Historical Record Research Articles

Indias y blancas. Rostros femeninos de la conquista y colonización del Chaco boliviano (siglo XIX)

These pages explore the generally unknown experiences of Creole and Indigenous women during the conquest and colonisation of the Bolivian Chaco during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. They accomplish so by examining women’s actions in several environments: war, the hacienda, military forts, sugar mills and the Franciscan missions. Although they are not quite prominent in the historical record, a careful analysis of these scenarios show that women were active agents of the colonisation of the Chaco and, perhaps above all, significant agents of mediation between two antagonistic worlds.

Religion-making in South Asia: An interstitial perspective

The study of ‘Hinduism’ in contemporary academia has generated considerable controversy. Many scholars have argued that the idea of a single ancient religion is difficult to substantiate based on the historical record. A common alternative position is that Hinduism is a colonial construct, without well-defined historical antecedents. This paper contributes to a scholarly middle ground, which provides an empirically based yet still contingent analysis of the evolution of ‘Hinduism’, by drawing on evidence from the Sikh tradition. In doing so, it also draws on approaches which interpret Islam as a discursive tradition, subject to contestable representations, shaped by conditions of knowledge and power, as well as by collective aspirations. Sikh attempts at self-definition included distinguishing their tradition from the two larger, pre-existing traditions of Muslims and Hindus in an explicit and self-conscious manner. In doing so, Sikh leaders recognised ‘Hindu’ as a religious category to some degree, well before the colonial period.

Interactive Hierarchical Timeline for Collaborative Text Negotiation in Historical Records.

Visualizing event timelines for collaborative text writing is an important application for navigating and understanding such data, as time passes and the size and complexity of both text and timeline increase. They are often employed by applications such as code repositories and collaborative text editors. In this paper, we present a visualization tool to explore historical records of writing of legislative texts, which were discussed and voted on by an assembly of representatives. Our visualization focuses on event timelines from text documents that involve multiple people and different topics, allowing for observation of different proposed versions of said text or tracking data provenance of given text sections, while highlighting the connections between all elements involved. We also describe the process of designing such a tool alongside domain experts, with three steps of evaluation being conducted to verify the effectiveness of our design.

Re-establishing the Reality of the Women-only Amazon Societies by Integrating the Evidence from the Historical Record

Re-establishing the Reality of the Women-only Amazon Societies by Integrating the Evidence from the Historical Record

John Witherspoon and Slavery

Like many of the American Founders, Witherspoon was influential and successful in several different pursuits. We are right to remember him as an important Christian pastor, as an American patriot, and as Princeton's first great president. The question we must ask, then, is whether this man and his accomplishments are rendered suspect, or at least made moot, because of one issue: slavery. On the one hand there is much in what Witherspoon said and did that shows him to be an opponent of slavery. While a pastor in Scotland, he baptized a runaway slave belonging to one of the leading members of his church. Later at Princeton, Witherspoon gladly taught free Blacks. His stated opinions—in writing and in lectures—were uniformly against slavery. He voiced objections to mistreating slaves and urged masters to instruct their slaves and equip them for future freedom. On the other hand, Witherspoon owned slaves. For many, that's all we need to know to denounce Witherspoon as self-serving hypocrite. Yet, we should look more closely at the historical record. Until now, Witherspoon has been condemned as an enslaver on mainly one piece of paper: an inventory prepared after his death that listed among his property two slaves. Even this line has not been quoted in its entirety or considered alongside the other contemporaneous account of his possessions. The full record needs a fuller explanation. Despite his flaws, there is little doubt that Witherspoon was, on the whole, more enlightened on the issue of slavery than many of his generation, and less personally complicit in the evils of slavery than many of our country's most celebrated founders.

Enhancing Predictive Models to Lower Rehospitalization Risk: Utilizing Historical Medical Records for AI-Driven Interventions

Enhancing Predictive Models to Lower Rehospitalization Risk: Utilizing Historical Medical Records for AI-Driven Interventions

MedDiffusion: Boosting Health Risk Prediction via Diffusion-based Data Augmentation.

Health risk prediction aims to forecast the potential health risks that patients may face using their historical Electronic Health Records (EHR). Although several effective models have developed, data insufficiency is a key issue undermining their effectiveness. Various data generation and augmentation methods have been introduced to mitigate this issue by expanding the size of the training data set through learning underlying data distributions. However, the performance of these methods is often limited due to their task-unrelated design. To address these shortcomings, this paper introduces a novel, end-to-end diffusion-based risk prediction model, named MedDiffusion. It enhances risk prediction performance by creating synthetic patient data during training to enlarge sample space. Furthermore, MedDiffusion discerns hidden relationships between patient visits using a step-wise attention mechanism, enabling the model to automatically retain the most vital information for generating high-quality data. Experimental evaluation on four real-world medical datasets demonstrates that MedDiffusion outperforms 14 cutting-edge baselines in terms of PR-AUC, F1, and Cohen's Kappa. We also conduct ablation studies and benchmark our model against GAN-based alternatives to further validate the rationality and adaptability of our model design. Additionally, we analyze generated data to offer fresh insights into the model's interpretability. The source code is available via https://shorturl.at/aerT0.

Exploitation of Historical Analog Seismological Records by Image Processing and Machine Learning

Exploitation of Historical Analog Seismological Records by Image Processing and Machine Learning

Leveraging Historical Medical Records as a Proxy via Multimodal Modeling and Visualization to Enrich Medical Diagnostic Learning.

Simulation-based Medical Education (SBME) has been developed as a cost-effective means of enhancing the diagnostic skills of novice physicians and interns, thereby mitigating the need for resource-intensive mentor-apprentice training. However, feedback provided in most SBME is often directed towards improving the operational proficiency of learners, rather than providing summative medical diagnoses that result from experience and time. Additionally, the multimodal nature of medical data during diagnosis poses significant challenges for interns and novice physicians, including the tendency to overlook or over-rely on data from certain modalities, and difficulties in comprehending potential associations between modalities. To address these challenges, we present DiagnosisAssistant, a visual analytics system that leverages historical medical records as a proxy for multimodal modeling and visualization to enhance the learning experience of interns and novice physicians. The system employs elaborately designed visualizations to explore different modality data, offer diagnostic interpretive hints based on the constructed model, and enable comparative analyses of specific patients. Our approach is validated through two case studies and expert interviews, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing medical training.

The Concept and Practice of Democracy in Zimbabwe: A Call for Consensual Democracy

With the coming of independence, a new form of governance: majoritarian democracy was adopted in Zimbabwe just as it was suggested as the best in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. The British rule that influenced the adoption of majoritarian democracy in Zimbabwe argued that it enables transparency and fosters checks and balances on corruption. We argue that, in a democratic system, functioning from a majoritarian perspective, there ought to be space of enjoying freedoms and rights. There ought to be sufficient representation and contribution of citizens in democratic procedures and organisations. For many, a good democratic system should speak to their bread and butter issues: their socio-economic well-being. However, these have not been enjoyed by the masses in Zimbabwe. The political atmosphere is a sad one; politics is practised for the sake of gaining power and controlboth in the ruling and opposition parties, something that is immanent in multiparty under majoritarian democracy. This study seeks to outline these ills and address them with a suggestion of embracing consensual democracy as it was conceptualised by Kwasi Wiredu. The central argument is that democratisation has failed due to a well curated system that seem to prioritise rivalry in politics as opposed to nation building. The study suggests that consensual democracy can address persistent political ills in contemporary Zimbabwe and build a unified and prosperous nation. The essential tenets that can enable this emanate from a historical record of political thought in indigenous Zimbabwe, characterised by the conceptualisation of rational deliberation in decision-making and inclusiveness: a consensual system in politics.

Hazard Zoning of Harmful Algal Bloom Disasters in Zhejiang Coastal Waters Using GIS: 1933-2021

The coastal waters of Zhejiang Province in China experience a high incidence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). It is therefore important to carry out hazard zoning to prevent and mitigate these HAB disasters. According to the historical record data of HAB disasters from 1933 to 2021, the frequency, duration, area and algal toxicity of HAB occurrences can be used as evaluation indicators. A method for hazard zoning of HAB disasters and a method for verifying the rationality of the zoning results are proposed. The hazard zoning results of HAB disasters in the coastal waters of Zhejiang from 1933 to 2021 (H1933-2021) show that very-high hazard degree areas of coastal waters of Zhejiang Province were found in Shengshan waters, the eastern waters of Zhujiajian and Nanji Islands' waters. Due to the influence of marine environmental factors, the spatial distribution of hazard degree of HAB disasters is dynamic, so it is recommended that the hazard zoning of HAB disasters be carried out once every five years. The rationality of the zoning results from 2017 to 2021 is verified, showing that the hazard zoning method of HAB disasters proposed in this study has a good rationality and credibility. This study utilized a qualitative approach to visually identify the spatial distribution of hazard degree zoning of HAB disasters in the Zhejiang Province coastal waters over the last 88 years. This has provided useful information to help prevent and mitigate HAB disasters and guide mariculture and coastal tourism planning.

A review of Eunicoidea (Annelida) from Falkland Islands waters including a new species of Hyalinoecia

Abstract Historic species records of the families Onuphidae and Eunicidae, from the Falkland Islands region, are reviewed and updated, new records added from intertidal and nearshore localities on and around the Falkland Islands, and a new species of Hyalinoecia described. Eight genera are reported from around the region including eight taxa of Onuphidae and two of Eunicidae, although most are only known from deep offshore waters. Kinbergonuphis dorsalis is re-described from type material, Kinbergonuphis sp. from the Falkland Islands is described and discrepancies between the two descriptions are examined. Hyalinoecia falklandica sp. nov. is described and the history of the genus and its misidentification in the region is discussed. The new species is distinguished from all other species in the genus through a combination of simple, unidentate falcigers on chaetigers 1 and 2, ventral cirri present to chaetigers 3 or 4, and branchiae present from chaetigers 26 or 27 to the end of the body. The historic record of Marphysa aenea from the Falkland Islands is also shown to be a misidentification and the actual, as-yet-undetermined species present is described. Problems surrounding a correct identification of Marphysa species, other species that do not quite fit current descriptions, and additional Eunicoidea taxa that might be expected to occur in the region are also discussed.

『治平要覽』: ‘史外傳心’의 要典

“The Abridged version for fair Governance”(治平要覽, 1445) 150-volume, which was compiled by scholars from Hall of Worthies in Se-jong of Chosun dynasty, is a book for looking at the rise and fall of past kingdoms in China and national history. King Se-jong wanted to acquire political lessons from past history of China and Korea, and at the same time he tried to leave a core of Confucian politics to his descendants. This book has a characteristic that distinguishes it from the form of general historical books in that the ‘chronological records’ which specifies the Lunar calendar and the reign of the monarch, is intentionally omitted.
 After completing the compilation of the book, Jung In-ji told Sejong, “This book is the Essential text over the historical record that transmits the Confucius’s mind.” This word originally came from A Commentary of The Spring and Autumn Annals written by Hu An-Guo in Song Dynasty.
 This book is also like a political textbook or guide book provided for king's rule. and mainly adopted a principle that was reflected by Confucius's The spring and Autumn Annals(『春秋』) with a view of Confucianism. This thesis is a new perspective on the essential characteristics of “The Abridged version for fair Governance” based on the above facts.

간쟁(諫諍)의 교육적 함의: 교육학적 관점에서 본 간쟁

This article aim to define an educational implication inherent in an expostulation on King by investigation about the theoretical and historical basis of it. As we know, Confucian school prepare the theoretical ground about scholarly official’s expostulation on King and it derive from sense of ethics that is represented the admiration on the culture of Chu(周) Dynasty. According to this, expostulation mean the embodiment of benevolence(仁) and the performance, standing on the basis of ethical emotion and practising the equivalent exchange on ethical value in relationship. Since then this is mentioned ‘Xunzi(荀子)’, Xunhwang(荀況)’s book, and ‘The Scripture on Filial Duty(孝經)’, a writing in Han(漢) Dynasty and this is required as a ethical duty on officials and sons consistently in all Dynasty adopting Confucianism. However the institutionalization of this idea is generally achieved a way guaranteeing the independence of advisory officials’(言官)s duty and advisory route(言路) after 10 Century.
 The historical record about institutionalization on scholarly officials’ expostulation is appeared since Korye(高麗) Dynasty. Certainly there are advisory officials under the office of senior ministers(門下省) and invigorating a royal education system(經筵) for King since King Yejong(睿宗) in Korye Dynasty. Especially a royal education system in Korye Dynasty is composed by scholarly officials belong to many departments such as royal literary organization(寶文閣) under King’s control until the last period of Dynasty. This means containing expostulation as an educational work.
 An expostulational system is established the ideal way to realize the scholarly King(君師) as an ideal type of king for confucian scholars after Chosŏn(朝鮮) Dynasty. This system aim to bring up King’s virtue(薰陶) and guarantee to advise his opinions freely in the face of King. On this account, royal literary organizations(集賢殿, 藝文館, 그리고 弘文館) in Chosŏn Dynasty are also developed as a consultative one. Therefore it generate the opportunity of the appearance of public politics(公論政治) and factions(朋黨). It is because of a Neo-confucian school who provide the theory to appear the isomorphism between education and expostulation.

اسلام اور عیسائیت کے قوانین میراث کے مشترکات و مختلفات کا تحقیقی و تقابلی جائزہ

Being the last Book, the Holy Qur'an is complete and perfect in all aspects, including its laws regarding inheritance. Islamic law of inheritance is well defined in religious texts and they fulfil the needs of all times to come. On the other hand, other Divine Books as the Bible, dealt with only a particular nation or the group of people it was revealed to and do not have a thorough description of the issue of inheritance. There are several similarities and differences between Islamic and Christian laws of inheritance. The evolution occurring in Christianity requires continuous comparative studies for the academic and historical record. This paper aims to do a comparative analysis of laws of Inheritance in both of the monotheistic religions. In this research qualitative historical research method is used to present a comparison.

Lost in translation

Abstract Here, we provide new perspectives on the relationship between the extinct Angolan language Kwadi and the Khoe languages of southern Africa. Using an innovative approach which combines newly collected data from two Kwadi rememberers with a reanalysis of historical recordings and fieldnotes, we were able to reconstitute the Kwadi phoneme inventory and relate Kwadi to Proto-Khoe and its daughter branches Khoekhoe and Kalahari Khoe through regular sound correspondences. Our reconstruction of 127 lexical roots in form and meaning provides further evidence for a Khoe-Kwadi language family and shows that the lexical and phonological proximity between Proto-Khoe-Kwadi and Proto-Khoe is closer than would be expected from the significant differences that Khoe and Kwadi display in the domains of morphology and syntax. Taken together, our study contributes to a better understanding of diachronic sound change in languages with phonemic click sounds and introduces novel ways to incorporate different historical data sources.

Modelled Climate Change Impacts on Spring Canola Production Across British Columbia, Canada

This paper investigates the impact of projected near future climate trends on the production of spring planted canola (Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica juncea of canola classification) across British Columbia, Canada. Analysis of historic climate trends from 2001-2020, informed by the Global Historical Climatology Network daily (GHCNd) database, establishes patterns of warming temperatures and increasing precipitation values across the province over the early 21st century. Near future climate trends were modelled using CMIP6 climate models, from 2021-2040 under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, with the projections downscaled using ClimateBC. The projected trends mirrored those of the observed historic record, while an observable relationship between rising levels of climate change and increasing projected annual precipitation and temperature is recorded. The subsequent crop modelling using the CSM-CROPGRO-Canola and DNDC models, fed with the modelled climate trends, highlighted the expectation for near future climate change to cause significant decreases in spring canola production across British Columbia.

A war foretold: How Western mainstream news media omitted NATO eastward expansion as a contributing factor to Russia’s 2022 invasion of the Ukraine

This article assesses how Western mainstream news media framed causal factors of Russia’s 2022 invasion of the Ukraine. The article is based on a synthesis and integration of scholarly studies as well as a primary data analysis of Western mainstream newspaper reporting. The research firstly conducts an integrative literature review investigating how Western mainstream news media have reported on Russia and the new Cold War more broadly. Using this as a backdrop, a quantitative and qualitative content study investigates how causes of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine were framed in the US, the UK and the German press. To contextualize news media framing, the second section critically assesses the Western diplomatic and historical record of NATO expansion. The article identifies two competing explanatory frameworks: the dominant Western news media narrative assumes that Russia/Putin’s imperial ambitions and nefarious traits have caused the war, and a second narrative, advanced by several scholars, former diplomats and selected journalists, asserts that NATO’s eastward expansion created the context for Russia’s invasion. The article concludes that the second narrative has been de-emphasized in the news. Such framing is contrary to the historical and documentary record, and links to a marginalization of non-military solutions to solve the conflict.

Дурка Я. Януш Радзивілл (1880–1967): Політична біографія / Переклад з польської А. Бондаря. Тернопіль : Видавництво «Крок», 2023. 552 с.

The article analyzes the monograph of the Polish historian Jaroslaw Durka, "Janusz Radziwiłł (1880-1967). Political Biography", translated into Ukrainian from the Polish edition, published in Warsaw in 2011. J. Durka is a Doctor of Historical Sciences and researcher at the Kalisz Academy President Stanislaw Wojciechowski, an author of numerous publications related to the Radziwiłł family. The book describes the political biography of one of the brightest figures of Polish conservatism, Prince Janusz Radziwiłł, a parliamentarian of the Second Polish Republic [II Rzeczpospolita], an aristocrat, a person whose life absorbed all the significant events of the social and political life of Europe at the end of the 19th century – the 1960s. The monograph uses a vast source base, which includes documents from the Central Archives of Modern Records, the Central Archives of Historical Records, and the Central Military Archive (Warsaw), state voivodeship archives, in particular, Częstochowa, Kalisz, Katowice, Kraków, the Ossolinski National Institute in Wrocław, etc. The research examines publications from interwar periodicals, oral testimonies collected directly by the author, memoirs, published documents, etc. The author of the monograph highlights the traditions of the Radziwiłł family, the formation of Janusz Radziwiłł’s worldview and his political career, paying attention to his activities during the First World War, focusing on Janusz Radziwiłł's public and charitable activities in interwar Poland, the life of the last owner of the town of Olyka during the Second World War. One of the chapters draws attention to the final period of the life and activity of Janusz Radziwiłł, which he spent under the supervision of the special services of the Polish People’s Republic, practically outside of politics. J. Durka’s monograph, translated into Ukrainian, reveals little-studied pages of the history of Poland and Ukraine at the end of the XIXth – the first half and middle of the XXth century, prompting researchers for new scientific studies in the field of historical biography.

AUSTRALIA DALAM BINGKAI KOLONIALISASI DAN KETERLIBATANNYA DALAM PERANG DUNIA.

Australia is a country as well as a continent, a country consisting of these states when compared to other continents is certainly inferior in terms of area. Australia is the smallest continent but behind the various advances and achievements they were able to achieve there is a very interesting historical record. Therefore, this paper will try to discuss Australia which is seen from the colonial period to the outbreak of world-level conflicts which are also known as world wars. Because previous studies have not discussed colonialisation in australia and australia's involvement in the world war which certainly caused various impacts. Using qualitative research methods, this paper will try to discuss and reveal the initial conditions during the colonialization period that had occurred in Australia and will also discuss the turmoil of the world war that was also felt for the Australian government at that time. In practice, this qualitative data collection is carried out by collecting various existing sources and then analyzing the various sources that have been found to ensure the compatibility between the theme to be raised and the content of the writing contained therein.