Historical Space Research Articles

Effects of plaster choice on conservation of the original acoustical character of historical mosques

The study aims to contribute acoustic characteristics of two monumental mosques in Western Anatolia: focusing on the change of material properties of the prayer hall and its effects on the perceived acoustical environment during history. Preserving the authentic auditory environments of historical mosques has great importance. Because the acoustical perception of the prayer hall affects users as much as their visual perception. Field measurements and acoustical simulations were held in two historical mosques with similar room volumes but different dome combinations to compare the present and probable original acoustical environments. The values of T30, EDT and STI are investigated by focusing on the change of plaster properties during restoration works. It is found that the original mortars could be differentiated for both cases and they might sound very different when the time they were first built. Acoustic documentation of such important historical monuments of Anatolia is quite a good contribution to the field of archaeoacoustics and historical conservation. However, the study focused on the change of material properties. The findings of the paper can raise the question; of whether it is possible to comment on the originality of materials of a historical space by measuring its current acoustical character.

교육 공간으로서 학교 공간, 자연 공간, 가상 공간의 융합 공간 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to study the convergence space of school space, natural space, and virtual space as an educational space focused on the Lefebvre's spatial theory.
 Methods In this study, Lefebvre's spatial theory was selected as the analysis framework and the collected data were analyzed focusing on the spatial practice, spatial representation, and reproduction space of the Lefebvre's spatial theory.
 Results First, the characteristics and limitations of school space as a recent educational space are as follows. The characteristics of school space are the space where control of education and learner's autonomy coexist in the context of spatial practice, the space where the government led of education and the initiative of the learner coexist in the context of spatial representation, and the space where the knowledge transfer of education and learner's activity coexist in the context of reproduction space. The limitations of school space were found to identify school space as a specific physical space, the influence of the educational system on school space, and to limit the members of school space to teachers and students. Second, the characteristics and possibilities of natural space and virtual space as an alternative educational space are as follows. The characteristics of natural space and virtual space appeared as a space of motivation for learning from the spatial practice, a learning space of community from the spatial representation, and a learning space of interaction from the reproduction space. The possibilities of natural space and virtual space appeared as new educational spaces from the spatial practice, the possibility of qualitative improvement from the reproduction space, and the possibility of participation of various educational members from the reproduction space. Third, the characteristics and directions of the convergence space of school space, natural space, and virtual space as a future educational space are as follows. The characteristics of the convergence space are a curious learning space through the physical connection of education space and learning spaces from the spatial practice, a self-directed learning space through the systematic connection of education space and learning spaces from the spatial representation, and a creative experiential learning space through experiential connection of education space and learning spaces from the reproduction space. The direction of the convergence space appeared as a space of restoration of relationships for coexistence as a historical space.
 Conclusions First, a discourse centered on learners and instructors is required in the process of constructing a convergence space of school space, natural space, and virtual space in the educational field. Second, the establishment of policies is required in the process of applying the convergence space of school space, natural space, and cyberspace in the educational field. Third, the development of curriculum and education methods is required in the process of applying the convergence space of school space, natural space, and cyberspace in the educational field.

Лингвистический анализ процесса обучения и воспитания в контексте культурно-исторического развития

Thanks to the widespread use of the native language in the process of training and educating the younger generation, the language is being revived, preserved and developed, its prestige is rising, and a society is being formed that provides full and comprehensive communication, regardless of ethnic and cultural identity. The education system positively regards the linguistic and cultural roots of each ethnic group as supporting elements and uses them to enrich the content of education, maintain the importance and effectiveness of achieving cognitive and practical goals at each level of education. The intentionality of entering into the existence of ethnoculture and the motivation to study the native language increases. Teaching culture is a more difficult task than learning to speak a language. This is the task of forming a new mentality through the formation of new images, feelings, abstract concepts and, in general, consciousness. However, this is the only true way, since it is possible to form the mental only by taking root in the spiritual cultural and historical space.

Ola Oloidi in the Development of Modern Art History in Nigeria, 1980 – 2020

Employing historiography, this article traces the roles of the art historian, Ola Oloidi, in the origin and development of modern Nigerian art history. The study of art history in Nigeria before Oloidi’s intervention was akin to anthropology. In the mid-1980s, he presumably changed this trend. He originated what is today known as the history of modern Nigerian art and initiated strategies to reposition art historical studies in their correct perspective. He defended the cause of modern Nigerian art and art history through incisive and insightful texts buttressed with objective, constructive, and critical arguments. Thus, he left indelible footprints in the field of art historical studies in Nigeria. Ola Oloidi’s innovative and ground-breaking ideas about art and its reportage in Nigeria provide an inestimable fount of knowledge that other Nigerian art historians have drawn from to further advance historical discourses that deepen understanding of modern Nigerian art. He bequeathed the Art Historical Association of Nigeria (AHAN) to art historians to fight against anthropological dominance and the scientification of the art historical space.

Chinese Policy in Latin America: Lessons and Risks for Spain

In the past two decades, Latin American countries and China have strengthened cooperation in such areas as politics, economy, finance, culture, and military sphere. In these relations each party pursues its own goals: China, for example, is looking for access to new sources of raw materials and markets, as well as support on some sensitive issues on the international agenda, such as the problem of human rights or the status of Taiwan. Latin America seeks new sources of finance, and technology, as well as the diversification of foreign policy ties. Sino-Latin American relations are most active in the sphere of economy, investment and lending, that increases the interdependence between China and the countries of the region and even the dependence on Chinese funding. At the same time, despite gradual growth, social and cultural contacts between parties remain limited, and that constrains the development of mutual understanding between them. The strengthening of Beijing's position in Latin America logically arouses Spain's fears, as the region has always been a historical space for its foreign policy; Spain's position and attractiveness there are gradually declining. However, since cooperation with China contributes to the development of Latin American countries, it can play a positive role for Spain and creates an opportunity for building ties between Spanish and Chinese institutions. Thus, the article is devoted to the problem of the influence of the development of Sino-Latin American relations on the role of Spain as a traditional foreign policy partner of the region. The authors conclude that in the context of the growth of partnership between Latin America and China, Spain will have to look for ways to cooperate with Chinese entities, trying to maintain its role in the region and derive benefits from such cooperation.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КОНФЛІКТИЗАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У СУЧАСНОМУ УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧОМУ ДИСКУРСІ (Рецензія на книгу: Конфліктизація культурно-історичного простору українства в умовах сучасних загроз: монографія / За заг. ред. М.І. Обушного, відп. ред. І.М. Грабовська. К.: Міленіум, 2021. 266 с.)

The monographic research of the team of authors consisting of Iryna Grabovska, Svitlana Kagamlyk, Mykola Obushny, Lyudmila Sorochuk "Conflictization of the cultural and historical space of Ukraine in the conditions of modern threats" is analyzed. It is emphasized that the study of conflictological processes in modern Ukraine is one of the most relevant direction of national socio-humanitarian studies. The scientific understanding of the indicated issues should become a thorough basis for understanding the processes that are taking place in our country, in particular today, during the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine for the purpose of destroying it as a state, a nation and the population of these territories in general. Emphasis is placed on the positive aspects of the proposed work.

조선시대 사서에 담긴 발해 지리 인식의 추이 검토

Although it is well revealed in Yu Deuk-gong(柳得恭)'s preface to Balhae-go(渤海考), it is important to examine how the perception of Balhae succession is reflected in the history books of the Joseon Dynasty. The change in the perception of historical geography in Balhae developed in conjunction with the development of historical geography in the middle and late Joseon Dynasty.
 This expanded interest in the historical space of the past as the theory of wealth and strength spread in the process of protesting with external enemies such as the Imjin War(壬⾠倭亂) and the Manchu Invasion(丙⼦胡亂) of Korea. The study of the territory aroused interest in countries that dominated the northern areas such as Goguryeo and Balhae after Dangun Joseon(檀君朝鮮) in time, and further expanded their understanding of historical and geographical data received from China. Accordingly, the tendency to expand the scope of the river area to Manchuria spread away from the limitations of domestic data that focused on the Korean Peninsula.
 There are a total of 42 historical materials that convey records related to Balhae history. The compilation period ranges from the 12th century to the mid-19th century. However, there are 14 types of historical materials dealing with the territorial geography of Balhae, and most of them are reproduced or extracted from the geography-related articles of Xintangshu(新唐書), and only five types of history books have attempted to prove geography in earnest.
 The first review of the administrative district of Balhae was Dongsa-gangmok(東史綱目), where Balhae was destroyed and Hamgyeong-do(咸境道) and Pyeongan-do(平安道) belonged to Balhae.
 However, in fact, this was not reviewed in the geographical history of the text, and the historical geography of Balhae was also biased toward the Liaodong area(遼東). This stance led to Balhae-go(渤 海考) and Daedongjiji(大東地志), which harshly criticized Goryeo for not compiling Balhae history.
 Of course, it was not directly cited as Liaoshi(遼史) Geography, but it is also the result of accepting historical materials of the Yitongzhi(一統志), Shengjingtongzhi(盛京通志) series that succeeded it without criticism.
 In the historical evidence of Balhae geography, the transformation of perception was made in AbangGangyeok-go(我邦疆域考) and Haedong-yeoksasok(海東繹史續). These two historical sources were compiled around the same time and have similar forms. Unlike the location of major administrative districts in Balhae in Dongsa-gangmok(東史綱目), these two librarians compared and reviewed each feed to criticize the error of defining the location as the Liaodong area(遼東), and presented a new perception. This view is not different from the current theory in terms of specific points, but it is almost identical in the general context. And in a large framework, it is not very different from the development of archaeology or the result of the deepening of research. This means that the perception of historical geography has risen one notch from the level of Dongsa-gangmok (東史綱目) as a result of organically combining the historical historical methodology as well as a review of historical data.

Revitalize the collective memory corridor of historical streets and alleys: Taking the spatial regeneration of Suzhou Road, Shinan District, Qingdao as an example

As an important element of urban historical space, historical streets and alleys contain rich regional historical and cultural information. The collective memory of historical streets and alleys is the precious resource of urban heritage, which carries the process of spatial change of streets and alleys. Based on the historical streets in the collective memory as the starting point to cut into the Qingdao districts of suzhou road historical streets space regeneration, focusing as memory element memories crowd, memory, and memory space, and the memory elements are translated into memory Spaces, and on this basis, try to use according to the different characteristics of memory Spaces to combination, and the corresponding space on the streets, Finally, using the interface transformation to complete the whole memory activation method to regenerate the streets of Suzhou Road. In order to provide reference for the protection of suzhou road historical streets and lanes, and to help the continuation and development of similar streets and lanes heritage space.

Намогильные памятники адыгов в XIV-XVI вв.: общая характеристика и проблема культур-но-этнической принадлежности

The funeral and memorial rites of the Adygs are one of the fundamental, structure-forming elements of the spiritual culture of the people. Starting from the late middle ages and up to the present time, the burial practices of the Adygs have been transformed under the effect of external and internal factors. In the late middle ages, when the predominant part of the Adygs adhered to paganism, under-barrow rite of the dead was dominated at the entire historical space of their residence. Barrows of the XIV-XVI centuries are represented by earth, stone or mixed mounds about a meter high, erected above the buried in a wooden block, usually oriented along the line W - E. Late medieval Adyghe mounds are on the plane and in the foothills. Adyghe mounds can be divided into three local groups: The Eastern Black Sea, Zakubansk (Belorechensk), Kabardino-Pyatigorsk. Each of these groups has its own specifics. The late medieval barrow burial grounds by Adyghs occupies the area from the Northern Black Sea region in the west to the borders of modern plain Chechnya in the east; from the Kuma River in the north to the foothills of the Rocky and Caucasian Ranges in the south (except for burial grounds in the mountains of the North-Western Caucasus, near the modern Karachay villages of Kart-Dzhurt, Uchkulan and Khurzuk). The belonging of the the North Caucasian barrows of the 14th – 16th centuries to the Adygs is confirmed by archeological data, narrative sources and folklore materials.

임진왜란시기 八公山會盟과 작품에 대한 고찰

This study is about Mt. Palgong Meetings among war leaders of Korea, the general process of battles in the mountain, and literary works of meeting participants during the Imjin War(Japanese Invasion to Korea, 1592~1598; 壬辰倭亂).
 It has been known that Mt. Palgong Meetings were held two times - in March 1596(the 29th year of the King Seonjo 宣祖) and September 1596. But, this study reveals that the meetings were held two more times - in September 1592(the 25th year of the King Seonjo) and September 1594(the 27th year of the King Seonjo). Among the meetings, only what was held in March 1596 was led by the central government, while the other three meetings were voluntarily led by volunteer army leaders. At the battle in September 1597(the 30th year of the King Seonjo), those leaders who had participated in Mt. Palgong Meetings led the volunteer soldiers in defeating the Japanese troops.
 At Mt. Palgong Meetings, voluntary army leaders would express their visions about the world and the country with many patriotic literary works. The works of such leaders written at the meeting of September 1596 can be divided into two types: responsory and presenting poems(和唱詩) and linking verses poems(聯詩). While Mt. Palgong Meetings and Mt. Palgong battles were important historical accidents which would allow us to grasp the organizations and activities of volunteer armies, there remains no such historical space in the Mt. Palgong region.

오무장공사 소장 유물과 화교사회

This paper aims to clarify the historical significance of each relic and its relationship with the Overseas Chinese Community through a survey of relics produced during the modern period preserved by the Wu Wuzhuanggong shrine. The WuWuzhuanggong shrine enshrines Admiral Wu Changqing, who was dispatched from the Qing dynasty to Choseon to suppress the Im-O Military Revolt. King Gojong established it in 1885 in the name of Jeongmu shrine to commemorate Wu Changqing after his death, and hold national memorial service every year. Japan's colonization of Choseon-Korea was actively promoted, and in 1909, the memorial service and management was transferred to the Qing Consulate General in Choseon-Korea, and the ceremony was held jontly with the Kyeongseong Chinese Chamber of Commerce. In this paper, we first surveyed all the relics in the collection of WuWuzhuanggong shrine and deciphered all the characters on each relic of the monument stone, plaque, couplet, and mortuary tablet. After deciphering, through the work of translating all relics, we fully grasped the content of each relic, and examined the historical meaning of each relic, focusing on its relationship with overseas Chinese community. Each relic not only contains the history of the WuWuzhuanggong shrine as it is, but also clearly shows the actual situation of its transformation. The overseas Chinese community in Gyeongseong is directly involved in the management, repair and maintenance of the WuWuzhuanggong shrine, as well as the rituals, and has served as a historical space that unites the overseas Chinese community

The Identity and Continuity of Croatian Philosophy

After delineating the corpus of Croatian philosophy, the historical and conceptual identity and continuity of Croatian philosophy are analysed with respect to several aspects: (1) the historical space and time of Croatian philosophy; (2) its socio-cultural role and character (educational, linguistic and national-political); (3) its traditions and interconnections; and (4) the idea of Croatian philosophy. Special attention is paid to the difference between Franjo pl. Marković’s views on Croatian philosophy and the present state-of-the-art. Finally, the roots of Croatian philosophy are considered at the moment of transition from myth to Christianity and in the introductory reflections of the Charter of Duke Trpimir.

Does Ukraine Have the Right to be an EU Member?

The authors offer a comprehensive gnoseological and axiological study of the prerequisites that may become the grounds for Ukraine’s integration into the EU: social, economic, cultural-historical, and other prerequisites. This practical reflection aims to identify the extent to which Ukraine is currently integrated into the EU. From the geopolitical viewpoint, the act of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union is a formality, which implies the agreement of the EU members to accept Ukraine as an equal actor in a shared, unified economic, cultural, and historical space. Certainly, a decision of this kind should be dictated by concrete, historically substantiated grounds, that is, reasons proven by time and the logic of history.

Methods of Critical Thinking in Classes of Philological Disciplines in Higher Education Institutions: Neuroscientific Approach

The relevance of the research in the context of determining an importance of critical thinking lies in the excessive informatization of a modern society. The Internet is becoming a source of a large flow of an information, which is spread through the intensive use of an information and communication technologies in almost all areas of human life. The article highlights features of a digitalization in the modern world, as well as the main methods of critical thinking for an analysis and an evaluation of an information. The research work is based on theoretical and methodological approaches of researchers of critical thinking as a method, in particular in the field of philology. Theoretical and methodological approaches of the research became the basis for determining results of an effective implementation of critical thinking methods in philological classes in higher education institutions in the context of a neuroscientific approach. In order to study the effectiveness of the use of critical thinking in philological specialties some research, descriptive and scientific methods were used. The method of an analysis was also used in the context of distinguishing the concept of a method, critical thinking, specialties of philology and a neuroscientific approach. To determine the main results of the research, a generalization method was used. Results of the research became the basis for a need to think critically in the modern historical space, as digitalization of the society has led to a continuous flow of an information, which causes the infodemia as destabilizing factor in a public life. Also, future professionals in obtaining a qualification must clearly distinguish the true information from an inaccurate, which can be realized in the presence of a critical perception of an information flow.

Plant Asset in the Historical Spaces: Case of Diyarbakır, Turkey

Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır ili Sur ilçesinin 12 cami ve 1 kilisesindeki bitki varlığının tespit edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, çalışma alanlarındaki bitkiler teşhis edilmiş, dendrolojik özellikleri belirlenmiş, gövde çapları ölçülmüş ve tarihi nitelikli alanda kullanıma uygunlukları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada toplam 199 ağaç ve çalı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanlarında en yaygın karşılaşılan türler doğu çınarı (Platanus orientalis L.) ve ak duttur (Morus alba L.). Ayrıca, tarihi mekânların iyileştirilmesi ve korunması açısından bu tür alanların çevresiyle birlikte korunması konusundaki çalışmaların yetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu anlamda, yanlış kullanılan türler bozkır bitki örtüsü içinde bulunan doğal bitkiler ile değiştirilebilir.

THE UNIVERSAL LEXICAL SYSTEM: ALGORITHMS OF FORMATION

The relevance of the article lies in the necessity of studying the Ukrainian language in the modern linguistic and historical space. The article is devoted to the concept of the universal lexical-semantic system (ULS) as a tool for learning languages, including Ukrainian. The object of study is the universal lexical-semantic system as a field of manifestation of linguistic universals. The subject of the research is the algorithm (technology) of formation of the universal lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language. The purpose of the article is to acquaint with the algorithm of formation of a universal lexical-semantic system on the example of the Ukrainian language. A universal algorithm of the lexical skills formation based on the relatively simultaneous operation of seven universal laws is presented. The manifestation of these laws in the language is described. The law of the unity and struggle of opposites is manifested through antonyms, based on the fact that our brain is arranged so that we better understand the essence of any concept, if we know its opposite. The law of the negation of the negation is manifested in the etymology of words, and is closely related to the susceptibility of our thinking to rely on the accumulated experience contained in memory. The law of causality is manifested through phraseology, based on the subconscious relationship of native speaker between letters, words and phrases. The law of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes is a continuous alternation of active and passive phases, manifested in the language through the image or translation of a word. The law of freedom of choice in the study of the language is manifested through the determination of synonymous words. The main part of the article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of ULS in the Ukrainian language. The article presents a model of systemic conditionality of ULS. Specific examples are given. The fundamental difference of the presented method of lexical skills formation from the others existing in didactics is substantiated. The scope and target audience of the presented methodology are determined.

Didactic model of development of the space - temporal contextualization skill in the History of Cuba

This article deals with aspects of the development of the space - temporal contextualization skill in the teaching learning process of the History of Cuba. The objective that it pursues the elaboration of a didactic model for the development of this skill in the students of the Bachelor's Degree in Especial Education, that contributes to their professional training. The scientific novelty of these research results is expressed in conceiving the space - temporal contextualization as a skill within the teaching learning process of the history of Cuba, that becomes a basic component of the historical content that allows to establish a gnoseological and methodological core, being structured from the integral relationship of time and historical space, favors in students the integration of knowledge and the development of a set of temporal, spatial and causal relationships that are established in dialectical interrelation.

Traduire, un processus infini?

On the basis of the problematization of the relationships between translatability and untranslatability, tradition and translation, we try to clear the impact of cultural context on the translator's choices. This impact is illustrated through three French translations of the opening stanza of the famous Hamlet monologue (III, 1), those of Voltaire, François-Victor Hugo and Yves Bonnefoy. The adopted perspective focuses on the philosophical dimension, the cultural horizon and the historicity of the act of translating. The starting hypothesis postulates that the translation can be considered as a rewriting of the original, which reflects a poetics and a worldview that reveal the functioning of the literature of a language-culture at a given time. Then the translational analysis can shed some light on the mechanisms of this conditioning. The developed reasoning leads to the conclusion that even though any translation depends on its cultural and historical space, the ethical aim requires to preserve the letter and the spirit of the source text.

(Re) construction of historical memory: identity and urban re-valuation of the first Diagonal in Chile

In the process of urban regeneration, the re-valuation of public space and the elements that configure it assume the potential in the regeneration process, integrating elements as the basis components in the consolidation of urban dynamics. Also, the contained memory of the city, understood as public inheritance, is a continuous and participatory process in which we construct the sense of belonging and place. The (re) construction of historical memory of the Avenue Diagonal Pedro Aguirre Cerda, the first diagonal axis of Chile, has partly defined the structure of the landscape of the city of Concepcion, being a container of social, historical, and natural processes that accidentally occurred. Unfortunate but ideal scenarios have been the successive earthquakes that have made our country a fertile ground for rethinking and materializing ideas. It is, in the post-1939 earthquake, when the reconstruction permitted revolutionary thoughts coming from modern Europe and that were materialized, with a privileged location in both the historical space and in the physical city.The appearance of this axis, in the apposition of the foundational Damero’s plane, is an innovative project that breaks this historic urban trend, taking into Chile, and more specifically into Concepción, a chance to expound innovative ideas, aimed to change the urban landscape prevailing at that time.In terms of spatial configuration, this diagonal axis is a superposition of historical layers in their development and materialization that has become a mass of history and that is still in development. In other words, it is dynamic and open, consolidating it periodically as an identity space city landscape, harmoniously uniting both the civic world represented by the square courts with the academics symbolized in the University of Concepción.It is proposed to unravel and rescue the historical context that adds a value in the configuration and coordination of the various parties in relation to the on-going transformation and constitution of this urban piece and its constant identity re-evaluation in favor of the regeneration processes.

Особенности лексики и семантики говора казаков-некрасовцев п. Новокумский Ставрополь-ского края (по материалам лингвистической экспедиции НИУ СГПИ 2022 г.)

This article explores the key linguistic features and connections, and dialects fixing concepts, bor-rowings, speech creativity and the actual folklore of the Nekrasov Cossacks of the Novokumsky hamlet (Levokumsky district of the Stavropol Territory). The object of the study was the lexical layer of language data, speech creation and folklore of the Nekrasov Cossacks, men and women of three respondent groups aged 20 to 60 years. The language sources of the local museum—the No-vokumsk Museum of the History of the Nekrasov Cossacks—are considered as the most valuable empirical base for the study of the language, folklore and history of this Cossack group. The in-formation of the museum and historiography emphasizes that the Nekrasov Cossacks are a Cos-sack group whose culture has always attracted domestic researchers who studied the Cossacks in the historical space of Russia, Turkey, Romania and other countries. It is revealed that the lan-guage culture of the Nekrasovites in modern times is not well understood, which leads to interest in this Cossack group. Representatives of the Cossack community of the hamlet are descendants of the Cossacks of the Maynos community. The linguistic features of the Maynos community of Nekrasov Cossacks differed significantly from those of the larger Danube community. A linguis-tic expedition to the Novokumsky hamlet is in demand both to translate the sources of the local museum, and in order to discover the hidden linguistic connections of the community representa-tives, actual folklore, which was formed under the influence of the Stavropol Cossacks. During the expedition, such features of the vocabulary and semantics of the dialect were revealed, such as the saturation of the language with representations of the Old Believer religious culture with a pre-dominance of the influence of the colloquial style of the Turkish language of the XIX century, the Don dialect, and family concepts.