Historical Process Research Articles

SERBIAN MUSIC CRITICISM OF THE INTERWAR PERIOD: TEXTS ABOUT MUSIC BY DANICА KRSTIĆ IN THE MAGAZINE MUZIČKI GLASNIK

The paper analyzes the texts of Danica Krstić (1873–1966) in the magazine Muzički glasnik, published in 1922 in Belgrade. Danica Krstić is known to the professional public as one of the first piano teachers at the Serbian Music School (from 1903 to 1940) and as the author of the first piano textbook in the Serbian language, Piano School (1911). However, few people know the fact that she was also a music critic in the magazine Muzički glasnik. Namely, she gave two critical reviews of the concerts of young pianists - Ćiril Ličar and Vera Lotar. In both articles, the author used the same method - it is an analytical presentation of the works that are in the repertoire, while the emphasis is on the performing skills of the mentioned artists. This fact is not surprising, given that the author was professionally oriented towards performing. The paper will also discuss the historical development and importance of music criticism in Serbia in the period between the two World Wars. The historical processes through which music criticism in our region went through, as well as the methods of changes in the critical model in the period between the two World Wars, will be pointed out. It will also be discussed about the magazine Muzički glasnik in the context of selected articles, but also the entire magazine as one of the most important in the domestic area in the mentioned time frame. The goal is to highlight the diverse professional involvement of Danica Krstić and her role in the process of developing musical culture and education in Belgrade and Serbia at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper uses the method of theoretical analysis as well as an analytical-musicological view of the concert life of the Serbian capital.

Dialectics of International Interventions through Scale, Space, and Time

Abstract This Special Issue questions the problem of international interventions’ persistence and multidimensionality by asking what makes interventions still relevant and for whom. In this introduction, we advance a dialectical understanding of interventions to study their diverse modalities and enduring mechanisms of order-making, with specific attention to space, time, and scale. We elaborate on Laura Doyle's interimperial method to highlight interventions' relational, transformative, and durable aspects. We interpret interventions as coconstituted by diverse, overlapping, and contradictory rationales and modalities. We stress the intertwined histories and practices of interventions as integral components of colonial modernity in relation to empires, imperialism, and their contemporary rearticulations. As a method, we identify three key historical processes for a dialectical understanding of intervention: the coformation of interventions’ state-building, economic development, and cultural practices; the coproduction of institutions and infrastructural systems; and the cumulative accretion of interventions’ infrastructures and imaginaries.

Transient Interfacial Pattern Formation in Block Copolymer Thin Films via Sequential Thermal and Solvent Immersion Annealing.

A variety of structures encountered in nature only arise in materials under highly nonequilibrium conditions, suggesting to us that the scope for creating new functional block copolymer (BCP) structures might be significantly enlarged by embracing complex processing histories that allow for the fabrication of structures quite unlike those created under "near-equilibrium" conditions. The present work examines the creation of polymer film structures in which highly nonequilibrium processing conditions allow for the creation of entirely new types of transient BCP morphologies achieved by transitioning between different ordered states. Most previous studies of BCP materials have emphasized ordering them from their disordered state obtained from a solution film casting process, followed by a slow thermal annealing (TA) process at elevated temperatures normally well above room temperature. We have previously shown that achieving the equilibrium TA state can be accelerated by a direct solvent immersion annealing (DIA) preordering step that creates nascent ordered microstructures, followed by TA. In the present work, we examine the reverse nonequilibrium sequential processing in which we first thermally anneal the BCP film to different levels of partial (lamellar) order and then subject it to DIA to swell the lamellae. This sequential processing rapidly leads to a swelling-induced wrinkle pattern that initially grows with immersion time and can be quenched by solvent evaporation into its corresponding glassy state morphology. The article demonstrates the formation of wrinkling "defect" patterns in entangled BCP films by this sequential annealing that does not form under ordinary TA conditions. At long DIA times, these highly "defective" film structures evolve in favor of the equilibrium morphology of parallel lamellae observed with DIA alone. In conjunction with our previous study of sequential DIA + TA, the present TA + DIA study demonstrates that switching the order of these processing methods for block copolymer films gives the same final state morphology in the limit of long time as any one method alone, but with drastically different intermediate transient state morphologies. These transient morphologies could have many applications.

The limits of liberal justice: on authoritarianism and instrumental theories of law

ABSTRACT In this essay, I use Professor Sucheng Wang's recent book Law as an Instrument: Sources of Chinese Law for Authoritarian Legality as a point of departure for reconsidering the conventional opposition between liberal and authoritarian forms of legality. I suggest that opposition is in turn embedded in an even more elemental distinction between different state forms. Turning to Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws, I first investigate the historical and geopolitical processes by which modern political theory reduced the political universe into three species of states (republics, monarchies, and despotisms) and then merely two (democracies and authoritarian states). I then turn to the contemporary genealogy of the concept of rule of law, which arose first as a critique of the rise of the administrative state in the West and then became a means to delegitimize socialist conceptions of legality. I conclude by focusing on the People's Republic of China to evaluate the utility of assessing its legal order in terms of authoritarian legality as well as in terms of democracy more generally.

Social Media Discourse in Sarawak: An Analysis of Popular Issues and Their Correlation with the Gabungan Parti Sarawak Manifesto in 2021

Social media, notably Facebook, has been reported to be actively used by all, particularly when expressing opposing perspectives on various matters related to Sarawak and Sarawak’s interests. The debate became more interesting during the period of political change in 2018 when Sarawak began to realign its position within a shifting political landscape. Consequently, the realignment had also influenced the framing of the Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) manifesto during the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21). The article attempts to identify the popular issues circulated in social media and to correlate them with the highlighted issues embedded in the GPS manifesto in SSE21. Data was collected from Facebook from 20 December 2018 to 26 January 2019 through historical data retrieval process. About 197 high-engagement posts were selected as the dataset. Thematic analysis was used in the analytic methods, which was carried out using QSR NVivo 12 Plus. Six main topics were identified that served as focal points of discussion for online discourse in Sarawak: sociocultural topics; economic topics; political topics; development topics; constitutional and legal topics; and border and security topics. Among the topics, three main issues have been identified to be crucial for Sarawakians: (1) constitutional and legal issues – issues that are related to Sarawak rights, Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63), and federal and state constitution; (2) sociocultural issues – regional sentiments that are related to the ideals of being a Sarawakian; and (3) political issues – issues of federal-state relations. It is suggested that as the online discussion of the issues gains traction, Sarawakians are observed to be more engaged in topics within the framing of their perceived position within the federation, specifically relating to the preferred position of their identity as Sarawakian first as opposed to Malaysian first. The formation of GPS as a local-based coalition has immensely benefited GPS since it is consistent with its agenda of “Sarawak First”. The study’s findings imply that there is consistency between the topics raised by Sarawakians during Sarawak’s term as an opposition state in 2018 and the themes contained in the GPS manifesto during the SSE21.

A quantitative analysis of Final Palaeolithic/earliest Mesolithic cultural taxonomy and evolution in Europe.

Archaeological systematics, together with spatial and chronological information, are commonly used to infer cultural evolutionary dynamics in the past. For the study of the Palaeolithic, and particularly the European Final Palaeolithic and earliest Mesolithic, proposed changes in material culture are often interpreted as reflecting historical processes, migration, or cultural adaptation to climate change and resource availability. Yet, cultural taxonomic practice is known to be variable across research history and academic traditions, and few large-scale replicable analyses across such traditions have been undertaken. Drawing on recent developments in computational archaeology, we here present a data-driven assessment of the existing Final Palaeolithic/earliest Mesolithic cultural taxonomy in Europe. Our dataset consists of a large expert-sourced compendium of key sites, lithic toolkit composition, blade and bladelet production technology, as well as lithic armatures. The dataset comprises 16 regions and 86 individually named archaeological taxa ('cultures'), covering the period between ca. 15,000 and 11,000 years ago (cal BP). Using these data, we use geometric morphometric and multivariate statistical techniques to explore to what extent the dynamics observed in different lithic data domains (toolkits, technologies, armature shapes) correspond to each other and to the culture-historical relations of taxonomic units implied by traditional naming practice. Our analyses support the widespread conception that some dimensions of material culture became more diverse towards the end of the Pleistocene and the very beginning of the Holocene. At the same time, cultural taxonomic unit coherence and efficacy appear variable, leading us to explore potential biases introduced by regional research traditions, inter-analyst variation, and the role of disjunct macroevolutionary processes. In discussing the implications of these findings for narratives of cultural change and diversification across the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, we emphasize the increasing need for cooperative research and systematic archaeological analyses that reach across research traditions.

Unveiling whiteness: an approach to expand equity and deepen Public Administration’s racial analysis

Public Administration’s attempts to understand race and racism insufficiently engage with the historical processes and legacies of White Supremacy. This paper problematizes whiteness and proposes an approach to expand social equity and deepen the field’s racial analysis. Drawing on institutional logics perspective, we identify and describe logics of whiteness, an analytic approach that reveals whiteness through the logics of racial capitalism and whiteness as property and provides entry for historical, systems-connected, multi-level analyses of race, racism, racial categorization, and racialized power. We locate whiteness in the institution of citizenship to engage these logics and interrogate how citizens and citizenship are defined by and served in the bureaucracy. Neoliberalism has allowed the administrative state to assign differential citizenship identities across groups according to the logics of whiteness, with both symbolic and material implications for individual lives and for Public Administration theory and praxis.

The Impact of the Gastronomic Norms of Contemporary Mass Culture on Public Catering for Children

AbstractSince the start of the new millennium, there has been a marked turn in nutrition-related ethnographic research in Hungary. Following the reconstruction of the historical and regional processes of change in Hungarian dietary traditions, professional attention has increasingly shifted towards the present day. In this study, I first summarize the most important aspects of contemporary gastronomy and the respective research opportunities, before exploring the question of the relationship between contemporary food culture and public catering for children. The conclusion reached is that public catering for children and the food on offer in school canteens cannot be discussed without an understanding of the changes taking place in contemporary food culture, which in turn cannot be understood without taking into account contemporary social and cultural developments. Until the slowly changing culture of public catering becomes more closely aligned with the rapid changes in eating at home and in restaurants, fewer and fewer children will make use of school canteens, and where they do, they will barely touch the food but prefer to go hungry.

The Visual Narratives of the 1979 Iranian Revolution

This article analyzes a series of documentaries on the 1979 Iranian Revolution broadcast by Iran International and Manoto television channels. While covering the era of the Pahlavi dynasty, especially since the Second World War under Mohammad Reza Shah, the documentaries’ main goal is to present the era as a progressive epoch interrupted by a disastrous revolution. At the same time, they explain the Islamic government as a deviation from the path of progress led by the Pahlavis. By doing so, they dismiss the Pahlavi state as a root cause of the revolution, absolving it of the responsibility for its consequences, i.e. establishing an Islamic government. In contrast, this article highlights state politics as one of the main factors decisively shaping a historical process which culminated in the revolution. This makes the Pahlavi political order central to understand how the events in 1979 and afterwards unfolded.

The Feminization of Archive and Library Leadership in the Spanish Context

For the first time, data are used to explore the current degree of management feminization in Spain’s leading archives and libraries. By examining male directors’ perception of the possible implications of the profession’s feminization on their work, this study contributes to research into the feminization of the archival profession and librarianship. The various results were cross-checked, revealing that both current data and 40-year-old data show a prevalence of female leadership and therefore feminized management in Spain’s main archives and libraries. Pertinent contributions on the historical process of these professions’ feminization in Spain are offered, together with surprising data on the low number of female directors in international professional organizations.

The Historical Process and Experience of the Development of Vocational Undergraduate Education in China since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

In April 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions to the National Vocational Education Conference, emphasizing the steady development of vocational undergraduate education and the construction of a number of high-level vocational schools and majors, which provided fundamental guidelines for the high-quality development of vocational education at the undergraduate level in our country. The article combs the development process of my country's vocational undergraduate education since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, outlines its development status and characteristics, explores the valuable experience in the development of undergraduate-level vocational education, and provides guidance for realizing the vertical integration of the modern vocational education system and responding to the high demands of the people. The urgent need for quality education and high-quality employment is of great practical significance.

Phylogenetic origin of an insect fauna at the boundary of the Palaearctic and Oriental realms: Evidence from ‘site‐based’ mitogenomics

AbstractAimKnowledge of taxonomy and species distributions in highly diverse lineages of invertebrates remains too incomplete for the study of biogeographical patterns at the global scale. This limits the understanding of processes leading to the formation and maintenance of boundaries between major biogeographical realms. Site‐based metagenomic approaches may provide an alternative source of data for inference of historical processes of in situ speciation and interchange among biogeographical regions. We applied the methodology to explore the historical biogeography of the Qinling Mountains at the boundary of the Oriental and Palaearctic regions.LocationThe focal area in the Qinling Mountains; sites in Borneo, Panama, and Spain, representing the Oriental, Neotropical and Palaearctic faunas.Time PeriodContemporary.Major Taxa StudiedChrysomelidae, a group of ~40,000 species with worldwide distribution.MethodsMass‐trapped insects were subjected to deep Illumina DNA sequencing and mitochondrial genome assembly, followed by phylogenetic analysis and historical biogeographical inference on a dated tree. The methodology produced 622 mitogenomes (304 newly sequenced) each representing a morphologically distinct species.ResultsAncestral area reconstruction revealed that the Qinling fauna is a composite of distinct clades that, respectively, have Oriental or Palaearctic ancient origins, while in situ speciation and local clade formation were limited. The global diversity of Chrysomelidae consists of regionalised deep clades at the level of the major zoogeographic realms, which remain recognisable where these realms abut in the Qinling mountains. Yet, the Qinling fauna is clearly distinct from the source areas although local lineage ages are generally <20 Ma.Main ConclusionsThe Qinling fauna is a composite of clades that have either Oriental or Palaearctic origin, indicating the important role of immigration at the realm boundary. Global site‐based phylogenetic analyses based on metagenomic sequencing can address previously intractable questions about the historical biogeography of poorly studied groups even without a fully developed taxonomy.

Foaming properties of plant protein blends prepared using commercial faba bean and hemp protein concentrates at different faba bean/hemp protein ratios

Faba bean and hemp protein blends offer potential for the formulation of plant-based products due to their complementary amino acid compositions. This study evaluated the chemical composition, particle size, protein solubility and foaming properties of four commercial protein concentrates (two faba bean-based: FBC1 and FBC2, and two hemp-based: HPC1 and HPC2) and their blends at different faba bean/hemp protein ratios. The concentrates consisted mainly of albumins and globulins, some of which could have suffered alterations during processing, especially in HPC2 and FBC2. Both FBCs and HPCs made proportional contributions to the protein solubility observed in the blends. However, FBC1:HPC2 blends consistently demonstrated smaller particle sizes across all investigated ratios than those predicted by linear interpolation. Foaming properties of the four concentrates were comparable, except for HPC2, which did not foam. FBC1:HPC2 blends formed stable foams, whereas FBC2:HPC2 blends resulted in unstable foams. These results suggested that foam-destabilising factors were dominant in HPC2, which were counteracted by foam-stabilising factors in FBC1 and/or dilution effects. FBC1:HPC2 blends exhibited early indications of synergistic interactions, enhancing foam properties. This study demonstrates the potential of faba bean and hemp protein blends for foam-based food applications and the importance of considering their extraction processing history.

Application of bathymetry in water bodies in urban areas of the five Brazilian regions

Application of bathymetry in water bodies in urban areas of the five Brazilian regions

An unfinished suffrage reform. Voting rights in Sweden after the ‘democratic breakthrough’

ABSTRACT This article examines the complex and non-linear process of democratization in Sweden after the introduction of so-called universal suffrage in 1921. The research questions address the excluded groups post-1921, the reasons for their exclusion, and the historical processes that led to further expansions of suffrage rights. The study shows that the expansion of suffrage rights in Sweden after 1921 was not guided primarily by a desire to broaden voter inclusion and/or rectify the limitations of the1921 legislation. Instead, the motivations were embedded in a more intricate and multifaceted tapestry of political aims and alliances as well as situational factors that included various social, economic, and cultural shifts. The article concludes that the history of suffrage in Sweden after 1921 has been one of continuous negotiations, transformations, and adaptations, and that this provides valuable insights for addressing challenges of political inclusion and representation in the present and future.

“We are right in the middle of them”: mining and the production of disasters

This article draws on the history of Mingú, a neighborhood located at the center of the activities of a long-standing mining company in Nova Lima, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and discusses the interrelation of the production of disasters over time with the formation of a socio-spatial group. The narrative is informed by fragments of everyday life that seek to highlight the trends and patterns of broader processes, and which resonate beyond the particular context presented. Three phases in the history of Mingú are analyzed, revealing the continuity between extractivism and neoextractivism and the notion that disasters are not restricted to natural events, isolated in time and space. In this historical process, the constitution of the group is understood by the way its everyday practices take place within an unstable context, permeated by expropriation and by the difficulty of socio-spatial consciousness and autonomy.

The Historical Process and Deep Influence of Sino-Thai Educational Intermingling—A Case Study on Yunnan Context

Background and Aims: As China's radiation center faces South and Southeast Asia and the forefront of the "the Belt and Road" construction, Yunnan's unique geographical location and rich cultural heritage provide valuable opportunities for educational exchanges between the two countries. Therefore, to further analyze the profound impact of cultural exchange between the two countries on China. This article aims to explore the future direction and possibilities of education cooperation between China and Thailand, taking Yunnan as an example. From a more comprehensive and profound perspective, it provides feasible ways to further strengthen the relationship between the two countries and deepen cooperation. Methodology: By using the methods of historical records, policy analysis, and comparative study, this paper examines the evolution of educational exchanges between China and Thailand and its impact on the educational policies of the two countries. This paper first reviews the historical evolution of educational exchanges between China and Thailand, and analyzes the cooperation mechanism and contents of cooperation between the two countries in the field of education. Then, this paper compares the characteristics of the internationalization of higher education between China and Thailand, as well as the cooperation between the two countries in personnel training, teaching method improvement, and education quality assurance. Finally, this paper discusses the impact of Sino-Thai educational exchanges on the economic, cultural, and educational changes of the two countries, as well as the experiences and feelings of students in educational exchanges between the two countries. Results: the educational cooperation between China and Thailand has developed from the early language and cultural exchanges to a deeper level of educational cooperation, including degree education and professional training. This paper finds that the driving force of Sino-Thai educational cooperation mainly comes from the political, economic, and cultural interdependence of the two countries, as well as the interest and curiosity of the students of the two countries. This paper also finds that the effect of Sino-Thai educational cooperation is mainly reflected in the improvement of the knowledge, skills, and literacy of the students of the two countries, as well as the enhancement of cross-cultural awareness and cross-cultural communication ability of the students of the two countries. Conclusion: The educational exchanges between China and Thailand have not only enriched the learning experience of the students of the two countries but also promoted friendly cooperation and exchanges between the two countries in the field of education. This paper holds that the educational exchange between China and Thailand is not only an important way for cultural exchange between the two countries but also an important basis for the friendly relations between the two countries. This paper suggests that the future Sino-Thai educational cooperation model should pay more attention to the actual needs of the market and society, as well as the development of high-level cooperative education. This paper also suggests that the two countries should strengthen the supervision and evaluation of educational exchanges to ensure the quality and effectiveness of education.

Energy release characteristics of PTFE/Al/TiH2 reactive jet with different TiH2 content

Titanium hydride (TiH2), a promising high-energy additive, is doped into PTFE/Al to optimize the energy output structure of the reactive jet and strive for better aftereffect damage ability to the target. Six types of PTFE/Al/TiH2 reactive liners with different TiH2 content are prepared by the molding and sintering method. The energy release characteristics of PTFE/Al/TiH2 reactive jet are tested by the transient explosion energy test, and are characterized from pressure and temperature. The reaction delay time, pressure history, and temperature history of the energy release process are obtained, then the actual value of released energy and reaction efficiency of the reactive jet are calculated. The results show that the peak pressure and temperature of the PTFE/Al/TiH2 jet initially increase and then decrease with increasing TiH2 content. When the TiH2 content is 10%, the actual value of released energy and reaction efficiency increased by 24% and 6.4%, respectively, compared to the PTFE/Al jet. The reaction duration of the reactive material is significantly prolonged as the TiH2 content increased from 0% to 30%. Finally, combined with the energy release behaviors of PAT material and the dynamic deformation process of liner, the enhancement mechanism of TiH2 on energy release of the reactive jet is expounded.

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Channel Disturbance Zones in Big River, Southeast Missouri (1937–2018)

abstract: Ozarks watersheds have responded to land clearing and settlement disturbances by transporting large amounts of gravel and sediment to main valleys of medium-large river systems. Historical gravel and sediment accumulate in disturbance zones, which are areas of excessive channel activity that can be detected over time using historical aerial photographs. This project uses a series of aerial photos from 1937–2018 to identify disturbance zones in the Big River of southeast Missouri, which has a history of lead mining and ore processing that has caused widespread contamination of the channel and floodplain deposits. Variations in active areas of the historical meander belt show that disturbance zones account for 24 percent of the channel length at an interval of one per 2.5 km of channel. Megabars and extensions are the most prominent types of disturbance zones, but translations and cutoffs are larger with higher potential for sediment storage. From 1937 to 1976, areas of channel activity have cycled between expansion and contraction. However, after a period of recovery prior to 1976, disturbance zone areas have been expanding over the last 40 years likely in response to an increase in flood magnitude and frequency from more high intensity rainfall events since 1973.

Mexican American St. Mary’s: Ethnicity and Identity at a Catholic University in San Antonio, Texas, 1927–2000

Abstract: For generations, Mexican American and Latino students, mostly from San Antonio, El Paso, and South Texas border towns, have graduated from St. Mary’s University. Walking a fine line between cultural assimilation and seeking self-defined approaches to integration in U.S. society, activists among them sought a campus cultural and curricular environment that accounted for their traditions and identity. They encountered some religious and lay faculty and staff who recognized their special heritage-related culture and identity, but at the same time, the university remained mostly ambivalent about institutionalizing this diversity into campus life and curricula. As their numbers grew to approximately sixty-five percent in 2000, St. Mary’s eventually took on the designation of a Hispanic Serving Institution. This historical process of acknowledging the importance of ethnicity raises questions about how St. Mary’s University and other Catholic universities with Latino enrollments can holistically educate ethnic Mexican and Latino students in ways that speak to their history, culture, and religious traditions.