests. Given the arguments, this discussion suggests that citizenship education curricula should give enough coverage to terms and concepts that are used to teach civic values and should have boundaries between politics and civic values to support the inclusion of immigrant communities.

History of Animal Keeping in Ancient India and it’s Socio-Economic, Scientific Applicability in 21st Century

The human race is a member of the Mammalian class and the Primate Order. So, a human is also an animal. But what differs from other animal species is human wisdom. It is only humans who can domesticate other animals and use them to fulfill different needs. In hunting/gathering hominid societies, animals were rich sources of meat, skin, and bone. But the artistic and curious human mind kept records of his relationship with the animal world through rock paintings from the Upper Paleolithic era. From different centres of human habitats throughout the Indian Sub-Continent, a huge amount of animal remains have been discovered by Archeologists. Apart from kitchen waste which highlights the on-veg food habit of nomadic people, terracotta animal figurines, day-to-day bone tools, ivory and shell ornaments, artifacts etc., pointed out the importance and use of domesticated animals in human life. Animal domestication and husbandry became synonymous with Indian Proto-Historic and Historic civilizations not only economically / militarily but also with religious and cultural traditions. Sheep and goats were first domesticated by South Indian Neolithic men around 2 thousand and five hundred B.C. as sources of milk, wool, meat, leather and other commodities. Today’s Indian domestic fowl originated from red jungle fowl. Seals of Indus civilization were decorated with humped and hump-less bulls, goats, sheep, elephants, and fowl. Vedic Aryans husbanded horses, dogs, sheep, goats, fowl, elephants, cow-bull etc. During the Mauryan era, buffalo was included in the category of dairy cattle. Domestication of animals is not a new thing in human history. The novelty lies in Indian people’s attention and urge for the wellbeing of domesticated animals. Ancient Indian literature like Vedas, CharakSamhita, SushrutSamhita, HaritaSamhita, Agni Purana, Mastya Purana, Artha-Shastra etc. Provide proper guidance on orientation, construction, and purification of animal houses, besides veterinary Ayurvedic and surgical treatment of numerous diseases. In Vedic literature, Cow was considered as the measuring unit of wealth. Cow received the status of “Aghnya” [Not to be killed]. Priests were the first veterinarians of ancient India. Prominent among them were Shalihotra [Earliest expert in Horse medicine and author of “Haya Ayurveda”], Palakapya [Author of “Hasty- Ayurveda”] etc. 6th Century B.C. Indian rulers of Sravasti, Kousambi, and Lichabi kingdoms issued humped bull/cow inscribed coins. During the Indian invasion of Alexander the Great [326 B.C.], a Prince from Punjab presented Cock with engraved silver coins as a form of tribute. Arthashastra mentioned the King’s duty of ensuring enough pasture land near every village. Gopa was accountable for keeping a record of this land. Horses and Elephants were the two main war animals of the Mauryan army. Proper care was given to them. Hurting/killing of any of these species resulted in the death penalty. The third Mauryan Monarch, Asoka, after his conversion to Buddhism, established veterinary hospitals throughout his domain. Ancient Indians were aware of the technique of animal husbandry as well. In short ancient Indian Veterinary Ayurvedic and surgical treatments are effective in curing dysentery, cough, wound, infertility, and different infections besides psychological stress still in the Twenty-First Century. Besides terrestrial animals’ ancient Indian people were aware of the existence of fish, shells, and turtles. It is my aim in this essay to analyze customs, technologies and history of the domestication of animals by ancient Indian people and its socio-economic-scientific applicability in the scenario of the Twenty-First Century. I will utilize both primary and secondary sources to endure this goal.

Plurality Awareness In Surakarta-Indonesia: Conflict of Map, Awareness of Elite, and Future Challenges

The purpose of the study is to describe pluralism in society and active efforts or positive interactions in the pluralistic environment to create harmony, tolerance, and mutual respect. This research employs qualitative analysis and descriptive analysis as its technique for analyzing the data. The researcher uses his logic when discussing this research, in which the researcher is an instrument of the research. The validity of the result of this research is carried out by data triangulation analysis. The process of validating the result is also carried out with a focus group discussion which involves seven expert lecturers in the history of civilization. In practice, recognition can be made verbally, in documents, and in behavior (attitude). Active efforts or positive interactions can be in the form of mutual cooperation activities, willingness to get along, helping each other, visiting each other, gathering in a forum to solve a problem, or other activities. In principle, conflicts that have occurred in Surakarta can be identified and triggered by several factors: ethnics factors; political factors (macro politics, national and micropolitics, regional; economic factors (the dominant factor); the factor of social segregation, which consists of social segregation based on ethnic trading area, social segregation based on religious territory, and cultural segregation between the Kasunanan and Mangkunegaran communities having different characteristics.

Women with disabilities, and communities of care in wartime Ukraine: Conversations with disability and women's rights activists about feminist and disability solidarities

Women with disabilities (WWD) in Ukraine are at the forefront of efforts to support civilian populations at risk during Russia's full-scale invasion. This article takes a first-hand perspective to document women's disability justice activism in Ukraine, feminist and disability solidarities across regional and national borders, and the important roles Ukrainian women play in creating and sustaining communities of care. The article contributes to scholarship on disability inclusive disaster response, the gendered nature of care, and intersectional approaches to disability advocacy. We ask how a pointedly feminist, intersectional disaster response by disabled social activists is opening spaces for enhanced disability justice and women's empowerment in a post-war Ukraine, with potential to build back “otherwise.” We argue that WWD's expertise provides pathways for expanding agendas of civic groups to be more inclusive of gender, ability, LGBTIQ+ status, and others, and to move from a charity framework to a feminist, justice-based approach.

International risk of food insecurity and mass mortality in a runaway global warming scenario

Climate and agriculture have played an interconnected role in the rise and fall of historical civilizations. Our modern food system, based on open-environment production and globalised supply chains, is vulnerable to a litany of abiotic and biotic stressors exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change. Despite this evidence, greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise. Current trajectories suggest global warming of ∼2.0–4.9 °C by 2100, however, a worst-case emissions scenario with rapid combustion of all available fossil fuels could cause a rise of ∼12 °C. Even if emissions decline, unprecedented atmospheric CO2-e concentrations risk triggering tipping points in climate system feedbacks that may see global warming exceed 8 °C. Yet, such speculative ‘runaway global warming’ has received minimal attention compared to mainstream low- to mid-range scenarios. This study builds on The Limits to Growth to provide new insights into the international risk of mass mortality due to food insecurity based on a higher-resolution illustration of World3’s ‘runaway global warming’ scenario (∼8–12 °C+). Our simulation indicates rapid decline in food production and unequal distribution of ∼6 billion deaths due to starvation by 2100. We highlight the importance of including high-resolution simulations of high-range global warming in climate change impact modelling to make well-informed decisions about climate change mitigation, resilience and adaptation.

ADAPTIVE REUSE GUIDELINES ON WARENHUIS MEDANANDURBAN HERITAGE ENVIRONMENT

Heritage buildings indicate the rich history of Indonesian civilization by its relation to history, culture, politics, and economics. Warenhuis as a class A heritage building within Medan’s historic district, play an important role in trading commodity. It possesses immense historical and cultural significancedespite being poorly maintained and neglected. The building suffered serious damage due to a fire outbreakand has not been revitalized. Furthermore, the adaptive reuse approach provides development guidelines that preserve and optimize the historic building’s tangible and intangible qualities. Urban regeneration guidelinesfor the surrounding heritage environment also need to be maintained to maintain the spatial qualityof Warenhuis Medan. Adaptive reuse is implemented in the revitalization of historical architecture andtheregeneration of Medan’s Warenhuis environment. This qualitative study uses case studies research methodtoproduce revitalization guidelines on Medan’s Warenhuis and development guidelines on its historical urbanspaces. Theoretical foundations, such as building adaptation theory, heritage regulations, and tradingcityconcept are used to dissect case studies. Battersea Arts Centre and Beloit College Powerhouse. Objectives of this research are to formulate and to implement adaptive reuse concept in the revitalization of Warehuisarchitecture and the development of its historic environment. Theoretical reference in this study includesbuilding adaptation theory and heritage law that are used to analyse case studies Battersea Arts Centre andBeloit College Powerhouse. The objectives are to formulate and to adapt adaptive reuse in revitalizeWarenhuis and its surrounding environment. The objectives were achieved by identifying Warenhuis’ urbancontext and heritage characteristics based on four factors in adaptation building: legal & economy, culture&social, and built environment. Research findings generates 7 points of heritage revitalization guidelines onWarenhuis and 12 points of guidelines in its urban regeneration.
 Keywords : adaptive reuse, building adaptation, heritage, Medan’s Warenhuis

Partition and Train to Pakistan

The independence of India and Pakistan paved the way for the biggest migration history of human civilizations. It carried with itself the bloody legacy of partition which made thousands of people homeless and ruined their destinations. The marked the communal violence and thereafter gave way to numbers of riots in India where, in the name of religion people became assassinators of each other. The harmony of fraternity that the country was preserving was kept at a stake and humanity got murdered. Khuswant Singh’s novel “Train to Pakistan” gives the glimpses of the horror keeping the partition scenes at the backdrop. It is a multilayered novel, depicting religious perspectives, violence, communal hatred, corruption and women’s position. It has a sense of post-colonialism anxiety and through the characters Singh has also mapped out the sense of subalternity that the Indian felt. From the feminist approach it deals with the condition of women and how their body became the matter of subjugation under patriarchal domination. It also deals with the psychological perspective of the colonized class as a victim of “false ideology”. Being a realistic piece of work, the issues that Singh dealt with are still in practice. Though the Constitution of India promotes equality, certain still the riots that India faced bears the example of the genocide and legacy of partition. Keeping with all these, Singh has tried to paint the true spirit of religion and love through some of the characters and holds high the concept of brotherhood and humanity as Jugga, helps to pass the train to Pakistan.

Engaging Citizens in Effective Collective Action: How and Why?

Empowering civic groups may lead to better outcomes than a centralized decision-making in a society where the social power is concentrated in the hands of a few. But effective collective action is almost always conditioned by the collaboration with functional state institutions which are forced to cede a certain amount of authority, power and finance in favour of communities they no longer totally control. The question emerges: how can we understand and nurture citizen engagement projects for successful public services in a current political society? The present paper explores the public participation typology with the final scope of developing a new citizen engagement model.

External Publicity of Sanxingdui Culture in the 5G Era

Sanxingdui, the symbol of ancient Shu civilization, has been known to the world since the end of 1920s, which has gone through nearly 100 years of archaeological exploration and excavation. Its discovery completed the historical blank of Bashu urban civilization?about 770BC—316BC? as well as displayed the unique artistic world and cultural psychology of ancient Bashu people. Based on the magnificent history and remarkable depth of Chinese civilization, Sanxingdui culture has initiated the journey of cultural publicity since the 1990s. With the development of science and technology, arrival of the 5G era and new media, the publicity of Sanxingdui culture further reached the world. This paper briefly organizes the course and present situation of Sanxingdui culture’s publicity toward the world, and analyzes the boosting forces of Sanxingdui culture’s external publicity in the new era. Sanxingdui’s cultural publicity will be based on cultural IP, striving to comply with the communication characteristics and laws of the 5G era, and enriching the information service forms, so as to better promote its culture to the world.

Geographies of COVID‐19

Geographies of COVID‐19

Tracing the “Chinese Dream” from the Perspective of Social Culture

The “Chinese Dream” has existed as a combination of Chinese characters for more than 700 years, however its connotation varies in different social development stages. At the beginning of the 20th century, Chinese intellectuals began to look for the “Chinese Dream”. In the 1980s, the cultural community regained the “Chinese Dream”. After entering the new century, all sectors of society deeply discussed the “Chinese Dream”. The development and evolution of the concept of this phrase actually reflected the vicissitudes of Chinese society in the past century. The “Chinese Dream” we are talking about today is closely linked with the limiting phrase “realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation”, proposed by the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping in 2012. The “Chinese Dream” is no longer a common word combination in modern Chinese, but a core concept of the ideological system of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, which has been given a new and profound meaning. The “Chinese Dream” has become a cultural symbol, which will be integrated into the development history of Chinese civilization and coexist with the ever-growing Chinese culture.

Beyond Transactional Democracy: A Study of Civic Tech in Canada

Technologies are increasingly enrolled in projects to involve civilians in the work of policy-making, often under the label of 'civic technology'. But conventional forms of participation through transactions such as voting provide limited opportunities for engagement. In response, some civic tech groups organize around issues of shared concern to explore new forms of democratic technologies. How does their work affect the relationship between publics and public servants? This paper explores how a Civic Tech Toronto creates a platform for civic engagement through the maintenance of an autonomous community for civic engagement and participation that is casual, social, nonpartisan, experimental, and flexible. Based on two years of action research, including community organizing, interviews, and observations, this paper shows how this grassroots civic tech group creates a civic platform that places a diverse range of participants in contact with the work of public servants, helping to build capacities and relationships that prepare both publics and public servants for the work of participatory democracy. The case shows that understanding civic tech requires a lens beyond the mere analysis or production of technical artifacts. As a practice for making technologies that is social and participatory, civic tech creates alternative modes of technology development and opportunities for experimentation and learning, and it can reconfigure the roles of democratic participants.

Coproducing Support Together: Sustainable and Reciprocal Civic Disaster Relief during COVID-19

COVID-19 changed society in terms of employment, food security, and mental health, affecting all segments of the population. Surging demands for a wide range of support could not be met solely by government-led disaster assistance that experienced breakdowns in the initial phase of the pandemic. The nature of the pandemic as a global, long-haul disaster necessitated sustained, diverse, and extensive civic disaster relief to complement government response. In this paper, we explore how civic disaster relief groups carry out online and offline coordination activities to engage different actors and their positive effects on individuals and local communities, drawing on interviews with civic disaster relief organizers and volunteers in the United States. We interpret our findings with the lens of coproduction that can increase the sustainability, diversity, and extent of civic relief efforts. We then suggest design implications for coproducing disaster relief and discuss the importance and benefits of involving stakeholders who are less likely to be engaged in producing relief.