Historical Research Methodology Research Articles

The Evolving Role of Prosecution in Pakistan's Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Analysis with India

The purpose of this research is to investigate the function of prosecution within the framework of Pakistan's criminal justice system as seen through the lens of India. Through the use of historical and doctrinal research methodologies, the examination dives into the development of prosecutorial functions in both nations. Within the scope of this study, a comparison and contrast of the legislative frameworks that control the prosecutorial function is carried out. Particular attention is paid to important aspects such as prosecutorial discretion, pre-trial investigation, and trial advocacy. The purpose of this research is to investigate the ways in which the courts in Pakistan and India have interpreted the powers and restrictions of the prosecutor by analyzing significant cases. This comparative technique allows the investigation to identify both commonalities, which are a result of a shared colonial past, and differences, which are a result of separate legal processes. The research provides an in-depth analysis of the efficiency of the prosecution process in each nation, stressing both the positive and negative aspects of the system as well as prospective areas for improvement. The findings of this study present suggestions for enhancing the prosecutorial position within Pakistan's criminal justice system. These recommendations are derived from the Indian experience, which the research draws upon. One of the goals of this research is to make a contribution to the continuing conversations that are taking place about how to assure a more strong and efficient prosecutorial role, which would eventually result in a criminal justice system in Pakistan that is more effective and just.

The fi ght against the moral evil of war aft er 1945. Historical approach to the concept of post-war moralrevival of prof. Helena Radlińska

AbstractThe article was created on the basis of exploration conducted in accordance with the methodology of historical socio-pedagogical research. The initiator and promoter of this research was Helena Radlinska - the creator of Polish social pedagogy. Post-war experiences of moral crisis, to which prof. Helena Radlinska drew attention in the years 1946-1947, can today activate and inspire pedagogical communities, especially socio-pedagogical ones. Every war implies negative consequences in the economic and energy spheres. These processes are the subject of numerous analyses, debates and activities in the international arena. Much less attention is paid to the social effects of war. In this context, the selected subject of the moral evil of war appears to be an important and consistently relevant issue. It is therefore worth analysis, research, and discourse leading to corrective actions based on intentional influence in the sphere of moral education (moral upbringing). The aim of the article is to present the concept of counteracting the moral consequences of war as presented by Helena Radlińska. It may also be an encouragement for further scientific research aimed at searching for theoretical and methodical foundations for the practice of activities included in the field of upbringing, educational, caring, assistance and cultural activities, as well as promoting the culture of truth, goodness, and beauty in everyday social life of the 21st century.

Nubians Are Baganda from Bombo: Unpacking the Luwalo Tax Protests and the Nubian Identity Crisis in Colonial Buganda (1891-1940)

This study challenges the dominant narrative that the 1940 Luwalo tax protests in Buganda were solely a result of the Nubians' militant and uncompromising nature. Instead, it posits that these protests were deeply rooted in unresolved identity issues imposed on the Nubian community by British colonial authorities since their arrival in Uganda in the 1890s. By examining the 1940 protest and the subsequent arrest and imprisonment of Nubian protesters, the research raises critical questions about the politics of colonial identity construction and deconstruction. It investigates why some Nubians resisted the payment of native taxes while others complied, the minimal press coverage of the protests, and the role of colonial tax policies, such as the Luwalo tax, in reshaping Nubian identity. Additionally, the study highlights the often-overlooked role of Nubian women in these protests. A historical research methodology was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary sources, including government documents, colonial correspondences, and newspapers, to uncover the broader socio-political context of the protests. Oral histories, gathered through interviews with 5 surviving Nubian elders and 9 of their descendants, provided valuable insights into identity struggles and the impact of colonial policies. This combination of archival research and oral history offers an elaborate analysis of how colonial tax policies influenced Nubian identity, contributing to the broader narrative of resistance and identity preservation within the community

Tectonic Physical Simulation Experiments: Evolution from Qualitative Exploration to Quantitative Analysis and Future Prospects

This review synthesizes the historical development, research methodologies, and current scientific issues of tectonic physical simulation experiments, while also looking forward to future research directions in the field. Since the early 19th century when James Hall first simulated fold formation, the field has undergone a transition from qualitative studies to quantitative analysis. We analyze key research and technological advancements across the early exploration, mid-term development, and late maturation stages, with a particular focus on the introduction and application of the similarity principles, as well as the incorporation of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in the selection of experimental materials, precise application of similarity principles, and experimental precision. Future research should explore new materials, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the application of big data technology to enhance the accuracy and reliability of simulation experiments.

Adjustments to the Traditional Government System in the Muslim Malay Community of Bungo (1979–2023)

<em>This research is motivated by the changes that occurred in the customary government that survived for many years as social control in Malay society. The purpose of this research is to describe the changes in the customary government system in the muara bungo Islamic Malay community (1979-2023). The research method used is the four stages of historical research methodology, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and writing. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, literature study, and documentation. The results showed that as a social controller in the Malay customary society of Muara Bungo, which lost its role thanks to Law No. 5 of 1979 which changed all the smallest units into village governments. The customary government then disappeared and all the rules and customary devices that had existed after so long. This change then did not bring changes towards progress in the indigenous Malay community of Muara Bungo, it became a setback for the community. The village government only regulates village administration, not regulating the problems that arise in indigenous peoples. The loss of the Customary Chief (Pasirah) made the Malay indigenous community lose guidance, so that community problems could not be resolved by the village government. The increasingly worrying situation made the Jambi Level I regional government move by issuing Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2007 with the intention of restoring the identity, function and role of customary institutions to the community. Rio emerged as the new customary head, to socialize and teach the community the customary rules, and to peacefully resolve customary problems that occurred in the community.</em>

The Nature of Historical Research and Scientometric Methodology

Historiography regularly encounters a crisis. This is mainly due to methodological reasons. History is not a representation of the past based on some archival materials because, firstly, the past is not available, secondly, the past, and therefore the present and the future, cannot be thought anew, and the historical research will not find new facts. New methods are needed to rethink the idea of the past. Recently, indicators of the development of science are in academic journals. Therefore, their analysis will allow through comparison to highlight the lacks of the historiography’s current state and identify the perspectives of their correction.

Kyai Husein Muhammad’s Perspective on Gender Equality in Efforts to Reconstruct Indonesian Women’s Role in the 20th Century

The discourse on women is synonymous with discussions of oppression, violence, discrimination, subordination, and the patriarchal domination over women’s existence. Women seem to lack the space and time to voice their rights like men. Over time, the discourse on gender equality has been advocated by several figures who are aware of the injustices women have experienced. The fate of women in various countries is almost similar, and the women in Indonesia at the beginning of the 20th century also experienced similar challenges. The women’s movement began to emerge, although it was not yet widespread. Towards the end of the 20th century, a prominent Indonesian Muslim feminist figure, Kyai Husein Muhammad, emerged, striving to defend women’s legitimate rights in the public sphere. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive historical approach, using historical research methodology including heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded thatthe general contestation of women’s role in Indonesia at the beginning of the 20th century revealed that many women did not receive their rights on par with men. The women’s movement existed but was still limited. In the mid-20th century, the women’s movement grew, though not yet comprehensive. Towards the end of the 20th century, Indonesian women made significant progress and succeeded in obtaining public space to voice their rights. Kyai Husein became a phenomenal figure thanks to his contributions in advocating for women’s rights, earning him the title of a feminist Kyai. He held the perspective that men and women are equally human. Women are the mothers of humanity, entitled to possess all their human potential in capacities relatively equal to men

KI SAMIN SUROSENTIKO: THE STRUGGLE OF RATU ADIL 1889-1914

The research topic in this study examines the role and autobiography of Ki Samin Surosentiko or Raden Kohar, who was a farmer who became a preacher and messiah in the saminism movement in the period 1889-1914. The teachings of Ageman Adam or Religions of Adam, the concepts of millenarianism, messianism were used to oppose the policy of tax payment and land tenure through the sikep resistance movement the Dutch East Indies Government in Central Java and East Java. This research is a historical research using historical research methodology so that this research aims to reveal historical facts from the perspective of the Dutch East Indies and saminism by using primary historical and newspapers as well as historical records of teaching saminism figures and using the approach of resistance theory and social resistance movement theory. The result of this research is, that Samin Surosentiko is a lineage of Javanese aristocrats who are considered to have charisma, magic, or sekti. Therefore, he is believed to be a messiah or Ratu Adil figure who is believed to bring salvation, revive the glory days of the indigenous people in the past, and can bring freedom from European colonialism. There is a fact that Saminism followers do not always carry out sikep resistance that prioritise the teachings and values preached by Samin Soerosentiko. There was one of the followers of Samin Soerosentiko, named Modongso who fought back with violence due to the arrest of Samin Surosentiko in 1907 by the Dutch East Indies Government.

GUADALCANAL STRATEGIES: LESSONS LEARNED FOR ENHANCING NATUNA'S SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM BY INDONESIAN COAST GUARD

The reconquest of Guadalcanal by U.S troops on 9th February 1943 marked a pivotal moment in reclaiming Pacific islands from Japanese occupation. The strategic conditions of Guadalcanal during the Pacific War era bear similarities to Natuna facing Chinese aggressiveness, particularly regarding the 'Nine Dash Line' claims, which extend to Indonesian waters around Natuna. This research aims to derive lessons from the Japanese defeat at Guadalcanal to emphasize the critical importance of developing a robust surveillance system in Indonesia's outermost regions, especially Natuna. Utilizing a combination of Case Study and Historical Research methodologies, this study identifies strategic parallels between the U.S military actions in Guadalcanal and Chinese actions in the South China Sea. The findings underscore the necessity for the Indonesian Coast Guard (Bakamla RI) to enhance surveillance capabilities in Natuna to safeguard national sovereignty.

Rohingya Migrants In Pakistan: Issues, Challenges, And A Path Forward

As one of the most marginalized groups, the Rohingya are compelled to endure abhorrent conditions within Myanmar. This paper examines in depth, within the framework of the Islamic solidarity paradigm, the social engagement, challenges, and experiences of the Rohingya Muslims presently residing in Pakistan. Because of institutionalized bigotry, the Rohingya population is compelled to seek refuge in several foreign nations, such as Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. This issue is a pervasive global dilemma that is progressively worsening. They are particularly burdened with many obstacles in Pakistan, the most significant of which is their statelessness. The complexity of this issue is compounded by the fact that they are categorized inconsistently by various nations; Bangladesh classifies them as Burmese citizens, whereas Pakistan classifies them as Bengalis. In the current era characterized by globalization and heightened moral awareness, the principles outlined in the United Nations Charter on Human Rights are flagrantly transgressed through protracted periods of statelessness and targeted violence. This encompasses the abominable acts of violence perpetrated by Burmese forces against juveniles, including documented instances of rape and heinous crimes against women and children who were not involved in the conflict. The purpose of this study is to provide information and conduct a meticulously investigation into the current circumstances pertaining to the Rohingya's access to healthcare, employment opportunities, and education in their host countries. Such an investigation aims to offer valuable insights into these matters. The Rohingya population is sadly residing in abject poverty throughout substantial portions of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Consequently, safeguarding their citizenship and fundamental human rights in the nations to which they have recently migrated is of the utmost importance. Moreover, they are granted constitutional and legal protection in Pakistan, which empowers them to participate in national politics in support of their community's interests. By utilizing a qualitative approach, alongside analytical and historical research methodologies, this study effectively investigates these substantial issues.

Unraveling the Threads of Microhistory: Exploring Key Features and Notable Examples

This study aims to comprehensively characterize microhistory as a modern historiographical genre. It examines the key attributes, features, and epistemology of microhistory in relation to conventional historical approaches. By tracing the emergence of microhistory and analyzing sample texts, this research identifies the distinctive elements of microhistorical research. These include a granular focus on marginalized individuals, skepticism toward grand narratives, and a sensory emphasis on material artifacts over abstract facts. The study elucidates how microhistory’s postmodern relativism and localized subjectivity contrast with traditional historiography. While acknowledging microhistory’s unique focus on overlooked experiences, the analysis cautions against overly presentist and emotive reinterpretations of the past. This study maps the philosophical underpinnings and practices of the microhistory movement, clarifying its significance within modern historiography and its potential impact on historical research methodology.

The Regulatory Framework on the Legal Duties of the Stakeholders in Commercial Marine Accidents at Saudi Arabia’s Regional Sea

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is aiming to diversify sources of income, develop the infrastructure of the maritime sector, and enhance interconnection with all transport sectors in the Kingdom; especially that more than 75% of maritime trade is non-oil; the most recent regulated division between the transportation divisions is the Sea Transportation. Until recently, Saudi Arabia was part of some of the international treaties and conventions that are related to the marine sector, and no local laws and regulations were enforced -except for some provisions which are part of laws and regulations that regulate other matters-. That said, the local maritime laws and regulations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were recently issued, and there is some un-clarity and ambiguity regarding the framework that determines the responsibilities of different stakeholders involved in a commercial accident when such an accident occurs on the regional water of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The issue becomes more important when a ship which is not registered or does not hold the Saudi Flag is involved in such an accident. The ambiguity of the framework makes the application of the law complicated, and accommodates negative impacts related to -without limitation-: the time consumed while removing the accident and its effects, the environmental impact on the sea, and decreasing the cost of removing or resolving such accident. The research aims to study the challenges and gaps related to the legal framework of the maritime law when it comes to accidents of commercial ships at the regional water of the Kingdom and the responsibilities of the stakeholders. The research will use the historical and descriptive-analytical doctrinal research methodology. The researcher will find where there is a room to adapt or amend regulations that might help in resolving, seizing, or covering the current gaps and challenges related to the current regulatory framework of the regional sea of Saudi Arabia attributed to the commercial marine accidents.

INTERROGATING THE PERSISTENCE OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE, 2000-2020

Female genital mutilation is also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision which comprises all procedures involving a partial or total removal of the external female genitalia either for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. FGM is a sensitive topic and issue because it cuts across several cultures and needs to be addressed with great care, without affecting people’s feelings as it touches on other people’s cultures. The practice is, therefore, still deeply entrenched in the Nigerian society. Despite efforts to raise awareness of FGM’s medical complications through governmental and non-governmental organizations, the practice persists in some communities, and this makes one ponder on the factors that seem to preserve the practice. This paper using both primary and secondary sources of historical research methodology assesses the socio-cultural and religious factors that contributed to the continuous practice of female genital mutilation in Ilorin despite the international condemnation. In Nigeria, the South-south (77 percent) has the highest incidence of Female Genital Mutilation among adult women, followed by the South-east (68 percent), and the South-west (65 percent). However, it was only lightly practised in the North, surprisingly leaning toward a more extreme form. At the national level, 41 percent of adult women have had Female Genital Mutilation typically carried out by a traditional circumciser using a blade. There was a significant relationship between the persistence of the practice of FGM and social structures, cultural, and religious beliefs. The study shows that the continuous practice of female genital mutilation in Ilorin is not due to ignorance, but a longstanding tradition and religious belief.

The Getty Research Portal: a decade of progress and developments for the future

At its inception in 2012, the Getty Research Portal shattered barriers that previously made digitized resources for art historical research challenging to locate and use without restriction. The Portal's first 10 years were marked by a period of immense growth, forging connections among collections through institutional partnerships. Flexible metadata requirements for contributing to the Portal allows large and small institutions alike to contribute a diverse range of collections but also present ongoing challenges. Work with partner institutions to identify priorities for metadata creation, cataloguing, and imaging has contributed to collection building on a global scale. Various forms of access to Portal materials have been developed alongside collection development efforts to meet new methods in art historical research. Looking to the future, the goals that were set out when the Portal was initiated continue to be the driving force behind what the Portal provides for an ever-evolving field. Ongoing work on the platform is intended to meet the shifting methodology of art historical research through the Portal's established collaborative model and open the door to new questions, new lines of inquiry, and ultimately new conclusions within art history.

THE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES REGARDING THE RUSSIAN GENOCIDE OF UKRAINIANS IN THE ХХ-ХХІ CENTURIES

The purpose of the article is to analyze the evolution of the United States policy toward Ukraine vis-à-vis Russia during three presidential administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Biden, with an emphasis on the genocide of Ukrainians. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the analysis of the genocide of Ukrainians within the context of the century-old Cold War between Russia and the West using primary sources from the American military intelligence archives. Methodology. The author used historical research methodology to collect and triangulate primary and secondary sources and applied critical analysis of the content of governmental reports, archival documents, newspaper articles, and scholarly monographs. Conclusions. For the third time in history, Ukraine has become a battlefield in the geopolitical struggle between Russia and the West. While Woodrow Wilson made «the world safe for democracy», his principle of self-determination did not apply to Ukrainians; thus, Ukraine’s independence was sacrificed for the sake of «Russian unity». The consequences were the Red Terror and Lenin’s famine of 1921–1923 in Ukraine that drowned in blood its national liberation movement. Lenin’s disciple, Joseph Stalin, consolidated the totalitarian system and implemented his predecessor’s policy toward Ukraine which led to physical, biological, and cultural genocide against the largest non-Russian captive nation. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration not only did nothing, but also never acknowledged publicly Stalin’s crimes. American journalists along with politicians participated, albeit indirectly, in the Holodomor denial. The rehabilitation of Stalinism in Russia, revision of the past, and Holodomor denial have led to further escalation of violence on the eve of the ninetieth anniversary of the crime. President Joseph Biden called Russia’s actions in Ukraine a genocide. The next step is to draw a parallel to the Holodomor and respond to that denial by bringing the perpetrators of today’s genocide before an international tribunal to restore the rule of law and justice.

Die Aucissafibeln in der römischen Provinz Pannonia

AbstractThe paper is dealing with 194 Aucissa brooches from 27 sites in the Roman province of Pannonia, based on the results and methodology of international archaeological and historical research. Aucissa fibulae, as costume items, are one of the leading artefacts of the early imperial period, initially used mainly by soldiers (sagum), and are therefore an important archaeological source for the Roman expansion, occupation and Romanisation. In Pannonia 98% of the Aucissa fibulae were recovered from settlements, mainly from the early layers of military forts and later towns. The material of the fibulae is bronze, there is only a single known item being silver-plated. The formal, technological and chronological analysis of the Aucissa fibulae in Pannonia is followed by a costume, historical and archaeological analysis. The Aucissa brooches in Pannonia can be dated from the beginning of the 1st century A.D. to the first decades of the 2nd century A.D. The earliest types (subtypes A242.1,2,3) are found in military forts along the Roman expansion trail. The Aucissa brooches come from the areas of the East–West military expansion route (the Drava-Save interfluve, Siscia, Sirmium, Gomolava), the North–South expansion route to the Danube (Amber Road, Salla, Savaria, Carnuntum) and the Danube limes (Brigetio, Matrica, Rittium). The smaller number of later types of fibulae (subtypes A242.4,5,6) found in the interior of the province of Pannonia (vici) indicates a process of Romanisation of the local population (Bátaszék, Csákberény, Mezőörs). The Aucissa brooches can also refer to cultural and trade relations with the Barbaricum (Púchov culture); they can indicate the movement of the Roman army (Devín, Mušov) and also the mobility of people (Veresegyház, Szeged). In some places Aucissa brooches later appeared in the clothing of civilians and women (Emona).

“New Pearl Harbor” and US Digital Media 2001‑2002

The research topic is aimed at studying the means, methods and techniques of updating the metaphor “New Pearl Harbor” in the US foreign policy discourse. Analysis of the evolution of this metaphor in the US media in the 21st century allows us to talk about the formation of a special phenomenon of the socio-political life of the United States, the reconstruction and explanation of which is not possible within the framework of the traditional methodology of historical research, but requires an interdisciplinary approach based on historical imagology. The importance and significance of this metaphor is shown by the fact that in every foreign policy crisis, in every new threat, in every aggravation of the international situation, the metaphor “Pearl Harbor” was used in the United States. The metaphor “New Pearl Harbor” and its variation “Russian Pearl Harbor” is an important element of US foreign policy discourse and contemporary research. As a result of the research, it was established that the metaphor “New Pearl Harbor” is used both for “internal consumption” (political discourse) and for the external one. Moreover, in the 21st century, this metaphor very often arises in the coverage and analysis of contemporary Russian-American relations. The article shows the evolution of the “New Pearl Harbor” metaphor in the US digital media. Digital media in the United States reacted most quickly to changes in the use of the “New Pearl Harbor” metaphor. The article is intended for political scientists, historians and journalists.

UNVEILING MUGHAL MINIATURES: TREASURES OF PUDUCHERRY'S ECOLE FRANCAISE D'EXTRÊME-ORIENT

Puducherry, one of India's storied historic cities, is the custodian of a vast collection of ancient paintings, miniatures, sculptures, historical artifacts and more. These treasures are meticulously preserved within government offices, museums, art galleries and hotels. This research project narrows its focus to a select group of Mughal period miniatures drawn from this rich and diverse cultural reservoir.The Ecole Francaise d'Extrême-Orient, a renowned French research institute, is located on Rue Dumas Street in Puducherry and is fully dedicated to the thorough investigation of Indian culture, history and society. The institution was established in Puducherry in 1950 and it houses paintings, miniatures, sculptures and antiques in its basement. It is believed to contain about 35 priceless paintings. This amazing collection includes a wide range of artistic genres and materials, from paper and ivory to wooden frames, metal plates and even terracotta surfaces. Among these artworks, the most notable are the ivory miniatures dating back to the Mughal period."The researcher's objective is to examine five specific portraits featuring three-quarter busts of women and love scenes within these ivory Mughal miniature paintings. These artworks offer a concise yet profound glimpse into the rich tapestry of Indian culture and heritage. The depiction of women's attire showcases the diversity and elegance inherent in Indian fashion, while the portrayal of love scenes celebrates the cultural significance of romance and emotional connections, thus emphasizing India's deep-rooted cultural traditions. The meticulous detailing within these works underscores the exceptional artistry of Indian artisans, while the expressions and postures of the depicted characters provide valuable insights into the societal norms and values of the era. In essence, these miniature paintings encapsulate the multifaceted essence of Indian heritage."Employing a rigorous combination of fieldwork and historical research methodologies, this research endeavor seeks to illuminate the origins, historical contexts, aesthetic attributes, stylistic intricacies and technical craftsmanship inherent in these Mughal era miniatures. Additionally, this study aspires to unveil the intricate tradition, dynamic evolution and profound cultural significance embodied by this cherished art form.

Historical Research on Otaq Culture in Sindh

This research paper delves deeply into the captivating world of Otaq culture in Sindh, aims to illuminate its enduring significance across historical epochs and in contemporary times. Otaq culture, deeply ingrained in the ethos of Sindh, is a testament to the cherished traditions of hospitality, camaraderie, and culinary excellence. It transcends boundaries of color, race and welcomes all with open arms. The study conducts an extensive investigation and offers a comprehensive historical perspective on Otaq culture. Significantly, it pioneers academic exploration into Darya Khan Otaq (a focal point of researchers' inquiry). Employing a robust historical research methodology relies on a rich reservoir of secondary data, meticulously collected from reputable sources including peer-reviewed journals and newspapers. The innovative dimension of this research lies in its aspiration to uncover previously uncharted facets of Otaq culture. Thus, lays the foundation for further exploration. Furthermore, it catalyzes future research, encourages scholars to explore the diverse facets of Otaq culture and fosters academic exploration. Lastly, the findings of the study provide invaluable insights into the enduring influence of Otaq culture on Sindhi society, offers a historical lens through which its contemporary manifestations can be understood as a journey from past to the present.

STRATEGI POLITIK EMMANUEL MACRON DALAM MEMENANGKAN SUARA MUSLIM DI PEMILU PRANCIS 2017

ABSTRACT 
 One third of Muslims in the European Union are in France. The development of Muslims in France is inseparable from Muslim immigrants from predominantly Muslim countries such as Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria. Islam is the second largest religion in France. So it can be one of the factors to win elections in France if candidates can win the hearts and votes of Muslims in France. This article will explain Emmanuel Macron's political strategy towards Muslims in France in the 2017 elections. The purpose of this research is to provide political views and effective political strategies to win the sympathy of Muslims in minority countries in Europe. The methodology used in writing this research is historical research methodology and in this research, researchers focus on library sources or library research, which is research that reveals facts through library data. The search results from various scientific studies reveal that in 2017 Emmanuel Macron won a landslide victory in the French elections defeating Le Pen with a presentation of 66.10 quoted from the Vie Punlique page published by the French Government's Department of Legal Information and Administration. and won the hearts of Muslim votes with a presentation of 92%. The strategy made by Emmanuel Macron was to make his image very good in front of French Muslims with his speeches during the election depicting that he was pro-Muslim and could provide a better life for French Muslims
 KEYWORDS
 Emmanuel Macron, French Muslims, political strategic