Historical Perspective Research Articles

Capacity to Consent to Sex: A Historical Perspective

Capacity to Consent to Sex: A Historical Perspective

An Overview of the Reformation brought by Christianity: A Historical and Bibliometric Perspective

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive historical and bibliometric analysis of the Reformation in Christianity, emphasizing its profound influence on religious, social, and political landscapes. The Reformation, initiated by key figures such as Martin Luther, marked a pivotal shift from the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations and significant reforms within the Catholic Church. This study integrates historical narratives with bibliometric methodologies to identify prevailing trends, influential works, and key contributors in Reformation studies. Analysing scholarly publications from 1964 to 2024, the paper highlights the evolution of research focus, emerging areas of interest, and the broader implications of Reformation principles on contemporary issues, including human rights, environmental activism, and socio-political reforms. The findings underscore the enduring legacy of the Reformation and its relevance to modern-day religious and socio-political contexts.

‘해결’ 전야에 4·3연구가 던져야 할 질문들 - 22대 국회 4·3특별법 개정안을 사례로

Ahead of the 22nd National Assembly elections, there had been a renewed push to amend the 4.3 Special Act. Shortly after the elections, the first bill proposed by the elected representatives with ties to Jeju was adopted as an amendment of the 4.3 Special Act, and it was proposed at the start of the 22nd National Assembly. This paper generally agrees with the common evaluation and stance that continually updated legislation will promote a ‘complete resolution’ and a ‘just resolution.’ Nevertheless, the purpose of this paper is to observe the symptomatic phenomenon of ‘resolution’ and to seek out research questions. In particular, by critically examining the issues that re-emerged around the 22nd National Assembly elections, the paper seeks to identify the questions that were overlooked in the process. The heightened effort to amend Article 2 (Definition) of the 4.3 Special Act ahead of the elections primarily focuses on changing the term ‘riot’ to ‘uprising.’ However, by not including the term ‘victim,’ which was a product of a riot-oriented historical perspective, in the amendment list, the approach has the limitation of not attempting to differentiate itself from the 20th and 21st National Assembly, which did not change ‘riot’ to ‘uprising.’

HISTORICAL MEMORY AS A MANIFESTATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE WORKS OF W. SAROYAN, J. HASHYAN

Armenian-American English-speaking writers often turn to historical memory aiming at maintaining national identity without forgetting the pastthis is the preserved present, the spiritual potential of the people, the continuity of the ethnos. Historical memory preserves people‘s national consciousness and selfconsciousness. Its role is especially great in such situations that threaten the nation. We frequently turn to history on how to behave in our days, and it gives us a clear answer. The most important component of identity of each nation is its historical memory. Armenian writers who spoke in foreign countries portrayed the history of their nation, their family and their humankind in order not to assimilate with foreign people, by preserving the consciousness of identity on the national level. In their works W. Saroyan, J. Hashyan emphasized the historical past, national spirit and sense of dignity as important traits that make up the basis of national identity. W. Saroyan gave importance to the unique national mentality, character, preservation of national traditions and customs. J. Hashyan focuses attention on the power of Armenians to withstand the bitterness of life, the formation of a generational reserve of national consciousness, the preservation of a strong family as a battle for the survival of the nation. On the basis of data reflecting the relationship between the Armenian and Turkish peoples of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, American Armenians presented the historical perspective of the Armenian people in their works.

Research on Application of Composite Facades for Civilian Reconstruction of Industrial Heritage in Cold Regions Based on Thermal Buffering Effect

Previous studies on the civil transformation of industrial heritage have been conducted mainly from the perspective of architectural history, culture and aesthetics, but rarely focus on energy-saving and the comfort of the new users. Most industrial heritage facades are of high conservation value, but efforts to preserve the authenticity of the facade can lead to the application of limited energy-saving technologies, ultimately resulting in poor indoor thermal environments. Therefore, it is valuable to research how to solve the contradiction between protecting the authenticity of the preserved facades of industrial heritage and improving the indoor environmental performance. This paper proposes two composite facade application strategies based on thermal buffer effects, takes two composite facades renovation methods of Shenyang Dongmao No. 2 Warehouse as an example, utilizes the natural environmental resources to enhance the spatial quality of industrial heritage. With the help of DesignBuilder software modelling simulation analysis, in-depth comparative analysis of the two types of composite facades on the indoor thermal environment of the industrial heritage of the impact and scope. Key findings show that the application of two different composite facade retrofitting techniques not only protects the skin texture of the wall, but also effectively increases the indoor temperature and reduces the indoor energy consumption of the industrial heritage. The composite facade of the external solid wall and the internal glass is more stable in raising the indoor temperature, more effective in reducing the building energy consumption, and more suitable for the civilian transformation of industrial heritage in cold areas. The research findings provide reference for studies on the civil transformation of industrial heritage, and serve as technical references for architects.

Malus sieversii: a historical, genetic, and conservational perspective of the primary progenitor species of domesticated apples

<i>Malus sieversii</i>: a historical, genetic, and conservational perspective of the primary progenitor species of domesticated apples

A Historical Perspective on the Phenomenon of Chinese Spring Festival Travel Rush

A Historical Perspective on the Phenomenon of Chinese Spring Festival Travel Rush

Tools to Assess Neurocognitive Development: Reciprocal Insights from Theory and Neuroscience

Neurocognitive assessments are fundamental for modeling human development. The proposition of this article is that insights from both theory and neuroscience can mutually advance each other, and both can serve as reciprocal tools for constructing improved assessments. Children begin with an abundance of neurons at birth and evolve into sophisticated problem solvers. Grounded in historical perspectives shaped by classic figures such as Ramon y Cajal, Binet, and Piaget, this article delves into the developmental theory of constructive operators. It integrates ideas from psychological theory and neuroscience findings. Four guiding principles emerge that can help steer the course of developmental cognitive neuroscience (i.e., age groupings, child-friendly and culture-appropriate assessments, and meta-subjective task analysis). These principles underscore the benefits of employing theoretically based measures that highlight cognitive potential in complement to learning outcomes and have applications both behaviorally and in neuroimaging. This strategic approach holds considerable promise for driving progress in science, education, clinical practice, and policymaking.

A STAR for the ages: a 30-year historical perspective of the role of transcription factors in the regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory gene expression.

The steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein is an essential cholesterol transporter that shuttles cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane in the major steroidogenic endocrine organs. It is a key player in the acute regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis in response to tropic hormone stimulation. Its discovery 30 years ago sparked immediate interest in understanding how STAR action is controlled. Since increased STAR gene expression is a classic feature of the acute regulation of steroidogenesis, a special emphasis was placed on defining the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that underlie its rapid induction in response to tropic hormone stimulation. These mechanisms include the effects of enhancers, the regulation of chromatin accessibility, the impact of epigenetic factors, and the role of transcription factors. Over the past three decades, understanding the transcription factors that regulate STAR gene expression has been the subject of more than 170 independent scientific publications, making it one of, and if not the best, studied genes in the steroidogenic pathway. This intense research effort has led to the identification of dozens of transcription factors and their related binding sites in STAR 5' flanking (promoter) sequences across multiple species. STAR gene transcription appears to be complex in that a large number of transcription factors have been proposed to interact with either isolated or overlapping regulatory sequences that are tightly clustered over a relatively short promoter region upstream of the STAR transcription start site. Many of these transcription factors appear to work in unique combinatorial codes and are impacted by diverse hormonal and intracellular signaling pathways. This review provides a retrospective overview of the transcription factors proposed to regulate both basal and acute (hormonal) STAR gene expression, and how insights in this area have evolved over the past 30 years.

HISTÓRIA DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NO BRASIL

This article is the result of a doctoral thesis in Education defended in the Postgraduate Program in Education at the São Paulo State University (UNESP). The objective of this work is to present the advancements, setbacks, and legislation regarding the training of teachers in Brazilian Professional Education from a historical perspective. It is qualitative research, focused on literature review, with emphasis on the most relevant federal normative documents from the period of 2012 to 2022 that dealt with this subject. The results point to: 1. The Brazilian government has been allowing, and more recently favoring, the previous professional experience of teachers in companies, especially in industries, as a requirement for working in professional education, specially at the technical level; 2. The Brazilian government has been offering various formative strategies to teachers who already work in this field but do not have a teaching degree, and we are currently unaware of their implications for the teaching-learning process; and 3. The government in this case has been assuming a position regarding the training of teachers for this specific field that demonstrates more continuities and similarities with the past experienced throughout the 20th century than ruptures and real changes.

Touches across time: queer as provenance

AbstractCarolyn Dinshaw describes her queer historical practice as being about looking for “an affective connection, for community, for even a touch across time” (1999, p 21). Queer engagements with records—these touches across time—are not easily or adequately accounted for in current conceptualisations of provenance. The dissonance between how we currently understand record co-creation, and the historical perspectives and recordkeeping needs of queer users, substantially and negatively impacts the visibility and accessibility of queer histories in institutional archival settings. In this paper, I articulate the proposed concept of queer as provenance. I argue that we must extend our current conceptualisation of multiple provenance beyond mere co-creatorship. With a focus on queer records and record users, I argue that we must expand our understanding to encapsulate not only the relationship between record, creator, and subject, but also the relationship between record, creator, subject, and user. Through a continuum lens, I consider how queer/ing engagements and interactions with, and responses to, queer records could and should inform our descriptive practices, and explore the potential of considering queer users as co-creators within such a dynamic. I conclude by articulating queer as provenance and consider its potential as a foundation on which transformative, reparative, and liberatory archival practices might be built.

Historical Perspectives on Older Americans’ Voting and Political Influence: Explorations of the Effects of Individual Aging, Life Cycle, and Generational Cohort

Historical Perspectives on Older Americans’ Voting and Political Influence: Explorations of the Effects of Individual Aging, Life Cycle, and Generational Cohort

The polder systems legacies in the early twentieth century affect the contemporary landscape in the Jianghan Plain of Hubei, China

The long-term interaction between the environment and humans has significantly shaped contemporary landscapes worldwide. As a heritage landscape, the polder is essential for understanding the impact of the past human activities on contemporary landscape on low-lying area of land. In this case study, we reconstructed the regional spatial distribution of the polders in the early twentieth century and examined their coherence over the past century using historical maps and other materials in the Jianghan Plain. The results revealed several key findings: (1) In the early twentieth century, there were 1571 polders covering an area of 11,826.1 km2 with a perimeter of 17,035.9 km. (2) These polders exhibited a J-shaped distribution, with few large-scale polders despite their substantial areas. (3) The shape of these polders reflected an ability to balance human needs and the natural environment. (4) Considerable regional differences in these polders were attributed to centuries-old interactions between humans and the environment. (5) The remnants of these early twentieth century polders have had a lasting influence on the contemporary landscape, particularly in rural areas. This case study underscores how taking into account a broader historical perspective can enhance our understanding of present-day landscapes and, more importantly, the role that past human actions have played in shaping them.

Structural characterization of TIR-domain signalosomes through a combination of structural biology approaches.

The TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain represents a vital structural element shared by proteins with roles in immunity signalling pathways across phyla (from humans and plants to bacteria). Decades of research have finally led to identifying the key features of the molecular basis of signalling by these domains, including the formation of open-ended (filamentous) assemblies (responsible for the signalling by cooperative assembly formation mechanism, SCAF) and enzymatic activities involving the cleavage of nucleotides. We present a historical perspective of the research that led to this understanding, highlighting the roles that different structural methods played in this process: X-ray crystallography (including serial crystallography), microED (micro-crystal electron diffraction), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and cryo-EM (cryogenic electron microscopy) involving helical reconstruction and single-particle analysis. This perspective emphasizes the complementarity of different structural approaches.

Energy transformation in bioenergetics systems. A historical perspective

Energy transformation in bioenergetics systems. A historical perspective

Language Choice and the Problematics of Ideology in the Pre- and Post-Independence Ghanaian Press: A Historical and Cultural Analysis

This study adds to the existing literature on the history of the Ghanaian press from pre-colonial times to 1992, focusing on language: its choice and ideological, socio-cultural, and political ramifications. While the history of the press has received massive scholarly attention, the same cannot be said of language and its use in historical accounts. Thus, from a historical research perspective, employing an analytical and interpretive study of secondary data sources, and underpinned by cultural theories such as linguistic imperialism and hegemony, this study analyses how language was featured in the press during the research period and the implications thereof. This analysis shows that various institutions and individuals exploited language to foster narrow socio-cultural, ideological, and political agendas in the Gold Coast, later Ghana. This study also revealed that language use and its ideological forces during the pre- and immediate post-independence periods contributed immensely to Ghanaian media’s current state and Ghanaians’ general language attitudes. This study’s significance lies in the realisation that language, as a cultural artifact, and its choice, use, and consumption could have far-reaching consequences for the self-realisation, actualisation, and general progress of a society. Thus, African societies should be mindful of the ideological implications of language choices not just in the press but also in other societal contexts. This study, therefore, invites further studies on language and its use in the media, especially from 1992, for a more comprehensive appreciation of the issues raised in this study.

Putting the ‘critical’ in heritage studies from non-Anglophone regions: China and beyond

ABSTRACT Mapping the future trajectory of critical heritage studies, this paper provides a non-Anglophone perspective on the concept of ‘critical’ within the contemporary framework of critical heritage studies in China. It emphasises that scholarship from non-Anglophone regions should not be marginalised as a mere footnote, stereotypically portrayed as ‘the other’ in relation to Western discourse. Instead, these perspectives actively contribute to the field, engaging with global challenges. The notion of being ‘critical’ in this context is not a simple translation or appropriation of Western concepts, nor a straightforward critique of prevailing political and value systems. Rather, it represents an approach that integrates historical, transcultural, and political perspectives deeply rooted in local society and culture. These insights empower scholarship from non-Anglophone regions to enrich critical heritage studies with diverse intellectual resources, avoiding new forms of Western imperialism. In doing so, they fulfill critical heritage studies’ foundational promise of reshaping power dynamics in the realm of heritage studies.

Historical perspectives of critical care in India and worldwide

Historical perspectives of critical care in India and worldwide

The New EU Industrial Policy: Opening Up New Frontiers for Financial Capital

The EU has implemented a whole array of industrial policy programmes over the past decade to bolster the competitiveness of selected knowledge-intensive industries and to induce a digital and green transition. Responding to shifting competitive challenges in global capitalism, and the adoption of industrial strategies by other major economies, the new EU industrial policy seeks to onshore manufacturing capacity in sectors of geoeconomic importance, and simultaneously reduce dependencies on global value chains. Drawing on a historical materialist perspective, this article historizes and contextualises the financing strategies adopted within EU industrial policy. Faced with tight budgetary constraints, and deficit spending not being an option at the EU level, unlocking private investment takes centre stage, such as by tapping into capital markets or using member state aid or EU structural funds as a precursor, as well as by incentivising private investments through risk-absorbing financial instruments that rely on the EU budgetary resources. As will be shown, the EU has been experimenting with such risk-absorbing financial gimmicks for industrial policy purposes since the 1990s; yet, their usage has reached unprecedented levels with the heightened geoeconomic tensions since the 2008 and Covid-19 crises. The article demonstrates moreover that organised factions within financial and industrial capital have actively advocated for public safeguards, and that their deployment thus is not merely a functionalist response to shifting power dynamics or a desperate last resort in the absence of a supranational fiscal policy.

The Theological Message of the Opening Vision of Isaiah 6

The main objective of our present study is to underline the theological feature of Isaiah's first vision (Is 6). In the first part, the author presents some isagogic directions concerning The Book of Isaiah and its early vision. In the second part of our study, the vision from Is 6 is analysed more theologically, covering topics such as angelology, eschatology, divine glory and the prophet's ministry. The author suggests that the earthly world and the heavenly one should be viewed in a more connected way, even as a unity (this being possible only from a liturgical perspective). Is 6:9-13 contains not only the announcement of God's justice but also the promise of recompense; in Is 6, the glory of God is closely connected to the Temple from Jerusalem and the Temple emptied by the glory of God, the punishment of Israel is envisaged. Even thou God's punishment was imminent, and the prophet Isaiah was sent to “make the heart of this people dull” (Is 6:10) he never ceases to urge the people of Israel to repentance. The study concludes by highlighting the perennial character of Isaiah's revealed words. All four gospels of the New Testament connect Jesus's saying by referring at least once to Is 6:9 (Mt 13:14; Mk 4:12; Lk 8:10; Jn 12:40). This verse is also used by Paul the Apostle regarding the Jews from Rome (Acts 28:25-26). Having studied both Romanian and Western literature, the author's interpretation is characterised by historical, literary and symbolic perspectives; the goal being spiritual enrichment from the presented text.