Historical Transformation Research Articles

Russia – Mongolia – China: Historical and Contemporary Transformations

The history of the expansion of “Russian Asia” in the 17th – 19th centuries is associated with the formation of a transboundary space that has absorbed migration flows and energy of Russian (Orthodox), Mongolian (Buddhist-nomadic) and Chinese (Taoist-Confucian) civilizations. The Russians were mentally and politically perceived by the Mongol elite as saviors. In the 19th– early 20th centuries Mongolia, turned into the Mongolian People’s Republic, which was under the formal suzerainty of China. International legal “inconsistencies” in the status of the MPR were eliminated by the decisions of the Yalta Conference of the Allies (February 1945), the Mongolian referendum followed by the recognition of its results by Chiang Kai-shek in 1946. The triangle “USSR – MPR – China” acquired a complete form with full international legal registration. The post-Soviet outlines were largely determined by the signing in 1993 of the Russian-Mongolian and in 1994 the Mongolian-Chinese Treaties of Friendship and Cooperation, the emergence of a “third neighbor”, the strengthening of China on trade and investment platforms. The signing in 2019 of the Russian-Mongolian Treaty on Friendly Relations and Comprehensive Strategic Partnership has politically strengthened the Russian-Mongolian vector, strengthening the overall strategic foundation of the triangle. The Mongolian sector, in terms of increasing China’s economic share and its influence in general, remains the “weak link” of the tripartite structure. The article analyzes the historical and modern realities of the interactions of the three states, the Russian and Chinese components, their political, financial and economic dimensions, the strengths and weaknesses of bilateral relations in the triangle.

ИСТОРИЯ И ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ МУЗЫКАЛЬНОГО ЖАНРА ФОРТЕПИАННОГО КОНЦЕРТА

The article provides an overview of the history of the piano concert. The author dwells on each period in the development of the genre from the 17th to the 21st centuries. Each stage of the historical transformation of the concert genre is considered – from the historical period, when the piano as an instrument did not yet exist, to modern music. After considering each period, the results are summed up, the main changes in the genre in this historical period are formulated in thesis.

Social Networks as Zones of Digital Personality Construction: Current Problems and Prospects

At present, the Internet and its mediated communication are an integral part of everyday life and social networks are becoming the main platform for self-presentation these days. The main tool for such self-expression in social networks is the selfie. The rapid rise in the popularity of selfies suggests that the very practices of self-representation are undergoing a major historical transformation. Research purpose is to study the features of selfies construction.

Political Theology of International Law: Methodological Facets and Borders

The article investigates the possibility of applying political theology as a specific methodological approach to international law. As the key theses of political theology were originally formulated by C. Schmitt in the context of national law acting in a homogeneous environment, political theology discourse in the modern philosophy of international law is mainly related to the universalist projects of global law based on an analogy with national law. The first of such strategies, the expansionist strategy, presupposes the construction of global order by the world hegemon. The second, the cosmopolitan strategy, assumes that international law can be built on the basis of an ongoing process of discussion of the global order foundations by the widest possible range of actors. Both of these strategies charm “eternal peace” and are nourished by a common messianic spirit and, therefore, are utopian. However, Schmitt’s international law legacy offers an atypical non-universalist and anti-messianic view on international law as a heterogeneous global legal order based on spatial concepts. Despite the fact that the application of political theology to this kind of order is difficult, it shall not be excluded for several reasons. The pluralistic structure of the heterogeneous order can be seen as a katechon that holds back the end of history. Finally, the political theology of international law can be applied to analyze the historical transformations of the international legal order.

Study on the Effect of Standardization on Energy Demand and Economic Growth

The 14th Five-Year Plan is the first five-year period in which China begins a new journey to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and also the first five-year period after China set a goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. In this important historical context, the energy development of China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period will be of great historical transformation significance. As a crucial factor, the trend of energy development during the 14th Five-Year will have a direct impact on the medium and long-term economic and social development, as well as on our confidence in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. The improvement of standardization is conducive to promoting China’s energy demand and economic growth, and it plays an important role in peaking carbon dioxide emissions and reaching the goal of carbon neutrality in the future.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ОБРАЗА НЕБА («ТЭНГЭР») В ДАУРСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

The article studies the historical transformation of the image of the sky in Daurian culture. The authors analyze the myths and shamanistic rituals of the Daur people. The concept of the sky - “tenger” - refers not only to the sky itself, but also to the tops of deer horns, tree tops, the upper part of human and horse’s heads. The authors compare the Daurian and Buryat shamanistic rituals and reveal many similar points. They come to the conclusion that the ancient people worshiped the image of “tenger” as the sun and the moon. After the Neolithic period, “tenger” worship was expressed in the totemistic cult of eagle. The cult of horse was also associated with the sky worship; Daurs sacrificed white horses and bulls to the sky. The authors find out the solar origin of the fairytale heroes of some Daurian myths as well. The sun also appeared as mother in mythical representation. Ancient people considered the sun and the moon as a man and a woman respectively. In the period of matriarchy, when paired marriages arose, there appeared the Daurian myth of marriage of two siblings to two celestial fairies (dakini)...

Роль трудового воспитания в процессе формирования личности

The article presents the author's view on the role of labor education in the process of personality formation. The review of historical transformations of the attitude to work is carried out. Recommendations are given for preserving traditional approaches to labor education and maintaining interest in work on the part of children, parents, and teachers.

Challenges and opportunities for alternative fuels in the maritime sector

Amidst a period of historic transformation, the marine shipping sector faces uncertainty regarding its ability to reliably fuel while remaining compliant with new international environmental regulations and targets. Increasingly stringent environmental standards, and heightened regulatory focus on maritime decarbonization are driving infrastructural and technical development for alternative fuels and mixtures, engine concepts, and operating practices. However, the transition to alternative fueling is highly complex and requires both a global outlook that spans diverse stakeholder demographics and coordination with multiple actors across the value chain. To aid stakeholders involved in decision making and research related to the transition, a scoping study was conducted with the goal of outlining the barriers, uncertainties, and possibilities in the short and long term for the transition. Synthesis of these results provides strategic decision support, technical direction, and a set of R&D priorities for maritime stakeholders and the scientific community.

Можем ли мы надеяться на прогресс в понимании «прогресса»?

The article discusses the question raised by A.L. Nikiforov about the meaning and significance of scientific progress. It is shown that scientific progress, in ac­cordance with the original meaning embedded in this concept, should be consid­ered in the context of the universal development of the human reason, which covers not only the cognitive assimilation of the natural world, but also the con­struction of a harmonious society, and the improvement of man as such. Based on this, it is problematic to talk about autonomous scientific progress that does not affect the spiritual sphere. It is shown that changes in the understanding of progress refer not only to scientific or social progress, but to the whole com­plex of beliefs associated with the idea of the world development. The author traces the historical transformation of the three key concepts underlying the dis­course of progress, which the researcher of the metaphysics of progress Alain de Benoist identifies as the most stable. First, the idea of linear progress, based on the mechanistic ontology and reductionism, is replaced by the concept of so­cial evolution, based on the interaction of organic systems and subsystems. Sec­ondly, the idea of the fundamental unity of humanity and a single science gives way to an irreducible multiplicity of cultures and metaphysics. Third, the idea of a controlled transformation of the world is replaced by the concept of uncer­tainty. The author traces the transformation of the idea of progress into the idea of the complication of the world. A characteristic feature of the discourse of complication is that it speaks of a distributed agent of the world process, thereby relieving man of exclusive responsibility for the course of history. The author defends the point of view that changes in the understanding of progress are an expression of increasing conceptual and ontological complexity.

A Study on the Historical Transformation of Korean-Chinese's Janggo Dance

A Study on the Historical Transformation of Korean-Chinese's Janggo Dance

독일 코포라티즘의 변화와 역사적 전환에 대한 고찰

독일 코포라티즘의 변화와 역사적 전환에 대한 고찰

Exploring Historical Transformation Processes of Hakmu and Yeonhwadae for the Possibility of Contemporary Creation

Exploring Historical Transformation Processes of Hakmu and Yeonhwadae for the Possibility of Contemporary Creation

Об этнической идентификации ойратов и калмыков в тибетской религиозной традиции: мицаны Дрепунг Гоманга

Introduction. Contemporary Kalmyk studies are characterized by that there are still a number of insufficiently explored issues dealing with the shaping of the Kalmyk ethnos, including that of identities of their ancestors within materials related to the religious tradition. Goals. The article seeks to reveal the ties between identities of Kalmyks and Oirats ― and fellow countrymen communities of Drepung Gomang Monastery at earliest stages of Buddhist history among the Mongolic peoples. Results. The work clarifies the specific features of identifying Oirats and Kalmyks through the prism of the Tibetan monastic tradition, and shows the historical changes of identity-related terms. Currently, Drepung Gomang comprises a total of 16 countrymen communities-kangtsens (Tib. khang-tshan) further divided into 22 mitsans (Tib. mi-tshang), i. e. local communities. Representatives of Mongolia and students from Russia’s Buryatia and Tyva are included in Samlo Kangtsen (Tib. bSam-blo Khang-tshan), and the latter’s ten mitsans comprise one referred to as Khalkha Mitsan. As for Kalmyk students, they are affiliated to Hardong Kangtsen (Tib. Har-gdong Khang-tshan) that numbers nine mitsans, and those related to Oirats, Southern Mongols and Kalmyks are Tsokha, Joorche, and Thorgo (Torghut) ones. The emergence of Thorgo and Tsokha Mitsans is closely tied to the history of Oirats and Kalmyks. The paper concludes the name of Thorgo Mitsan is historically related to the identity of prominent Kalmyk monks within Drepung Gomang Monastery, and up to the late 18th century served to denoted the community of monks from the Kalmyk Khanate proper. After the exodus of Kalmyks from the Volga and their resettlement across Xinjiang, Thorgo Mitsan was largely inhabited by the newly arrived ethnic Kalmyks of Torghut descent. Such historical transformations may have introduced structural changes within mitsans, which resulted from ethnic identities of Oirat or Kalmyk monks admitted.

Евгений Иванович Нарожный – археолог и историк золотоордынских владений на Северном Кавказе (к 60-летию иссле­дователя)

Research objective: To present the key stages in the development of Evgeny Ivanovich Narozhny’s academic activity and demonstrate his major contributions to the study of the historical and archaeological heritage of the Golden Horde in the North Caucasus. Research materials: This work is based on the results of a comparative analysis of the main academic studies of E.I. Narozhny. Results and novelty of the research: This work analyzes the main directions of the academic pursuits of the researcher and gave a description of his most important conclusions regarding the political history of the Golden Horde’s dominion in the North Caucasus, the dynamics of the influx of the nomadic population, and the state’s role in the region. The author highlighted the contributions of E.I. Narozhny in the study of the ethnic and cultural emergence of nomads and their influence on the history of the North Caucasus, as well as the “urban” population of the Golden Horde, the historical geography of this state, and global historical transformations that took place within a context of shifts in material culture and a change in ideological priorities.

Місія університету в західноєвропейській культурі (етичні та соціологічні аспекти) Ч. ІІ.

The paper by Sergiy Kurbatov and Mariya Rohozha “The Mission of University in the Western European Culture”(Part II) is devoted to the analyses of transformation of the university as social institution and cultural phenomenon in our time, which we started at the first part of this paper, that was published in “Philosophy of Education”, 2017, № 2 (21)). If the previous paper of these authors included a long chronological period from the origin of the university in late Medieval time up to the 20th century, the current paper is concentrated on analyses of radical challenges, that university faced at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. For example, such popular in contemporary English language literature concept as the end (or the death) of university is observed. The authors tried to analyze sociological attempts to measure the main university activities in the form of international university rankings and the possibilities to develop in Ukraine the ideal models of university, which any system of university rankings have. The special stress was made on the influence of COVID 19 pandemic on transformative processes and institutional development of universities in the nearest future. The main challenges of the 21st century are crucial for the university, because this institution lost monopoly of producing and distribution of advanced knowledge for the first time in history. From the tactic viewpoint, university is less competitive than the different training programs and online courses, it is too conservative and bureaucratic one. But the authors think that in strategic perspective university has a chance for renovation, proving the old maxima that the values and spiritual dimensions of being and the relevant environment are crucial for human being. Almost the millennium of university history proves its ability to pass through the dramatic historical transformation and to continue to maintain its essence.

Наука в эпоху постглобализма: актуальные тренды и противоречия

The article aims to describe the situation in which modern science is developing and to determine the way science responds to pivotal historic transformations. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it gives a comprehensive assessment to development of technology, natural science and the humanities amid current social changes. As a result, the authors show how the main characteristics of the post-global age find their reflection in trends of modern science, identify current contradictions in development of different areas of scientific knowledge, uncover reasons for multidisciplinary approaches having a special role in modern research, formulate priority issues and fundamental premises characterising the state and prospects of modern science.

Formation components of technical science in Ukraine in the 60‒70s of the XIX century

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of technical science in Ukraine in the second half of the XIXth century. The source of data for the research was found in the articles of the "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education" that was published in the 60‒70s of the XIXth century. This historical source explains the chronological boundaries of the research mentioned. The authors draw attention to the formation of technical science as to a complex process that developed from the historical and cultural transformations in the field of scientific research of Ukrainian society back in the days. Paradigmatic shifts in Western European science that penetrated the scientific circles of the Ukrainian social environment contributed to the intensification of scientific and technological progress. It is noted that the latter had a great influence on education which, as shown in the article, became one of the components in the forming process in the field of science and technology.In particular, we are talking about the active work of scientific and technical intelligentsia, which became the driving force in this process, which was expressed in the creation of a theoretical and methodological basis for scientific activities. Based on a wide range of methods derived from the historical research, the progress factors in this scientific field as well as the growth of scientific schools of leading mathematicians, physicists, and other representatives of technical science were discovered. On the basis of the biographical method of analysis the creative way of heads of known scientific schools (V. Ya. Buniakovskyi, I. O. Vyshnehradskyi, M. V. Ostrohradskyi, F. N. Shvedov and others) in line with the trends of the then Ukrainian scientific and technical industry.The research points out the importance and invaluable contribution made by scientists for further motivation and actualization of the research in subsequent years. It is emphasized that the emergence of scientific schools and modernization of the technical education system have become the main components in the formation of the scientific and technical elite. It was made through an active scientific activity that contributed to the formation of technical science at the theoretical and methodological levels.

Historical Reconstruction of Subordination in a Local Context: Agroecosystems with Sugarcane in Veracruz, Mexico

Objective: Rebuild the historical transformation of agroecosystems based on sugarcane in the sub-humid tropic, as a consequence of the change in public policies of the Mexican State in the last three decades. Design/methodology/approach: The transformation of sugar cane agroecosystems was studied in the continuum of reality, as changes in their resource management and management practices. Thus, methodologies used included life stories, field diary, and documentary review. The information collected was transcribed and classified in a database, using keywords for their previous identification by categories. The statements were identified and ordered based on their content, interpretation, and underlying concepts. Results: During the last century, public policies directed towards the sugar sector encouraged the existence of sugarcane agroecosystems as a monoculture. This implied changes in the management of time, work organization, orientation of the production, dependence on credits driven by the mills, and a process encouraged by the individualization of production, eroding the collective and solidarity work that lay behind other crops. Study limitations/implications: It is important to compare these findings with other investigations done in sugar cane producing municipalities. Findings / conclusion: Neoliberal public policies aiming the sugar sector deepened the producers' financial dependence on mills; as a consequence, they lost their autonomy in the management and use of their agroecosystems.

Institutions, individuals, and social relations in the modernization process

The controversy over the role of institutions in the emergence of the modern development is analyzed in the article; essential faults in both institutionalism and its criticism are revealed. The faults in question are: The tendency to stay in the framework of economics as a purely empirical science, though the interdisciplinary character of the problem of modernization, its sociological and social-philosophical theory demands for the interdisciplinary and metatheoretical level; modernization is often considered only in its final stage (the development of modern institutions and the transition to the modern economic growth), while an analysis of social transformations on its earlier stages is necessary (the rise of cities as trade and craft centers, the expansion of urban markets, the extension of influence and independence of merchants and craftsmen); the theory is limited by the definitions of “economic growth” and “institutions” which clearly do not seem to be sufficient. It is considered to be essential to restore the term “social relations” in its Marxist meaning; in case of long-term historical transformations (such as modernization), its replacement by “institutions” is not valid (the terms “structures/relations” and “institutions” are not identical).

Contradicciones del capitalismo y transformaciones sociales en América Latina

Latin American societies today are crackling with the emergence of new forms of political radicalization which, far from challenging capitalism, seem more like channels for occluding their democratic boundaries. How can we understand this process in which there is a mysterious intertwining of neoliberalism and the darkest forces opposed to the fundamental principle of equal freedom for the members of a political community? In this paper we approach this problem by interpreting the social transformations that have taken place in the region since the last great economic crisis of capitalism. In order to do so, we examine some discussions of contemporary Critical Theory about these effects on the specific level of the forms of integration that structure our social world. In this sense, we are guided by a question that has accompanied Sociology since its beginnings, namely: how the infrastructure of the collective supports of the individual can be eroded by the historical transformations of the capitalist economic system. The article ends with an analytical approach to the role played in our present by recent reconfigurations of neoliberal culture for contemporary subjectivity.