Historical Progress Research Articles

Exploring potential predictive biomarkers through historical perspectives on the evolution of systemic therapies into the emergence of neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer, ranks as the sixth most prevalent cancer globally and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately half of HCC patients miss the opportunity for curative treatment and are then limited to undergoing systemic therapies. Currently, systemic therapy has entered the era of immunotherapy, particularly with the advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have significantly enhanced outcomes for patients with advanced HCC. Neoadjuvant treatment for HCC has become a possibility-findings from the IMbrave 050 trial indicated that ICIs offer the benefit of recurrence-free survival for high-risk HCC patients post-resection or local ablation. However, only a small fraction of individuals benefit from systemic therapy. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify predictive biomarkers for treatment response and outcome assessment. This study reviewed the historical progression of systemic therapy for HCC, highlighting notable therapeutic advancements. This study examined the development of systemic therapies involving conventional drugs and clinical trials utilized in HCC treatment, as well as potential predictive biomarkers for advanced and/or locally advanced HCC. Various studies have revealed potential biomarkers in the context of HCC treatment. These include the association of dendritic cells (DCs) with a favorable response to neoadjuvant therapy, the presence of enriched T effector cells and tertiary lymphoid structures, the identification of CD138+ plasma cells, and distinct spatial arrangements of B cells in close proximity to T cells among responders with locally advanced HCC receiving neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab treatment. Furthermore, pathological response has been associated with intratumoral cellular triads consisting of progenitor CD8+ T cells and CXCL13+ CD4+ T helper cells surrounding mature DCs in patients receiving neoadjuvant cemiplimab for resectable HCC. Despite no widely recognized predictive biomarkers for HCC individualized treatment, we believe neoadjuvant trials hold the most promise in identifying and validating them. This is because they can collect multiple samples from resectable HCC patients across stages, especially with multi-omics, bridging preclinical and clinical gaps.

역사 안에서 완성되는 구원으로서의 종말

This study undertakes a theological critique of historical interpretation and eschatological thought within the corpus of Belgian theologian Edward Schillebeeckx, whose scholarship was prominent in the Netherlands. Drawing from the insights of M. D. Chenu, Schillebeeckx embraces a historiographical stance informed by the methodologies of the Annales School, which postulates historical progression through a lens that allows for the interweaving of Divine will and human action in the pursuit of God. This vista sets the stage for history's protagonists to be perceived not only as the Divine orchestrator of salvation but also as humanity, in partnership with the Divine directive.
 At the crux of this engagement is the fundamental belief in Divine self-disclosure and creativeness, which aligns humanity with the Divine will, confirming the thesis of God as the sovereign architect of history.
 Schillebeeckx's historiographical methodology recognizes the intricate interaction between the vicissitudes of socio-economic frameworks and shifts in ideological paradigms, associating such seismic shifts — comparable to historical cleavages — with the ecclesiastic vocation of navigating the path to salvation. His eschatological construct, an outgrowth of this historical interpretation, contends that the ultimate realization of salvation unfolds within the historical episode wherein individuals pursue self-fulfillment, placing this pursuit at the heart of eschatological discourse. Within this paradigm, God is posited as the definitive horizon for humanity, traversing from historical antecedents through the contemporary to the eventual.
 In this theological architecture, the Divine does not precipitate the eschaton by abruptly rectifying historical wrongs. Rather, the Divine presence engages with humanity in a concerted struggle against injustice, marshaling human agency toward redemptive ends throughout this journey. Schillebeeckx’s eschatological vision, characterized by its critical negation, offers a prophetic eschatology that integrates the theme of humanity's historical absence at the pivotal intersection where dogmatic theology's principal treatises meet.

Green marketing and corporate social responsibility: A review of business practices

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and green marketing are crucial for promoting ethical and sustainable company practices. This review article offers a thorough examination of the relationship between green marketing and CSR, examining the historical progression, theoretical foundations, and tactical ramifications of green marketing for various businesses. It emphasizes the difficulties of "greenwashing," the significance of transparency, and the necessity of striking a balance between business objectives and sustainability aims. The study clarifies how government regulations and incentives influence green marketing and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, highlighting the significance of legal frameworks, tax breaks, and public‒private partnerships. With an emphasis on new tactics, projected shifts in consumer needs, and prospective areas for further study and development, future trends and prospects in green marketing and CSR should be investigated. With an emphasis on consumer behavior, innovative sustainable packaging, and the effect of CSR on staff engagement, more research and collaboration are needed to develop green marketing and CSR practices. Businesses looking to maximize their positive impact and governments trying to create inclusive and successful sustainability legislation can both benefit from its insightful advice. We can all contribute to a greener and more socially responsible world by making sustainability a core value and encouraging cooperation.

Does Critical HRD really exist outside academia?: An interview study with nine Critical HRD scholars

Purpose The complex world in which we reside is calling for more critical approaches to address the precarity experienced by the most marginalized in social systems. However, human resource development (HRD) lacks empirical data to describe, define and project the objectives and future directions of Critical HRD in today’s turbulent and volatile times. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the historical and contemporary progression of Critical HRD, as described by nine of its most well-known scholars. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through semistructured interviews, and a constructivist grounded theory coding approach was applied during analysis to identify themes and patterns. Findings The findings of this study highlight the persistent scholarship versus practice divide among Critical HRD scholars, suggesting that Critical HRD may merely be an academic undertaking and something not practiced within the public domain. The authors call for an evolution of Critical HRD toward more practice- and action-oriented approaches to scholarship and teaching so that meaningful changes can take place in actual organizations and workplaces. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study was the first to empirically show that there is a real research–practice gap, particularly among Critical HRD scholars. Critical HRD scholars need to take these findings seriously as an opportunity to reflect on how they can take Critical HRD to the next level beyond academic discourse.

Questioning modernity and heritage: The case of the River Club development in Cape Town, South Africa

AbstractThe proposed construction of the controversial Amazon African headquarters at the River Club site in Cape Town encompasses several issues related to modern heritage, colonial practices, sustainable development, the nature‐culture divide, and the Anthropocene. Although approved by the City of Cape Town and the provincial government of the Western Cape, with plans for residential and business units, activists, researchers, environmental organizations, workers' unions, and social justice coalitions associated with indigenous Khoe and San groups oppose the development on the grounds of the symbolic and historical importance of the site earmarked for development. The paper aims to explore the significance of the site, analyze the ensuing confrontations and contestations and examine how the site represents spaces of public history, urban spatial construction, and memory. The focus of the paper will be the complex interplay between social, cultural, ethical, and political forces, and their intersection with legal and institutional policy processes at different levels of the state and the local. Ultimately, the paper challenges the claim of the City of Cape Town, the provincial government, and the developers that their version of historical progress is equitable and fair, and raises a broader question about Eurocentric ideas of emancipation, aesthetics and notions of history, heritage and development.

Top 50 Highly Cited Publications in Facelift Surgery: A 50-Year Bibliometric Analysis Review.

Facelift surgery, also known as rhytidectomy, is a commonly performed procedure to address aging-related changes in the face and neck. Over the years, its techniques and methodologies have evolved. This study aimed to provide a bibliometric analysis of the top 50 most cited publications related to facelift surgery over a fifty-year period (1973-2023). The authors obtained data from the Web of Science Core Collection on July 15, 2023. Using a predefined search strategy, the most cited articles from 1973 to 2023 on facelift surgery were identified. The publications were analyzed for their type of study, journal of publication, geographic origin, and primary outcomes. Furthermore, the authorship gender distribution was assessed. The majority of the publications (34 out of 50) were published in the "Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery" journal. The USA contributed to 72% of the research, followed by the UK, Mexico, Australia, and Germany. The primary outcomes varied from surgical techniques, anatomical studies, risk factors, patient-specific outcomes, and facial rejuvenation techniques, to comparative and historical progression of techniques. Notably, male authors dominated the field with 47 out of 50 papers having both a first and senior male author. Facelift surgery has seen substantial research development over the past fifty years. The USA has been at the forefront of this research, with a predominant focus on surgical techniques and anatomical studies. Male dominance in authorship indicates potential scope for increased gender diversity in this specialty. Annual updates are recommended for continued insights. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Metabolomics: An Emerging "Omics" Platform for Systems Biology and Its Implications for Huntington Disease Research.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The precise mechanisms of HD progression are poorly understood; however, it is known that there is an expansion of the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Important new strategies are of paramount importance to identify early biomarkers with predictive value for intervening in disease progression at a stage when cellular dysfunction has not progressed irreversibly. Metabolomics is the study of global metabolite profiles in a system (cell, tissue, or organism) under certain conditions and is becoming an essential tool for the systemic characterization of metabolites to provide a snapshot of the functional and pathophysiological states of an organism and support disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. This review briefly highlights the historical progress of metabolomic methodologies, followed by a more detailed review of the use of metabolomics in HD research to enable a greater understanding of the pathogenesis, its early prediction, and finally the main technical platforms in the field of metabolomics.

How Terribly the Plow of History Plows...

In the poetry of the prominent Ukrainian writer Lina Kostenko, the category of “historical memory” is conceptualized in ontological and philosophical dimensions: her philosophical discourses on history and the nation are built on this foundation. By “trying on” eternity (with the manifest: “I am floating into life from eternity”), she comes to philosophical self-awareness and artistic reflection of history, with vivid and convincing motifs / collisions / concepts / plots / images. In her epic poems, she measures human existence throughout epochs through the triad of the dominants of humanity / nation / family, giving each of them nation-building meanings. Her time is always anthropological, with an expressive psychological “face”, heavy with tragedy and endowed with a potential for the future. Her lyrical pieces have the same temporal tint. Through an inte- gral conceptual sphere, in which the category of time remains fundamental (dramatic poems and ballads Skifska Odisseia [Scythian Odyssey], Marusia Churai, Berestechko, Duma pro brativ neazovskykh [A duma on brothers other than the Azov ones], Snih u Florentsii [Snow in Florence], and a number of poems), Lina Kostenko tries to embrace the temporal and anthropological paradigm of man-history-man with her artistic imagination, where the problems of individual and national identity are given primary importance. In this context of the historically conditioned formation of national and national-cultural identity, she unfolds her own idea of a person’s home within history, especially national history, while professing the principle of “simultaneity of non-simultaneities” (R. Kozellek) of a series of past events. The author examines certain “semantic circles” of the writer’s narrative, discovering new semantic historio- sophical projections that in Kostenko’s works eventually form a coherent, verified anthropocentric conceptual model of the decisive role of the individual in the historical progress of the nation, showing, with the help of artistic and figurative means, how she creates the historical and psychological canvas of past events / collisions / interpretations that set the direction for the future. At the same time, the author emphasizes that the poet always upholds the position of the artist’s ultimate accountability in the face of national history.

Visualizing Pain Management: A Comprehensive Examination of Radiological Techniques in Regional Anesthesia

This review explores the pivotal role of radiological techniques in enhancing precision and safety in regional anesthesia, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their applications and advancements. The objectives are to evaluate the historical progression, current state, and future prospects of imaging modalities, including ultrasound, fluoroscopy, MRI, and CT scans, in the context of regional anesthesia. The methodology involves an extensive literature review, encompassing studies, case reports, and clinical trials related to the use of radiological techniques in regional anesthesia. Emphasis is placed on the outcomes of ultrasound-guided techniques, fluoroscopy applications, and the use of advanced imaging modalities, with a focus on their impact on procedural accuracy and patient outcomes. Key findings highlight the transformative influence of ultrasound guidance in peripheral nerve blocks and central neuraxial techniques, offering real-time precision. Fluoroscopy, integral in epidural and spinal anesthesia, is discussed in terms of its real-time visualization capabilities and recent technological advancements. MRI and CT scans, providing detailed anatomical imaging, contributes to evaluating anesthetic spread effectively. Contrast studies for visual confirmation and emerging technologies are also explored, paving the way for future innovations.

Unrealized Integration in Education, Sociology, and Society

In the 2023 ASA presidential address, Prudence Carter delves into the landscape of U.S. society, tracing some of its historical progress and confronting contemporary social, economic, educational, and political challenges. Central to her argument is an exploration of the concept of “unrealized integration” and how it has hindered the nation’s march toward an inclusive, multiracial democracy. Carter describes and characterizes the current state of integration within education and society. Despite the widespread rhetoric of diversity in our organizations and institutions, she critiques its shallow application, exposing diversity’s inability to rectify imbalances of power- and resource-sharing. Incorporating the idea of “tipping points,” she discusses how civil rights movements, despite expanding representation and opportunity, have faced recurrent waves of political backlash and reversals. She contends that an erosion of social progress occurs when there is an imbalance in the pursuit of distributional equality (concerning material resources) and relational equality (involving social and cultural dynamics and processes that shape well-being). Additionally, she identifies three other crucial areas that warrant focus to pave the path toward realized integration within education and society. In a forward-looking call to arms, Carter underscores the imperative for sociologists to transcend epistemological and methodological boundaries; and she advocates for robust collaborations across the social sciences and humanities to harness the collective power of knowledge-generation and solution-building for pressing societal issues.

Mapping the evolution of tourism research: the Spanish case

PurposeThis study aims to appraise the historical evolution of tourism research focused on Spain. Firstly, an analysis was conducted to assess the production and impact of research within this domain. Secondly, scientific mapping, specifically through co-word analysis, was used to identify and explore the principal research themes and their evolution in the field.Design/methodology/approachA historical approach was adopted in this study, using 1,100 bibliographic records obtained from the Scopus database. Science mapping was then conducted through co-word analysis of bibliographic data.FindingsThe results of the performance analysis provide insights into the volume, evolution and impact of the scientific documents published within the research area under investigation. Moreover, by adopting a longitudinal approach, science mapping through co-word analysis enables the definition of the intellectual structure within this research domain. In this regard, the main research themes are identified, conceptually assessed, and their evolution is examined across three distinct window periods: an initial research period (1972–2002), a growing research period (2003–2012) and a consolidation period (2013–2022).Originality/valueThe study provides a state-of-the-art position on tourism research related to Spain thus guiding future studies in the area. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive “snapshot” of the historical progression of tourism research in Spain, capturing the emblematic aspects that have emerged within the area over the investigated time period.

The very short story term-the critical problematics

The intervention seeks to discuss the issues related to the identity of the very short story, through a critical dialogue that exposes the most important positions and perceptions regarding the term of conflicting opinions, or by identifying the most important issues of the concept through the historical progression of the story, after the researcher has observed more than thirty terms of art for the very short story, which the intervention seeks to address and show its limits, which may help to reach a stage indicating the stability of that narrative genre, whose signs and early signs indicate a pioneer in future narrative literary writing. The intervention will first summarize the presentation of the term " story "and the term" short "according to what serves its subject, which paves the way to identifying the concept of a very short story, and then it is presented more broadly to the benefits of the single" Very " from the addition and qualitative and artistic identification, so that the reader can identify the identity of the literary term very short story and its concept.

RELEVANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY

The development of sports physiology stands as a crucial cornerstone in comprehending the intricate mechanisms governing human performance in athletic endeavors. This article delves into the profound relevance and significance of sports physiology in deciphering the physiological, biomechanical, and psychological facets underpinning athletes' abilities. It outlines the historical progression of sports physiology, highlighting its pivotal role in optimizing training methodologies, preventing injuries, enhancing performance, and fostering overall athlete well-being. By elucidating the significance of sports physiology, this study emphasizes its contribution to advancing athletic excellence and shaping the future landscape of sports.

Analysis of methods for assimilating fire perimeters into a coupled fire-atmosphere model

Correctly initializing the fire within coupled fire-atmosphere models is critical for producing accurate forecasts of meteorology near the fire, as well as the fire growth, and plume evolution. Improperly initializing the fire in a coupled fire-atmosphere model can introduce forecast errors that can impact wind circulations surrounding the fire and updrafts along the fire front. A well-constructed fire initialization process must be integrated within coupled fire-atmosphere models to ensure that the atmospheric component of the model does not become numerically unstable due to excessive heat fluxes released during the ignition, and that realistic fire-induced atmospheric circulations are established at the model initialization time. The primary objective of this study is to establish an effective fire initialization method in a coupled fire-atmosphere model, based on the analysis of the impact of the initialization procedure on the model’s ability to resolve fire-atmosphere circulations and fire growth. Here, we test three different fire initialization approaches leveraging the FireFlux II experimental fire, which provides a comprehensive suite of observations of the pyroconvective column, local micrometeorology, and fire characteristics. The two most effective fire initialization methods identified using the FireFlux II case study are then tested on the 380,000-acre Creek Fire, which burned across the central Sierra Nevada mountains during the 2020 Western U.S. wildfire season. For this case study, simulated pyroconvection and fire progression are evaluated using plume top height observations from MISR and airborne fire perimeter data, to assess the effectiveness of different initialization methods in the context of establishing pyroconvection and resolving the fire growth. The analyses of both the experimental fire simulation and the wildfire simulation indicate that the spin-up initialization method based on historical fire progression that masks out inactive fire regions provides the best results in terms of resolving the fire-induced vertical circulation and fire progression.

Alienation as Forced Identity: A Study of Jhumpa Lahiri’s ‘The Namesake and Unaccustomed Earth’

Diaspora is the fusion of several cultures. The widely dispersed populace feels a sense of cultural identity. People have relocated from the beginning of time in quest of better possibilities. They integrate outside of their home and absorb values from their country. Their minds split into two halves, which they must reunite. Many obstacles stand in their way, but they eventually affect the surroundings. When moving from one area to another, not only do eating habits, wardrobes, lifestyles, and languages change, but a person’s whole behavioral pattern also transforms. Multiculturalism and hybridity provide a fresh avenue for transformation. Conversely, it causes isolation, a lack of roots, and homesickness. There is always a longing about “Where do they belong?” They feel distant despite the mixing of two cultures. Their hybridity becomes an integral part of who they are. The result is linguistic, social, psychological, and historical progress as they combine the finest elements of both cultures. They are bound to earthly reality by their affinity. While this transfusion happens, the following generation adds fresh perspectives and broadens its reach. The battle between anxiousness and a lack of roots never ends. With time, individuals tend to cultivate a more nuanced perspective on life, recognizing the value of striking a harmonious balance between tradition and modernity as the most optimal approach for the collective.

Shifting Strategies in the Treatment of Pediatric Craniopharyngioma.

Craniopharyngiomas represent one of the most challenging diseases to treat. Despite their benign histology, and after many decades of surgical experience and technological advancements, there is still no clear consensus regarding the most effective management for this tumor. Due to their location and aggressive local characteristics, purely surgical approaches all too often result in unacceptable morbidity. Partial resection combined with radiation therapy results in similar control rates when compared to aggressive surgery, while also minimalizing the neuro-endocrinological morbidity. In this manuscript, we describe the historical progression of the shifting strategies in the management of pediatric craniopharyngioma. Time has also altered our expectations for outcomes, evolving from purely morbidity and mortality to simple Glasgow Outcomes Scales, now to formal neuro-psychometric and quality of life data.

Six-membered Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocyclic Anti-Tumor Agents: Synthesis and Applications.

Cancer stands as a serious malady, posing substantial risks to human well-being and survival. This underscores the paramount necessity to explore and investigate novel antitumor medications. Nitrogen-containing compounds, especially those derived from natural sources, form a highly significant category of antitumor agents. Among these, antitumor agents with six-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles have consistently attracted the attention of chemists and pharmacologists. Accordingly, we present a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies and clinical implications of these compounds in this review. This entails an in-depth analysis of synthesis pathways for pyridine, quinoline, pyrimidine, and quinazoline. Additionally, we explore the historical progression, targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical effectiveness of small molecule inhibitors possessing these structural features.

Oncological Horizons: The Synergy of Medical and Surgical Innovations in Cancer Treatment.

The landscape of cancer treatment has witnessed a remarkable transformation in recent years, marked by the convergence of medical and surgical innovations. Historically, cancer therapy faced challenges, including limited efficacy and severe side effects. This narrative review explores the historical progression of cancer treatments, shedding light on significant breakthroughs in both medical and surgical oncology. It comprehensively addresses the medical domain, covering chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, hormonal treatments, and radiological procedures. Simultaneously, it delves into the surgical realm, discussing the evolution of surgical techniques, minimally invasive procedures, and the role of surgery across various stages of cancer. The article emphasizes the fusion of medical and surgical approaches, highlighting neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and the significance of multidisciplinary tumor boards. It also addresses innovations, challenges, and the pivotal role of patient-centered care. Furthermore, it offers insights into the future directions and forecasts in the constantly evolving field of integrated oncological care. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic and transformative nature of cancer treatment, reflecting the unwavering commitment of the medical and surgical communities in the ongoing fight against cancer.

Advances in Thyroid Function Tests: Precision Diagnostics and Clinical Implications.

This narrative review explores the evolving field of thyroid function testing, explicitly highlighting the significance of precision diagnostics and their substantial impact on clinical practice. Commencing with a comprehensive examination of the historical progression of thyroid diagnostics, the discourse proceeds to explore recent developments, highlighting the paramount importance of accuracy in testing methods. The primary issue under consideration is the crucial requirement for accuracy in the field of therapeutic practice. The review critically examines the problems related to the interpretation, standardization, and ethical considerations in examining advanced laboratory techniques, novel biomarkers, and state-of-the-art technologies like immunoassays, molecular testing, and automation. The focus on the paradigm shift towards precision diagnostics brings attention to the complex connection between test results and their direct influence on patient care. This investigation expands upon the incorporation of imaging and molecular diagnostics, highlighting the rising significance of precision in customizing treatment strategies. In summary, the study provides a prospective viewpoint, recognizing the persistent obstacles and highlighting the want for dependable, uniform methodologies in thyroid diagnostics. This narrative's primary objective is to guide physicians, researchers, and stakeholders in effectively navigating the intricate nature of contemporary thyroid function tests, with a particular emphasis on resolving the fundamental issue of precision.

Поетичні присвяти Леоніда Глібова як відображення культурницьких взаємодій

Ukrainian literature is an integral part of the world civilizational process, a phenomenon of national cultural development, because during the historical progress it has generated educational and patriotic tendencies of past, present generations, addressed to the future. The article reveals a polylogist led by Leonid Glebov with famous Ukrainian worlds of spirit. His poems with dedications to contemporaries and contemporaries were published: Elena Pchiltsi, Sofia Rusova, Mykola Lyssenko, Alexander Tyszczynski. The information about the Gleb friend of Alexander Tyszynski, co-publisher of «Chernihovsky’s leaf », based on an essay by Boris Grinchenko «Alexander Tyshchinsky» (1896), about Ivan Rashevsky, author of the drawing to the 50th edition of Leonid Glibov’s literary work in « Call» (1891), based on the memoirs of Sophia Rusova (1928). Borys Grinchenko’s letter to Maria Zahirnya dated 1899.VII.1 about the commemoration of Leonid Hlibov in Chernihiv (1899) has been put into scientific circulation, G. Kovalenko’s recollections about the consecration of the monument at his grave (1899) are presented. Attention is drawn to the fact that this year marks the 130th anniversary of the Ukrainian writer’s death. L. Hlibov resorts to the genre of dedication poem in his work.This is an important component of his poetic works, because it performs non-literary and actually artistic functions. The non-literary meaning of the dedication is usually associated with a friendly attitude towards the addressee, his activities. It is through this function that the author makes the appropriate artistic choice of presenting the material. In the works of L. Hlibov, dedications are addressed to Elena Pchiltsa, Sofia Rusova, Mykola Lysenko, Oleksandr Tyshchynskyi. The variation of the dedication genre as a way of semantic heterogeneity is the result of the content meaning of the poetic work. Dedicatory poems are not only aesthetic phenomena, but also additional factual material for the study of biography, worldview of the lyricist, literary process, and cultural relations. We have valuable historical facts, materials related to further creative scientific research, research, appreciation of cultural figures, the literary process, which are important not only for Ukraine, but also for the world literary process, confirming the role of the Ukrainian nation in world history and culture.