History Of Civilization Research Articles

FDS-Based Study of the Fire Performance of Huizhou Fire Seal Walls in Traditional Residential Buildings in Southern China

In the history of human civilization, traditional villages and buildings have been significantly threatened by fire. As an essential part of Huizhou traditional architecture, fire seal walls play a crucial role in preserving Huizhou architecture by effectively blocking the spread of fire. However, with economic and social development, the Huizhou fire seal wall’s original fire prevention function has been unable to meet the needs of modern fire protection. This study aims to explore the fire performance of different types of Huizhou fire seal walls to provide a reference guide for future fire protection, optimization, and transformation of traditional buildings. In this paper, 3D models of traditional buildings with fire seal walls were built with FDS, and the performance of the different kinds of fire seal walls was simulated under the influence of wind speeds, building spacing, and the height of the vertical ridge of the fire seal wall. The results showed that, under the same conditions, a fire seal wall with a single eave is superior to fire seal walls with quintuple eaves in terms of performance, and fire seal walls with quintuple eaves are superior to fire seal walls with triple eaves in the middle and late stages of a fire. In addition, wind speeds, building spacing, and the height of the vertical ridge have different effects on the fire performance of seal walls. Lower wind speeds can reduce the fire performance of fire seal walls, and no wind and higher wind speeds have no significant effect on the fire performance of fire seal walls, while increasing the height of the vertical ridge and fire spacings appropriately can improve the fire performance of fire seal walls. This study provides a reference guide for future fire protection, optimization, and transformation of Huizhou fire seal walls, which can help improve the fire safety of traditional buildings.

Universal Solution of Medieval Spherical Astronomy

Spherical astronomy is a part of astronomy that figures of the sky as a sphere. It concerns the study of astronomical coordinate frames, the direction and apparent motion of celestial bodies, the determination of positions from astronomical observations, and the errors that can occur in observations. Spherical astronomy makes it easier for humans to determine the direction and position of celestial bodies relative to observers on Earth. In the history of human civilization, spherical astronomy has been the solution to determining the time of worship for medieval Muslims. Especially during the glory days of the Mamluks, Egypt and Syria. This article was written based on literature research with qualitative method as an approach. Then the collecting data was carried out by the documentation method on various notes, books, transcripts and images could be found. Then the data was analyzed descriptively. The results of this research show that Egyptian and Syrian astronomers during Mamluk reign (between the 13th-15th centuries) made a major contribution to the progress and development of science, especially in astronomy. Both the preparation of astronomical tables and various astronomical tools or instruments they designed.

‘Shade trees for the next generation’: constructing the promissory publics of prospective cohort studies

ABSTRACT Epidemiological cohort studies are a central research design in public health which appeal to, and can reinforce, specific ideas of the nation, sociality and the ‘good’ citizen. The concept of publics, the sociology of expectations and a co-productionist framework provide the theoretical frame to investigate how popular representations of two cohort studies, German National Cohort and UK Biobank, attempt to enrol a concerned public. By constructing promissory publics, cohort studies produce morally charged visions of health research and civic engagement as normative social practices. Promissory publics straddle the population and the citizen, the nation and the region, the future and the past, thus adding nuance to existing conceptual approaches. The publics of cohort studies are bolstered by the care practices of predominantly female staff, functioning as a performance of social recognition in lieu of an immediate beneficiary of research participation. Through these processes, popular representations of cohort studies intervene into much broacher visions of society and its anticipated futures, co-producing socially dominant and morally charged projections of sociality as well as health. The production of such publics thereby draws boundaries between members of the public and those practices enacted as endangering civic values. As such, cohort studies may have much broader socio-cultural ramifications that could reinforce old or reintroduce new lines of inclusion or exclusion.

Implementation of Civic Values through Flag Ceremony for the Character Development of Love for the Country

This study was done in light of how important it is for students to have a sense of pride in their country, which is starting to wane. Flag ceremonies are one approach to strengthen this aspect of the discipline.The purpose of this study is to ascertain how SD Negeri Karangasem 02 students' participation in the flag ceremony shaped their sense of patriotism. This study takes a qualitative approach and does descriptive research. According to the findings of a study on how the SD Negeri Karangasem 02 flag ceremony shaped people's attitudes about their country, it is still classified as very common or good in terms of these parameters.The building of a love of country through the flag ceremony, namely by constantly reminding, leading, and explaining the significance of the flag ceremony to pupils in order to instill in them a love of country.

The origin of nautical cartography: certitudes, doubts, and perplexities

ABSTRACT European geographical maps and nautical charts have distinct geneses and underwent separate evolutions. When scientific cartography was reborn in the beginning of the fifteenth century, following the translation and dissemination of Ptolemy’s Geography, the portolan chart had already been established as an effective navigational tool for over one hundred years. And while new geographical maps started to be constructed by the erudite, using the coordinates and prescriptions given by Ptolemy some thirteen centuries before, charts continued to be made by artisans, on the basis of navigational data collected by pilots. Despite being a unique achievement in the history of cartography, if not in the history of civilization, the creation of the medieval portolan chart was still poorly understood at the turn of the twentieth century. With the introduction of new research tools and a deeper study of the extant sources, we have now reached a situation where the initial state of perplexity concerning the very emergence of the portolan charts has given way to a broad consensus about some central questions. The purpose of this article is to appraise the present state of knowledge regarding the so-called ‘origins problem’.

The historical significance of the formation of Buddhist schools during the Sui and Tang Dynasties

ABSTRACT The formation of Buddhist schools during the Sui and Tang Dynasties is the most significant achievement in the Sinification of Buddhism and holds profound significance in the history of civilization. This article takes ‘Fulfilling the Threefold Training’ as the core of the sectarian concept and explores the Sui and Tang Dynasty Buddhist schools within the three major dimensions of truth, sanctity and daily life. It discusses various elements such as the Division of the Buddha’s teaching, Dependent Arising, meditative contemplation, patriarchal tradition and monastic discipline. The formation of Buddhist schools was based on a methodology of inheritance, interpretation and innovation, representing a civilization exchange of ‘difference and unity.’ Simultaneously, the formation of these schools signifies the central role of Mahāyāna Buddhism in China, contrasting with the peripheral position of Mahāyāna Buddhism in India, presenting a mutual civilizational learning of ‘periphery and center.’

Civic Values of Students – Future Journalists

Civic Values of Students – Future Journalists

Peran Guru Bidang Seni Dan Budaya Dalam Membentuk Nilai-nilai Pancasila

This research investigates the central role that arts and culture teachers play in shaping students' Pancasila values. Focusing on character education, this research involves a qualitative approach using literature analysis and case studies as data collection methods. Art teachers, in this context, are considered as key agents who shape students' characters through various forms of art and culture. The literature analysis highlights the importance of art as an effective medium for transmitting moral and ethical values reflected in Pancasila. Art teachers have the responsibility to teach values such as gotong royong, justice, unity and tolerance through various art expressions. Case studies were conducted in several schools that implemented art education programs focusing on Pancasila values. The results show that this approach successfully creates a deep and meaningful learning environment. Art teachers act as facilitators who guide students in understanding Pancasila values through their own artworks. The practical approach used by art teachers involves the use of various techniques, such as collaborative art projects, reflective discussions and art exhibitions. Art teachers serve as role models, creating connections between the values taught and students' daily practices. This research contributes to our understanding of the role of art and culture teachers in shaping Pancasila values in students. The findings can be the basis for more in-depth education policy development, emphasizing the importance of including arts and culture in character education to produce a generation that is not only academically smart, but rooted in moral and civic values.

Civic education and conflict resolutions: A case of selected secondary schools in Kitwe district of Copperbelt Province, Zambia

“Civic Education” means all the processes that affect people’s beliefs, commitments, capabilities, and actions as members or prospective members of communities. The study was guided by conceptual framework emanating from three strands of Civic Education which are; Civic knowledge, Civic Skills and Civic Values. Related literature on conflict management styles as well as concept and goals of Civic Education were consulted. The study demonstrated the importance of teaching Civic Education as a tool for conflict resolution in the community through the provision of knowledge on: human rights, imparting of civic skills for effective participation, for conflict resolution and for effective leadership. Hence, the study was conducted to ascertain how Civic Education can be used in conflict resolutions especially at community level in selected secondary schools in Kitwe district of Copperbelt province in Zambia. The study involved both the qualitative and quantitative methods and a descriptive research design that sampled the head teachers, teachers of civic education, pupils of civic education and selected members of the community. Data was obtained from the respondents by means of interviews and questionnaires. Frequency tables, graphs, figures and pie-charts were used to analyze the qualitative data whereas quantitative data were analyzed by the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26) and Microsoft Excel (version 16). The findings indicated that the teaching of Civic Education in secondary schools in Zambia enables learners to be critical thinkers and also helping in curbing social challenges. Strategies used in the teaching of Civic Education in secondary school which includes; affiliation to subject association, pupils’ administrative boards, invitation of professionals, conducting of education tours to public institutions and also through community engagement were discussed as presented by respondents. Learner centered methods which includes; discussion, debate, research and explanation were also discussed.

폭력적 극단주의 예방을 위한 교육프로그램 운영 방안에 관한 연구

Day after day, violent incidents by extremists continue to occur in the global village. Concerns about far-right terrorism or violent far-right extremism are rising in Europe as well as the United States, and these countries are nervous about the spread of far-right extremism or far-right terrorism that is unusually expanding. Recently, violent protests occurred in France because of the police's excessive suppression of second-generation immigrants, and in the Netherlands, a coalition government collapsed over the demand for refugees and migrants. The recent spread of violent far-right extremism in Europe appears to be closely related to the rapid influx of refugees into Europe since 2015.
 In this situation, in order to prevent the spread of violent extremism, it is persuasive to recognize that it is a social problem rather than the existing state-centered response, and to find a solution through integrated cooperative governance of the government, businesses, schools, and civic groups. In Korea, too, there are many vulnerable groups who are complaining of suffering in the shadow of economic growth and national development. While being discriminated against and alienated from society, they have dissatisfaction with the country, and teenagers who are not adapted to school are directly affected by the online community.
 Therefore, in this study, the concept of violent extremism is introduced, the factors and paths leading to violent extremism are examined, and measures for prevention are presented. First, we selected the vulnerable class who are most likely to be inclined to violent extremism in Korea and key stakeholders who are in a position to control and manage them. In order to operate a violent extremism prevention education program targeting them, it is important to understand the characteristics of the local community and active participation of various stakeholders, and differentiated and customized education for each vulnerable group is necessary. In addition, periodic evaluation and monitoring, budget and manpower security are important considerations.
 This study presents a customized education program targeting the vulnerable and key stakeholders. In the prevention education program, the contents of education for the selected vulnerable class and key stakeholders and the criteria for selecting instructors were presented. In addition, in order to continuously operate these programs, it was suggested that a feedback system to evaluate and improve their effectiveness should be established. Despite some limitations, this study is meaningful in that it has presented the most specific implementation plan among the papers in related fields published so far, and additional follow-up research will contribute to the prevention of violent extremism and the safety of the community.

Peradaban Islam pada Masa Khilafah Al-Rasyidah

The teachings of the caliphate in the Qur'an are that everything that exists in this world, both in the form and in human potential, is only a gift from Allah SWT. The four caliphs in Islamic history are called al-rasyidin hulefaur. Based on this, the author tries to discuss the leadership of the Rashidun Khulafaur. (2) to find out who the Rashidun Khulafah were, and (3) to find out the development of Islam as a political force. The research method used in this research is historical research method. The results of this study are first, the history of Islamic civilization during the al-Kulafa era, then who the Rashidun Caliphate was and the development of Islam in political power.

ИСТОРИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЯПОНСКОЙ БЮРОКРАТИИ В СИСТЕМЕ ГОСУПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Статья предполагает рассмотрение системы формирования японской экономической бюрократии в послевоенный период. В послевоенную эпоху Япония мощной центральная бюрократия способствовала быстрому экономическому росту, высоким стандартам образования и здравоохранения, внутренней стабильности и мирным международным отношениям. Аппарат государственных служащих сочетал демократическую политику с мощным административным потенциалом и частичной изоляцией от давления групп интересов. Чиновники центрального министерства разработали некий компромисс между автономией и вовлеченностью, при котором они играли отчетливо политическую роль в организации сделок между ключевыми заинтересованными группами. Тем не менее власть и изоляция бюрократии также ограничивали участие гражданских групп и интересов меньшинств в политическом процессе, ограничивали подотчетность перед широкой общественностью и способствовали партнерским сговорам с политиками и группами интересов. Господство бюрократии начало ослабевать в 1970-х годах, когда политики вышли за пределы бюджета Министерства финансов, чтобы расширить государство всеобщего благосостояния и увеличить расходы на общественные работы для своих избирателей. Бюрократический аппарат столкнулся с еще более серьезными проблемами в 1990-х годах, включая финансовый кризис, резко прервавший период быстрого роста, реформу избирательной системы, изменившую политическую динамику, и постепенную эрозию эффективной работы госаппарата.

The Safavid EmpireThe Degradation of Political Islam

Background. After the end of the khulafaur rasyidin period, the history of Islamic civilization has been marked by the establishment of Islamic dynasties that played a role in the spread of Islam. However, after the Abbasid dynasty was destroyed by the Mongols, the light of Islam was dimmed.
 Purpose. Wars and struggles for Islamic power took place everywhere. Even the books of Islamic science were destroyed.
 Method. The political situation of Muslims as a whole only progressed again after the development of three major empires, namely the Ottoman Empire in Turkey, the Safawi Empire in Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India.
 Results. The name Safawiyah is known in Islamic history as the name of the kingdom located in Iran, before becoming the Safawiyah kingdom this kingdom originated from the tariqah movement in Ardabil, Azerbaijan (Russian territory) which was established simultaneously with the Ottoman Empire in Turkey. Named Safawiyah because it was taken from the name of its founder, Safi al-Din, the Safawiyah kingdom adheres to the Shia school as its state school.
 ConclusionThe founder of the safawiyah kingdom descended from the sixth Shia Imam. The fanaticism of the followers of the safawiyah order who opposed groups other than shia encouraged this movement to enter the political movement. The tendency towards politics emerged during the leadership of Junaid, who added political movements in addition to religious ones

The paradox of civic education in Malawi's education system: regaining the missed opportunities

There is a common assumption that the removal of civics from the curriculum between 1995 and 2002, when Malawi became a democracy might have deformed citizenship and civic education (CE). This narrative assumes that civics, as a discipline, was critical for instilling democratic and civic values among Malawians. This then prompted the Tonse Alliance Government (TAG) to change the Ministry of Civic Education and Culture (MoCC) to the Ministry of Civic Education and National Unity (MoCENU) as the first step. Additionally, the then Minister of MoCENU proposed a policy change to reintroduce civics in schools arguing that, it is only through this subject that democratic citizenship can be realized. Accordingly, this paper sought to argue that mere changing of MoCC to MoCENU, and reintroducing civics in schools may add nothing toward the creation of democratic citizenship when we consider global trends. This paper therefore utilized qualitative research design especially Critical Hermeneutics to analyze available literature on citizenship and CE trends, its conceptions and common issues around the globe. In doing so, the paper sought to explain whether Malawi's CE projects have been on the right trajectory or not, and how power-relations and political interests have shaped its development. Mainly, we ascribed to the epigram that, straightening a tree is better done in its sapling. In other words, the best spaces for behavior change and habit formation remain the schools because they are naturally designed to prepare children for such roles and functions. While our arguments might not be final, we still understand that many researches have held a fragmented view of citizenship and CE. We thus sought to analyze these two concepts in the lenses of Critical Pedagogy as suggested by Paulo Freire and Henry Giroux who understood schools as political spaces where the hegemony captures the curriculum to oppress society while protecting their interests. By advocating for a democratic model of education anchored in humanization, problem-posing, and critical conscientization, Critical Pedagogy molds students into future citizens who values critical thinking, transparency and democratic values.

Student Research Trends in the History of Islamic Civilization at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Student Research Trends in the History of Islamic Civilization at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Formation of civil orientations of social competence of the younger generation (on the example of the activities of the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian schoolchildren’s movement)

This article analyzes the process of formation of civic guidelines of social competence of the younger generation on the example of the Russian Schoolchildren’s Movement (RSM). The materials of a qualitative research conducted on the basis of the St. Petersburg branch of RSM in 2022 are presented, in the course of which the practices related to civic education of young St. Petersburg residents were investigated in detail. The significant role of RSM in the process of educating future citizens of the Russian Federation is shown. It is emphasized that, despite the presence of shortcomings and “birth traumas” in its activities, RSM successfully creates new forms of representation of civic guidelines in the context of the formation of social competence of the younger generation, as well as provides participants with a wide range of directions and types of activities. The author also made a conclusion about the dominance of models based on the value of patriotism among the civic orientations of social competence in RSM activities, as well as about the prevalence of representations of patriotism inextricably linked to military themes, especially the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. At the same time, the tendencies of “fatigue” from the above narratives have been identified, which may indicate the need to search for new forms of representation of civic values in the context of the formation of social competence of the younger generation.

Analysis of the evolutionary path of early civilization agriculture based on the plain Bayesian model

Abstract First, this paper focuses on the problem of nonlinear association between attributes and categories, combines inverse document frequency information and deep attribute weighting, improves the distance correlation coefficient, and proposes an attribute-weighted polynomial plain Bayesian text classification algorithm based on the improved distance correlation coefficient. Then a specific scheme for stage classification of early Chinese civilization provides a theoretical premise and expository framework for systematically exploring the relationship between primitive agricultural types and early Chinese civilization and also provides conditions for forming the agricultural revolution of early Chinese civilization in the Central Plains region. Finally, according to the research objectives, the 7000-year-old Ningzhen area was selected as the research object, and the attribute-weighted polynomial plain Bayesian text classification algorithm was used to analyze the data of the research object. The results show that: in the Neolithic burials of the North Yingying culture period alone, there are 240 burial relics with a total of 1,580 pieces of all burial relics, including 554 pieces of stone production workers, but the fundamental reason is the active change of human for the survival crisis. This study is a preliminary attempt to conduct an interdisciplinary study on the history of agriculture and civilization and provides an academic path for the sublimation of agricultural history to the study of the history of agricultural civilization.

THE INFORMATIC IMAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ART

This text focuses on the dominant visual culture current policies, its relationship with the market and the partnership of this relationship with art. Information (visual) that indicates the actions of storing and disseminating information is a traditional form of activity that all cultures frequently resort to through art, from the first ages to the present. Because it is known that the functionality of the image is encountered even in cave painting in the history of civilization and the first data are these paintings built with communicative concern. Nevertheless, the real (purposeful) informatic image emerges in church murals in medieval Christian Europe. These (communicative) images, which emerge as an activity of the dominant system to convey itself, are informatic messages in terms of the meaning they are loaded. Accordingly, the image is always communicative between culture, market, system and individual. With this aspect, image is a type of information that enters the field of visual culture and turns into a kind of communication opportunity and it is clear that this has a transdisciplinary feature. As it can be understood, from the depths of civilization history to the present, visuality is a part of the activity of directing/managing the masses. It is also obvious that these possibilities have changed according to the visual culture instruments of the age. Like defined above, the individual interacting with the system according to the needs of the age is under the control of cultural relations networks. In this context, McLuhan pays attention in her text Medium is the Messages that the social structure came under the control of the media in the 1960s. Today, it can be said that this situation is beyond what the author claims and that the age of visual culture we live in has absorbed all the components from art to design, from artist to designer, from individual to society, into the system. Thus, a universe picture emerged in which almost all cultural productions turn into fictions that are blessed/glorified in terms of being art and/or design; in this universe built in the possibility of visual culture, visuality, which has a transdisciplinary character, has turned into a kind of communication opportunity.

The Architectural Façade Features of Traditional Nigde Houses that are Influential in the Formation of Urban Identity

Factors such as the change of societies living in cities, migration from village to city, unplanned urbanization, socio-economic and socio-political effects cause the emergence of new settlements in the city, as well as the rapid change and transformation of the local architectural identity that has been formed before. This situation causes cities to become ordinary, similar to each other and even the same, distancing from their original identities. One of the most important parts of the city, which is the object of memory and reflects the identity elements of a period, is the residential architecture. When the old and original neighbourhood textures formed by the Nigde houses are reviewed, it is seen that it was settled on the Kayabasi, Tepeviran and Alaaddin hills in the centre. It was observed that the garden walls and houses were placed by using the slope of the land from the hills to the plain and the planning was made without blocking the view and the sun, thus organic street textures emerged. It is seen that the original two-storey stone houses and organic street texture in the gardens, which constitutes the architecture of Nigde and its nearby villages (Yesilburc Village, Fertek Village, etc.), have been demolished in recent years due to the roads opened for vehicle traffic. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to reveal the contribution of the architectural elements of the traditional Nigde houses, which constitute the urban identity and urban texture of Nigde and which is one of the biggest components of the urban life setup, to the urban identity.

Pendidikan Karakter dan Kewarganegaraan Sejak Dini: Sebuah Upaya Mengatasi Degradasi Moral di Era 4.0

This writing is motivated by the phenomenon of immaturity and the inability to use technology properly which has a negative impact on the moral quality of humans themselves such as moral degradation, namely a decline or decrease in one's level of behavior. The emergence of cases of rape, murder, assault, brawls, and other bad acts shows that the current generation is still weak in morals. Therefore, this study aims to find a solution in dealing with moral degradation by instilling character education and civic values from an early age together. By using the research method of library research (library search) which analyzes, examines and explores it so that the correct steps are obtained in instilling the values of character education and citizenship. The results of this study indicate that character and citizenship education is an important alternative to overcome moral degradation which is declining due to the influence of the digital era 4.0 which includes religious values, honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, national spirit, love of the motherland, respect, achievement, communicative, peace-loving, and responsible.