THE UNIVERSAL LEXICAL SYSTEM: ALGORITHMS OF FORMATION

Abstract

The relevance of the article lies in the necessity of studying the Ukrainian language in the modern linguistic and historical space. The article is devoted to the concept of the universal lexical-semantic system (ULS) as a tool for learning languages, including Ukrainian. The object of study is the universal lexical-semantic system as a field of manifestation of linguistic universals. The subject of the research is the algorithm (technology) of formation of the universal lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language. The purpose of the article is to acquaint with the algorithm of formation of a universal lexical-semantic system on the example of the Ukrainian language. A universal algorithm of the lexical skills formation based on the relatively simultaneous operation of seven universal laws is presented. The manifestation of these laws in the language is described. The law of the unity and struggle of opposites is manifested through antonyms, based on the fact that our brain is arranged so that we better understand the essence of any concept, if we know its opposite. The law of the negation of the negation is manifested in the etymology of words, and is closely related to the susceptibility of our thinking to rely on the accumulated experience contained in memory. The law of causality is manifested through phraseology, based on the subconscious relationship of native speaker between letters, words and phrases. The law of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes is a continuous alternation of active and passive phases, manifested in the language through the image or translation of a word. The law of freedom of choice in the study of the language is manifested through the determination of synonymous words. The main part of the article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of ULS in the Ukrainian language. The article presents a model of systemic conditionality of ULS. Specific examples are given. The fundamental difference of the presented method of lexical skills formation from the others existing in didactics is substantiated. The scope and target audience of the presented methodology are determined.