History Of Relations Research Articles

Time Never Regained: Film, Memory and History in Mila Turajlić’s Labudović Reels

Abstract The article reviews the documentary film diptych The Labudović Reels by film-maker Mila Turajlić. Based on her archival work at the Filmske Novosti production company, Turajlić discovers the legacy of hitherto unknown cinematographer Stevan Labudović. Both films are hybrid documentaries that combine archive footage with interview-style documentary, and both focus on two intertwined thematic cycles – Labudović’s coverage of the Algerian war of independence (1959–1961) and the first summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (1960–1961). Conceptually, Turajlić’s films engage thought-provoking matrixes, among them Pierre Nora’s lieux de memoire and, more especially, Walter Benjamin’s reflections on historical progress. This review finds that the implementation of the latter blurs the boundary between the critique of the idea of progress and historical relativism, which leads to the confusing presence of mutually exclusive voices in Turajlić’s film, one calling for the reappropriation of the past, and another calling that same past into question.

EXAMINING THE ROLE OF SOFT POWER IN TÜRKİYE AND INDIA’S RELATIONS WITH AFGHANISTAN

This article explores how the soft power of Türkiye and India has been playing significant roles in their relationship with Afghanistan in the post-9/11 incident. After the US-led invasion of the Taliban in 2001, Türkiye, which has no land border with Afghanistan, engaged as a NATO stakeholder for post-war peacebuilding in the country. Türkiye also pursued non-military engagement through humanitarian and cultural institutions and achieved the confidence of the Afghan people. On the other hand, a diverse-natured regime at the doorstep, as well as the bitter relationship with Pakistan, triggered India to approach Afghanistan closely. India utilised its ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy through sheer civilian participation in delivering humanitarian aid and collaborating in educational and cultural fields, significantly strengthening its relationship with Afghanistan. However, the Taliban’s takeover of power has narrowed India’s engagement while Türkiye’s engagement has increased, though non-militarily, having significant impacts on both countries’ relationships with Afghanistan. This study, firstly, conceptualises the term ‘soft power.’ Secondly, it explains Türkiye’s historical relations with Afghanistan and the role of soft power after 9/11 to consolidate the relations. Thirdly, it explains India’s historical relations with Afghanistan and the role of soft power in expanding the relations after 9/11. Then, the article compares the roles of soft power by state and non-state actors of Türkiye with those of India in developing their relations with Afghanistan and the challenges and prospects that Türkiye and India may face in the future.

A macro-nationalist periodical for a new Europe? Franco-Italian exchanges and Latin Renaissance in Cronache della civiltà elleno-latina (1902–1907)

This article focuses on the discourse on pacifism and Latinity in the Italian periodical Cronache della civiltà elleno-latina (1902–1907), founded by Angelo De Gubernatis. Under the leadership of Crispi in the 1880s and 1890s, Italy embraced expansionism, colonialism, and pro-German attitudes, which strained its relations with France. In stark contrast to this militarism, the Cronache championed a vision of Italy rooted in liberal and democratic ideals. The periodical advocated for a peaceful international order to enhance Italy’s position in modernity. In doing so, it proposed an anti-belligerent macro-nationalism based on the dissemination of the values of Latinity: harmony, peace, and order. Specifically, I analyze how the periodical used the historical relations between France and Italy to construct a myth of a new Latin Renaissance. This Renaissance envisioned a profound epochal transformation, a new beginning in European history characterized by peace, unity, and solidarity among Europe’s nations.

Environmental technology and traditional knowledge as a way to preserve the water resources of the Pataxó in the Jaqueira Village in Porto Seguro (BA)

Even with all the advances in environmental sciences, traditional knowledge cannot be neglected, therefore, traditional populations deserve and must be consulted when it comes to protecting the natural elements of a landscape. Biodiversity is treated differently between capitalist society and traditional societies. The difference is that traditional people have respect for nature and everything it represents in their lives. In this way, indigenous communities are extremely important for the study of environmental conservation. The research we are developing, which gave rise to this article, aims to contribute to the analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics of the water of the Itinga River, transferring technology through citizen science, so that the Pataxó People can monitor the river through the continuity of its historical cultural relationship, adding technology to its advantage. The text shows the need and possibility of building bridges between scientific knowledge and the traditional knowledge of the Pataxó People in Porto Seguro/BA. We believe in technology transfer as part of citizenship.

A survey of route recommendations: Methods, applications, and opportunities

Nowadays, with advanced information technologies deployed citywide, large data volumes and powerful computational resources are intelligentizing modern city development. As an important part of intelligent transportation, route recommendation and its applications are widely used, directly influencing citizens’ travel habits. Developing smart and efficient travel routes based on big data (possibly multi-modal) has become a central challenge in route recommendation research. Our survey offers a comprehensive review of route recommendation work based on urban computing. It is organized by the following three parts: (1) Methodology-wise. We categorize a large volume of classic methods and modern deep learning methods. Also, we discuss their historical relations and reveal the edge-cutting progress. (2) Application-wise. We present numerous novel applications related to route commendation within urban computing scenarios. (3) We discuss current problems and challenges and envision several promising research directions. We believe that this survey can help relevant researchers quickly familiarize themselves with the current state of route recommendation research and then direct them to future research trends.

Bread for today, hunger for tomorrow. Social impacts of community development agreements in the North of Chile

Negotiations and Community Development Agreements (CDA) are a problematic feature in light of indigenous culture because they give the green light to territorial destruction by mining, but also mean the possibility to build other adaptive capacities of an already damaged indigenous culture. Thus, this paper describes some of the effects of negotiation and CDA for indigenous and the corporate sector. While mining companies are trying to obtain their Social License, indigenous communities are forging life projects with the financial support of mining. While the former, is part of the general discourse of CSR as a new version of capitalists’ engagement with local communities, indigenous groups are deploying different strategies to improve their position in an unfavorable institutional scenario. The key hypothesis of this work is that indigenous life in the North needs to be understood in their deep historical relationship with the Chilean State, and -since regaining of democracy- with the mining companies.

The Rise and Fall of Israel’s Anti-Apartheid Policy: The Case of Israel’s Relations with the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) During the 1960s

ABSTRACT In contrast to the strained relationship between Israel and South Africa’s anti-apartheid movements in recent decades, the 1960s witnessed Israel actively championing an anti-apartheid stance. From the early 1960s onwards, various anti-apartheid groups sought assistance from Israel in their fight against white supremacy, viewing the Jewish State as a natural ally in their struggle against racism. This led to the formation of a relationship between Israel and the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), a significant development often overlooked in contemporary historical narratives. Despite its brevity – spanning less than a decade – this alliance offers valuable insights into African nationalism and its interaction with global Cold War dynamics, while also shedding light on Israel’s multifaceted engagement in Africa. This article aims to reconstruct this historical relationship in detail, emphasizing its significance in elucidating the intricate connections between the Arab-Israeli conflict and the racial conflict in South Africa during the 1960s.

Mapping the Literature on the Relationship between Indonesia and Chile as Non-Traditional Partners

Indonesia and Chile formed a comprehensive trade cooperation called the Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IC-CEPA). Empirically, the relationship between Indonesia and Chile is not strong, so it is interesting to see how are the dynamics of the relationship between the two countries which are non-traditional partners but established comprehensive trade cooperation. Therefore, this literature review found 25 literatures that have discussed the dynamics of the relationship between Indonesia and Chile. This literature review maps the literature using the taxonomy method into three main topics, namely (1) the historical relationship between Indonesia and Chile, (2) the political relationship between Indonesia and Chile, (3) the economic relationship between Indonesia and Chile. This literature review found that the relationship between Indonesia and Chile in various fields shows a fluctuating trend because they still focus on traditional partners, the relationship between the two countries is pragmatic, lack of political will, and lack of information about each other's characteristics.

Phyto-pharmacology of Most Common Indian Culinary Spices and their Potential in Developing New Pharmaceutical Therapies

Background:Culinary spices and Indian kitchens share a historical relationship for centuries. An average Indian kitchen contains a lot of spices like fennel, cardamom, cumin, turmeric, clove, black pepper, etc., used to increase the aroma and taste of food. Scientific research suggested the pharmacological activities of these kitchen spices, as most of them enhance the appetite, digestion, and have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and some spices are potent anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity. Some Culinary spices are unexplored scientifically.Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the presently explored spices and some unexplored spices which might be used in certain parts of the world to enhance the flavor and could have medicinal benefits, studying their pharmacological actions in controlling or managing diseases.Methods:Numerous surveys in literature were done in response to determining the culinary spices used commonly in Indian kitchens and also some rare spices which might be used in certain parts of the world for their pharmacological, and traditional uses, their chemical constituents having pharmacological activities. Relevant peer-reviewed publications were searched through various databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, etc.Results:A total of 11 common culinary spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, etc. are studied regarding their common kitchen role, traditional uses, and their explored pharmacological activities, and 11 other spices like Alpinia galanga, Prunus mahaleb, Grain of Paradise, etc., which are used in some parts of the world having medicinal properties are also studied. The chemical constituents of these plants are also studied which could be responsible for their medicinal activity.Conclusion:In this review, an approach was made to study the common culinary spices and other culinary spices which might not be most common, having medicinal properties, so that better treatment options could be available for future generations.

From object to objectified: The ongoing precarity of Black bodies in institutional spaces

This article examines the precarity of Black bodies in institutional spaces, particularly the detrimental impact on the career of the Black arts practitioner. Ongoing systemic discrimination within institutional sites, as experienced by Black artists, scholars and curators, can be traced to the problematic historical relationship of the Black body to the exhibitionary complex. The continued performative spectacularization of Blackness in institutional settings, as in the cases of Artists Space in 1979 and the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design in 2021, highlights the difficulty for Black professionals invested in decolonial work to unsettle this misrepresentation without the risk of repercussions. In each case study, institutional responses to claims of racial discrimination illuminate their negation of the Black experience and the consequence to Black practitioners of questioning and activating against systemic inequities within these sites. To address the topic in an honest and scholarly manner, this article includes references to histories of colonial violence, as well as examples of harmful racial slurs exacted in response to the concerns of Black practitioners. In so doing, this article is an act of decentring imperialist research methods’ and engages an alternative method for exploring deeply sensitive narratives in a rigid institutional structure.

Māori kai sovereignty to achieve food security

The FAO states that the term food sovereignty focuses on food for the people by placing people’s need for food at the centre of policies and insists that food is more than just a commodity. Food Sovereignty also promotes knowledge and skills by building on traditional knowledge; using research to support and pass on this knowledge to future generations; and rejecting technologies that undermine local food systems. It is essentially a movement that “recognizes that control over the food system needs to remain in the hands of producers, and is clearly focused primarily on small-scale agriculture of a non-industrial nature, preferably organic”(1). In Māori terms, Kai Sovereignty is drawn first from the relationship of foods to our needs; it is expressed through whakapapa, and has an overarching contribution to food security. Traditional foods abound in Aotearoa. The relationships are longstanding, expressive and contribute to our wellbeing in various ways(2). But the true cultural value of traditional foods is diminishing as new foods, lifestyles and experiences succeed them. Kai sovereignty therefore is at risk of being relegated to historical discourse. The FAO acknowledgement of the intergenerational role of traditional knowledge to support food sovereignty aligns well to the Māori experience. This knowledge covers a myriad of food relationships including foraging, producing, harvesting, processing, cooking and manaakitanga. We are in a renaissance period that seeks to rediscover our relationship with the pātaka, the food store. So much knowledge has been lost, but much also remains. How we draw that together in a way that acknowledges the whakapapa or historical relationship alongside the present and future. The right to achieving kai sovereignty is yet to be properly understood within our communities. The first steps lie in the knowledge space; sharing and acknowledgement of our food traditions before they are lost or misinterpreted.

Keeping a Trust-Network amidst Challenges: Turkish-Japanese Relations

The historical relations between Turkey and Japan have roots that go back to more than a century as the longest and most stable relationship that Turkey has had with an Asian country. Since the 19th century, the acceleration of communication between countries and societies due to globalization has brought the interaction between Turkey and Asian countries and societies closer. Japanese-Turkish relations stand out among them for their continued amicable relations which has served both societies in times of crises. Moreover, Japanese relations have grown in recent years to become a significant strategic partnership that encompasses deepening relations in political, military, economic, social, and cultural spheres.

From Ottoman Outreach to Modern Connections: Türkiye-Malaysia Relations

Southeast Asia was known to the classical Islamic world as a region of trade and burgeoning local Muslim communities from the earliest decades of the Islamic era. By the 16th century direct diplomatic connections were established between the local communities and the Ottoman Caliphate and this significant historical relationship is crucial for understanding the dynamics between the Western and Eastern Islamic worlds. Relations persisted until the First World War, after which the Republic of Türkiye emerged as the successor to the Ottoman Empire and interactions were more limited until Malaysia’s independence in 1957, after which a new phase of relations began, and by the 1990s, the relationship between Malaysia and Türkiye had rebounded. This study aims to explore the historical and contemporary relations between Turks and Malays based on primary sources, including Ottoman and Turkish archives, as well as Bahasa Melayu and English materials.

History of Kazakh, Chinese and Russian Relations (XVIII-XIX centuries)

Relevance. This article delves into the intricate historical relations between Kazakh tribes, the Russian Empire, and China during the XVIII-XIX centuries, shedding light on diplomatic, trade, and social dynamics pivotal to understanding contemporary geopolitics in the region. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze the multifaceted relationships between the Kazakh tribes, the Russian Empire, and China during the XVIII-XIX centuries. Methodology. This research employs a historical analytical approach, utilizing both theoretical and methodological literature to construct a detailed narrative of the period of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Archival data and primary sources are systematically analyzed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the findings. Results. This research article examines the history of the Kazakh tribes' contacts with the Russian Empire and China in the first half of the XVIII-XIX centuries, encompassing diplomatic, trade, and social development, among other things. For this purpose, the article considers this period as an object of study and analyzes it based on the theoretical and methodological literature, the scientific circulation of archival data, the chronological order of events in a scientific manner. In addition, the research examines the Tsarist Russian Empire's military-administrative actions in the Kazakh steppes from the middle of the XIX century, as well as the deliberate operations of prominent Kazakh sultans such as Ablai. This article describes the Qin Empire's interaction with prominent Kazakh sultans and other powerful persons in order to capture the eastern half of Kazakhstan and the Altai Territory, as well as its ambitions. Conclusions. The article identifies the importance of the participation of local Kazakhs in the above-mentioned region in foreign trade between Russia and China on a regular basis, its economic efficiency and importance. Therefore, it very important to study such important topics through theoretical and methodological justification and publish it as a scientific article in international publications. Keywords: international relations; historical research; historical essay; archival research; diplomacy

The Sanskrit Paradigm of Tamil Grammar: Embrace and Resistance

This paper is about the historical relationship between the grammars of Sanskrit and Tamil and the debates around that relationship. The debates are between the grammarians and commentators on grammars, not of Sanskrit but of Tamil. It is thus limited to one linguistic community. This is a result of the asymmetrical bilingualism of the Tamil-speaking grammarians and the Sanskrit-speaking grammarians. Their many other relationships, religious, literary, etc. are also asymmetrical in the sub-continental perspective. The regional perspective of Tamil about the relationship of Tamil to Sanskrit is different but is not constant and varies according to the period and its language ideology.

Ultra-short-term operation situation prediction method of active distribution network based on convolutional neural network long short term memory

The large-scale and high-permeability access of distributed generations (DGs) is making the distribution networks develop into active distribution networks (ADNs). The increasing complexity of the structure of ADNs also increases the vulnerabilities for cyberattacks. To accurately predict the operation situation of ADNs no matter whether cyberattacks occurred, this paper proposes an ultra-short-term operation situation prediction method of ADNs based on CNN-LSTM. Firstly, an ADNs situation prediction index system is established, which can comprehensively evaluate the future operation situation of ADNs from different perspectives. Secondly, a multi-feature data reconstruction method based on the time sliding window algorithm is proposed, which is utilized for constructing 2-dimensional matrix and as input datasets for multiple independent CNN-LSTM models to predict each situation prediction index. Then, there are 8 independent CNN-LSTM models shared same input matrix to predict 8 ADNs situation prediction index value without interfering with each other. Among them, CNN is used to extract the spatial correlation feature vectors of ADNs historical operation data and meteorological factor data in ultra-short term, which are reconstructed in time series and used as the input data of LSTM. LSTM is used to extract long-term historical temporal relationship to obtain ADNs operation situation prediction index value. Finally, we utilize the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to calculate the future operation situation of ultra-short-term ADNs. Taking a real ADNs with 33-node as an example, we compared our proposed methodology to other existing excellent machine learning-based models, the result demonstrates that our proposed prediction method exhibits outstanding performance in time consumption and prediction accuracy.

Analyzing the Role of Cross Border Trade Policies in Facilitating Pak- Afghan Trade Post –Taliban

With the war in Afghanistan spanning over 13 years coming to an inconclusive end, the three multiple transition processes (security, political and economic) have begun. Afghan security forces are assuming greater responsibility and leadership in the country along with the formation of a new political setup. Despite gains from the last decade, Afghanistan continues to be challenged by a plethora of problems, and is far from being stable. Afghanistan will continue to present challenges to the international community, its region and its neighboring states, particularly Pakistan. Given its proximity to Afghanistan and its involvement in the war against terrorism (now referred to as the ‘overseas contingency operations’), Pakistan is perhaps the most important regional player that has always been directly affected by events in that country. Although the challenges Afghanistan faces are domestic in nature, they have a direct impact on Pakistan as they, among others, stem from the porous nature of the Pak-Afghan border. Therefore, in such a scenario, a macro-level assessment of security risks that Pakistan may face in the aftermath of the withdrawal is essential. The main objective of the current investigation are to analyze the role of cross border policies in facilitating Pak-Afghan Trade Post- Taliban. Qualitative research methodology adapted to intricate dynamics of Pak-Afghan relations, particularly in the context of security and defense. These methodology included content analysis on refugees, security agreements, trade policies, defense strategies and shed light on the multifaceted aspects of this complex relationship. During study detail explores the historic relations among both countries and how ties up such security issues of post 9/11. Pakistan decided to support the U.S. policy of war on terrorism and this meant Pakistan officially went to war against the Taliban. Pakistan's goal is to see a stable Afghanistan, but if the U.S. would withdraw its forces, elements in Pakistan might once again be tempted to favor the Pashtuns in the governance of Afghanistan.

Religion in Shaping Gender Inequality

The uncial form of distribution in any explanatory part of differentiation that relies on gender inequality is also surfaced by embedded variation of religious perspectives. The rest of the cultural and historical relationship often subordinated the gender concept that created inequalities in the analysis of various forms with majority of inhabitant affiliated to religious identity. The rafter to study the respective religious and cultural historical relationship in, admitting how complex the issue is for any religion, embedding with gender inequality and the violence towards women or irrespective of any criminal mind, that creates a different effect on cultural Legacy. Thereafter, the geographic location also influences the form of social and economic direction towards the politics to bring-forth the outcome of any interpretative religious institution that shows the complex benefit that gender inequality have towards polity and how negative impact towards economy social and democratic progress throughout universe. Thereafter, this paper processes to understand the influence of any institutional rules and values and norms that reciprocate gender inequality and violence or violation of Human Rights on perspective of religious confluence, and influence towards the social organisation to diversify the selected assumption of gender inequality. This paper treats the significance of religious concept of recent changes into the status of women, through various data with analytical process of observing religious structure and how it determined the empirical method of research work to indicate both positive and negative aspect of the decreased or enhanced status of women that created by religious identity. Primarily with the ceremonies and positions during the disposition of patriarchal society that are triggered and created revolutions and rebels among the communities of various possibility of relationship with theism, or sex ratio, or differences into the female literacy rate, or thereafter women being enrolled into various higher education, or how the parliamentary form of decision-making process came into the action where women started including their perception on casting votes. Thus, the paper correlates the analysis and observes the conservative and the subjective assertion of any correlation with the empirical data and traditional influence over economic development. Those results showing the status of women into the various gender unequal situation with the sex ratio or rather correlated understanding of how the productive analysis towards gross domestic product, and national income if socio-economic factor is taken in account. This paper will further include certain key realm on how the religious impact often get stronger in connection with various economic-religious nexus of analytical process that perform the economic growth of any tension model. The neighbouring countries also get through spillovers, that creates the inequality more stronger regarding the boundaries that are being made with responsibilities of creating a modern society. The reference is then review of literature included the various traditional forms of understanding the theories of Inglehart and Norris, Klingorová, Verveer and others to conclude the mentioned assumption and understanding of the matters in concern through qualitative analysis.

Françoise Dolto Between Relational Thinking and Freudian Metapsychology

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to present the work of the French child psychoanalyst Françoise Dolto (1908–1988) and to explore possible contributions to current debates in relational psychoanalysis. We present the historical and conceptual relationship between relational psychoanalysis and French psychoanalysis. Within this context, we will discuss certain key concepts (e.g., unconscious body image, need and desire, symbolic castrations) of Dolto who, in our view, provides an intersubjective understanding of the unconscious that resembles current relational approaches such as Jessica Benjamin’s theory of recognition. We shall discuss Dolto’s embodied understanding of the unconscious and the role of language and intercorporeal resonance and will compare it to Benjamin’s relational approach.

"Grandparents for the Next Generation"

Paul Kei Matsuda (1999) has written about the divide between U.S. composition and applied linguistics, which he attributes to an institutionalization of the division of labour between Applied Linguistics and composition in the early 1960’s. As such, when language concerns resurfaced in composition in the early-2000s, this division of labour led to a “lack of a community of knowledgeable peers who [could] ensure intellectual accountability” among compositionists (Matsuda 2013). Did this same divide occur in a Canadian context, or has the field of second language writing developed differently in Canada? The goal of this paper is to construct a history of L2 writing scholarship, reading for any collaboration with writing studies as both fields “grew up” together in Canada. To this end, the paper extends the work of Alister Cumming who narrates the evolution of L2 writing scholarship in Canada. Using data from Cumming’s “Studies of Second-Language Writing in Canada: Three Generations,” this paper reports findings from archival research that traces the publication history of key knowledge-workers (identified by Cumming) from the 80s to the 2000s. These findings tell a story about how L2 writing developed as a field in Canada and the ways it was influenced by fields like education and applied linguistics. Ultimately, these findings contribute to the broader narrative of how L2 writing has professionalized in Canadian higher education. By investigating the historic formation of L2 writing in Canada, scholars, writing instructors, and writing program administrators can draw on historic relations to create writing pedagogy that best meets the needs of an increasingly linguistically diverse writing classroom.