Historical Figures Research Articles

Cricket, Literary Culture and In-Groups in Early Twentieth-Century Britain

Abstract This article posits that team sports can provide fresh insights into the place of leisure pursuits in the lives, networks and outlooks of historical literary figures. The social and literary role of the Authors Eleven, a cricket side of London-based writers active between 1899 and 1912, is explored through three case studies. George Ives was a pioneering campaigner for gay rights, who used cricket to bolster his homosexual identity. E. W. Hornung, creator of the famous cricketer-thief Raffles, saw cricket as the ideal training – and analogy – for imperialism. And P. G. Wodehouse, author of the Jeeves and Wooster stories, first made his name writing cricket-filled magazine pieces. All three writers saw their involvement in cricket, particularly the Authors Eleven in-group, as an essential component of their social status. The Authors Eleven thus presents a potent example of embodied sociability, whereby the specific nature of what these individuals were doing together (in this case, playing cricket) has a bearing on their friendships and their intellectual outlooks. As ways of understanding the lives and cultural significance of historical figures, shared physical activity and embodied sociability need to be accorded much more importance than they have been hitherto.

From Utopia to Dystopia: The Cyclical Nature of Power in Orwell’s Animal Farm

This article explores the cyclical nature of power as depicted in George Orwell’s Animal Farm, focusing on the progression from utopia to dystopia. Initially a critique of the Russian Revolution and Stalinist Russia, Orwell’s novella illustrates the corrupting influence of centralized authority and the betrayal of revolutionary ideals. Through the characters of Napoleon and Snowball, Orwell reflects the historical figures of Stalin and Trotsky, showing how revolutions driven by ideals of equality often devolve into new forms of tyranny. The article examines Orwell’s use of allegory and symbolism to convey his broader critique of totalitarianism and the universal dangers of unchecked power. The final transformation of the pigs into human-like oppressors underscores the tragic cycle in which the oppressed become indistinguishable from their former rulers. Orwell’s message remains relevant today, offering a timeless warning about the fragility of freedom and the corrosive effects of absolute power.

Analysis of the contributions of Galenic medicine to pharmacology

Introduction: Pharmacology is commonly perceived as a field of study of modern medicine, however there were historical figures who, since ancient times, established the bases and properties of numerous drugs. Galen developed the foundations of pharmacology through observation and experimentation. . with various natural substances, including plants.Objective: Analyze the contributions of galenic medicine to the development of pharmacology and phytopharmacology.Methods: A literature review was carried out using academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar, focusing on studies on Galen's contributions to the topic studied. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select bibliographic sources, and a qualitative analysis of the extracted data was performed to synthesize the findings into relevant thematic categories.Results: Although Galen's research methods were not always ethical, nor were his conceptions of the human being completely accurate, his contribution to pharmacology is undeniable and fundamental. He transformed the pharmacology of his time, based on humoral theory, towards a rational and systematic classification of drugs, introducing concepts such as dosage and active ingredients. In addition, he established bases for phytopharmacology and conceptualized the minimum theoretical principles of toxicology.Conclusions: Galen made a series of reflections and associations of ideas that allowed him to accumulate extensive experience based on a scientific method that he himself promoted. This approach remains relevant today, evidencing the durability of his contributions to medical science.

“Zhuge Kongming becomes reborn as a clownish partygoer!”: Linguistic carnivalization, critical metapragmatics of danmu, and mediatized neoliberal (inter)subjectivity

The Chinese video-sharing platform of bilibili experiences a ‘Kongming fever’, wherein danmu commenters collectively parodize the historical figure Zhuge Kongming, a pre-existing indexical of Confucianist value beliefs institutionalized by the official authority. Drawing upon Bakhtinian carnivalesque (‘free and familiar contact’ and ‘parodic profanation’), the present study proposes the analytical framework of ‘linguistic carnivalization’ as a critical metapragmatic approach (i.e., subjectivity-oriented). The multimodal analysis of danmu comments reveals how digital users appropriate multiple semiotic resources to construct carnivalesque, including vulgar linguistic varieties from media culture, netspeak genre, poetic patterns of textual repetition, and inversive sign vehicles and rescripting. As a discursive-affective effect of such carnivalization processes, Kongming’s ‘serious’ Confucianist personae and indexed ideological expectations become playfully mediatized, profaned, and transformed into new images of personhood (‘livestreaming microcelebrity’ and ‘hedonic partygoer’) according to mass popular culture. In so doing, the Chinese netizens metapragmatically negotiate existing sociocultural hierarchies and reposition themselves as neoliberal subjects. This paper further suggests that the ‘inside-out’ and ‘down-to-earth’ power of linguistic carnivalization does not simply reside in creating aesthetic humor within a local cybercommunity, but importantly owns critical implications for illuminating variegated forms of neoliberal discourse and (re)production of neoliberal subjectivity under large-scale political economic conditions.

INFORMING THROUGH HISTORY: ARTICLES ABOUT ISHAN-MULLAHS IN THE SOVIET PRESS AS A TOOL FOR TEACHING STUDENTS

The article analyzes the social portrait of religious figures represented in Kazakh periodicals of the Soviet period. Special attention is paid to the coverage of these figures in the newspaper “Kazakh” and the comparison with the derogatory tone characteristic of the newspaper “Ak zhol”. The emphasis is placed on the importance of accurately documenting the fate of the khojas, mullahs, Islamists and pilgrims who became victims of Soviet power repression, as well as their role in the resistance in conditions of political upheaval.The position of the newspaper "Ak zhol" and the national intelligentsia on these issues was also evaluated. Since Kazakhstan is a secular and multi-confessional state that values peaceful coexistence and religious stability, understanding the historical context through the press is important for the development of national science and education.The article emphasizes the need to preserve and disseminate information about these historical figures in order to promotea deeper understanding of religious and cultural dynamics. In conclusion, it is noted that the work on restoring historical justice and researching the repressions of the past contributes to strengthening identity and national memory, which is key to the formation of a conscious and informed society, including young generation.

The Unbearable Whiteness of John Brown: Theatrical Legacies and Performing Abolition

Abstract: John Brown is a figure so intensely contested as to embody diametrically opposed meanings according to the varied contexts in which his image has been activated. At times hailed as the man who started the US Civil War, Brown has been variously described as a righteous abolitionist, a religious zealot, a gifted orator, a formidable military strategist, a self-appointed white savior, and a madman. Today, Brown is conjured in the name of all manner of causes, from leftist gun clubs to collegiate sports, while his theatricalized image is activated in wildly disparate ways. The apparent singularity of Brown as a historical figure, together with his ready adoption and deployment across various arenas—from entertainment to revolutionary politics—presents a problem familiar to theatre and performance scholars, namely the space between the image or concept of a person (or a character) and their actual performance, in life or onstage. There is perhaps an obvious tension in the ways that John Brown is remembered and reperformed and for whom he is remembered and reperformed. Or, as Ted A. Smith points out in thinking with Brown: "An image, however iconic, is not an argument."

Preserving cultural legacy through the explicit teaching of idiomatic language: a case study of AmaXhosa proverbs and idioms

This article examines the explicit and systematic teaching of idiomatic language, with a particular emphasis on the history of the AmaXhosa people. This methodological approach is qualitative research to study and gain insight into proverbs and idioms in the context of AmaXhosa culture and history. The theoretical underpinning is based on the multidimensional nature of idioms, their relationship to historical knowledge preservation, and the dynamic interactions between language and culture. Specific proverbs are analysed, contrasting them with contemporary usage, to reveal language change. The literature review establishes idioms as unique expressions, emphasising their role in conveying historical information and cultural values. References to historical figures like Makhanda and Nongqawuse illustrate how these linguistic expressions encapsulate narratives and complexities in AmaXhosa history. Proverbs and idioms, as tools for historical storytelling, not only impart moral lessons, but also contribute to the preservation and transmission of cultural heritage. A sample of four proverbs and three idioms was carefully selected from Mesatywa’s book Izaci namaqhalo esiXhosa. This article concludes by advocating for the continued teaching and documentation of proverbs and idioms to safeguard the rich cultural legacy of the AmaXhosa people.

Additions to the ICPS Achievement Awards webpage

The ICPS Achievement Awards webpage on the public ICPS website is a new section with short biographies of historic figures who made contributions to the study and taxonomy of carnivorous plants.

Biometric-Tuned E-Skin Sensor with Real Fingerprints Provides Insights on Tactile Perception: Rosa Parks Had Better Surface Vibrational Sensation than Richard Nixon.

The dense mechanoreceptors in human fingertips enable texture discrimination. Recent advances in flexible electronics have created tactile sensors that effectively replicate slowly adapting (SA) and rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors. However, the influence of dermatoglyphic structures on tactile signal transmission, such as the effect of fingerprint ridge filtering on friction-induced vibration frequencies, remains unexplored. A novel multi-layer flexible sensor with an artificially synthesized skin surface capable of replicating arbitrary fingerprints is developed. This sensor simultaneously detects pressure (SA response) and vibration (RA response), enabling texture recognition. Fingerprint ridge patterns from notable historical figures - Rosa Parks, Richard Nixon, Martin Luther King Jr., and Ronald Reagan - are fabricated on the sensor surface. Vibration frequency responses to assorted fabric textures are measured and compared between fingerprint replicas. Results demonstrate that fingerprint topography substantially impacts skin-surface vibrational transmission. Specifically, Parks' fingerprint structure conveyed higher frequencies more clearly than those of Nixon, King, or Reagan. This work suggests individual fingerprint ridge morphological variation influences tactile perception and can confer adaptive advantages for fine texture discrimination. The flexible bioinspired sensor provides new insights into human vibrotactile processing by modeling fingerprint-filtered mechanical signals at the finger-object interface.

「부론강」에 나타난 장소성 구축과 로컬 정체성 연구

Labor writer Lee In-hwi’s ‘Buron River’ clearly reveals ‘Buron-ness’ through the journey of the space called ‘Buron’ becoming a place from a minority anti-capitalist, other-oriented perspective. In the Anthropocene, where locality is highlighted and reflection on human-centered and human exceptional thinking is required, this novel moves away from people-centered and focuses on communication and response with nature such as trees, rivers, and land, and the meaning of historical figures and relics/remains between humans and humans. It presents an inhumane turn while providing equal and fair consideration and placement. Buron-myeon, Wonju-si, where the writer from Seoul happened to settle, is a place where self-care and wound healing are realized, and it contains topographical and historical significance with the characteristics of motherhood and inclusiveness of the Namhan River, Seom River, Chiaksan Mountain, Baekunsan Mountain, and Mireuksan Mountain. ‘Dream Seekers’, a bar and active community created by people from outside, is a place where self-sufficiency through communal farming, samulnori, caring for others, and local culture take place.Those who want to reflect on the use of land, which was a means of human profit, and escape from capitalism, overcome their wounds and open their hearts in Buron. The setting of a community made up of outsiders and strangers rather than natives or locals allows us to escape from the limitations of regional bias and a sense of home that is overly romanticized and portrayed only as beautiful and positive. In the Buron area, love of place and love of life are expressed through physical harmony with nature, such as thousand-year-old zelkova trees, a river that embraces and allows infinitely, and an abandoned temple site with solitude and mystery. In the literary representation of the Buron region, humans, Nature and history are arranged fairly and balancedly. “Buron River,” in which space is specifically transformed into a place, is evaluated as a very unique and original regional ecology (life) novel that highlights the identity of Buron, Wonju City, clearly and clearly enough to become a model.

BRAVERY, COURAGE AND HEROISM AS ONE OF OUR NATIONAL-SPIRITUAL VALUES FROM OF OUR HISTORY

The article provides information about the national moral values of courage, bravery and heroism. The historical roots of these values are revealed and examples of historical figures full of courage are given. At the same time, the place and role of the problem under consideration is highlighted in Azerbaijani pedagogical literature. In the article, textbooks of literature and history of Azerbaijan in grades V-IX of secondary school were examined from the point of view of problems, topics were systematized, and examples were given. The article ends with a general conclusion.

Symbolic association networks: A case study of orchestral programming’s effect on the reputation of composers

A type of symbolic association network for the development of reputation is described and tested. Associations between people in these networks are not based on individual interaction, but rather are created by “reputational entrepreneurs” based on perceived symbolic association between people. We argue the intent of this type of connection is to add to the reputational information about those connected and we test whether a network of such associations influence cultural recognition. To do this, we use dyadic connections between classical music composers created by conductors for orchestra performance and determine whether a composer’s symbolic association network (SAN) aids recognition in publications. We find SANs to have a significant impact on the extent of reputational recognition, even when holding a composer’s individual status achievements constant. Composers with a large symbolic association network and those who bridge unconnected composers tend to receive more recognition. We discuss the influence of symbolic association networks on perception of reputational significance. We suggest SANs may advance research in reputation and culture particularly when considering actors whose reputation is active beyond their work or lifetime, such as artists, writers, musicians, and historical figures.

The Category Of Emotivity In Context Of Modern Cognitive Linguistics

This article explores the category of emotivity within the framework of modern cognitive linguistics, focusing on its anthropocentric aspects. Cognitive linguistics, often debated regarding its relevance as a field, is considered in this study through the lens of linguistic emotivity, particularly how humans process emotions in communication. The methodology builds on semiotic principles of semantics, syntax, and pragmatics to analyze emotive language's conceptual, evaluative, and functional parameters. The study delves into the interconnectedness between cognitive linguistics and pragmalinguistics, tracing its roots to historical figures like Z. Freud and E. Sepir. The research also highlights the impact of emotions on language perception and categorization, offering insights into the emotive nature of human communication.

Jiang Qing, the Iconic Anti-icon: Visual Dissection of Female Political Power in Post-Mao People's Republic of China

This article examines how, in the years following the end of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Jiang Qing 江青 (1914–91) became a negative icon of a liberated woman in high office in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). During the Cultural Revolution, Jiang Qing transformed herself into a model female political leader. After her arrest in 1976, however, political caricatures systematically deconstructed her curated image by transforming her into the antithesis of the ideal powerful woman in a socialist society. Since a model liberated female politician was not yet available, Jiang Qing served as an “iconic anti-iconic” of women in politics under state socialism. Acknowledging the importance of Jiang Qing as a historical figure in Maoist China, this article analyzes how post–Cultural Revolution caricatures of her provide us with an understanding of the Chinese Communist Party’s anxieties about women in power, and it raises questions about the absence of an iconic woman-leader in the PRC’ s political visual culture despite years of campaigning to achieve women’s liberation.

The Application of Graphology in Assessing Deaf People's Communication and Social Interaction Abilities

Graphology, the study of handwriting, has been used to interpret an individual's character and personality. This study examined the application of graphology in assessing the communication and social interaction abilities of deaf people. Deaf individuals face challenges in building social relationships and communicating with others because of their hearing impairment and reliance on nonverbal communication techniques such as sign language. Previous research has explored the potential of graphology in diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mental retardation as well as in revealing the psychological aspects of historical figures. However, few studies have investigated the application of graphology in assessing the counseling needs of deaf individuals. This study employed a qualitative approach to analyze the handwriting samples of deaf participants using graphological techniques. The findings revealed that intensifying and reducing signs in the handwriting of deaf individuals influenced their communication and social interaction abilities. This study highlights the potential of graphology as an alternative assessment tool for understanding the characteristics and conditions of deaf individuals, without relying on oral communication. These results contribute to the field of counseling by providing insights for assessors, such as psychologists and counselors, to develop appropriate interventions and approaches tailored to the unique needs of deaf individuals. Further research is recommended to explore the effectiveness of graphology-based interventions in enhancing communication and social interaction skills of deaf individuals.

The history of the Porto Palermo Castle and the significance of its Greek inscription

The castle in Porto Palermo is an important historical site with a Greek inscription, which is of great cultural significance for the region and the whole world, testifying to the ancient history and connection with different cultures and eras. The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of this inscription in the context of the history of the castle in Porto Palermo. Throughout the study, various theoretical methods of understanding were employed, including analysis, synthesis, specification, abstraction, and generalization. The research revealed that Porto Palermo, formerly known as the ancient Epirot city of Panormi, maintained its significance as a fortress throughout the Middle Ages, serving trade interests. By the end of the 18th century, the region came under the governance of Governor Ali Tepelene. It was determined that the Porto Palermo Fortress, constructed in 1803, situated on a peninsula, features a triangular shape, towering walls, bastions, and marble slabs inscribed with Greek text, emphasizing the historical importance of the castle and past events. It is described that in the Paschalëk region under the Ottoman Empire's rule, where the fortress stood, Greek became the official language at Ali Pasha's court, fostering unity among different ethnic groups despite linguistic differences. Remarkably, during Ali Pasha's era, Albanians had yet to acquire national status. It is described that on the white marble plaque, there is a relief inscription in Greek script, which elaborately describes the historical aspects of the castle, the greatness of Ali Tepelene, his significance as a historical figure for Albania and Greece, and his recognition as an unparalleled military leader. This study is important for historians whose subject is Albania under Ottoman rule, as it is possible to deepen and broaden general historical knowledge by studying such elements of culture and architecture.

Educational Policy and Activities of East India Company (1600-1765)

Abstract: The 19th century witnessed a profound transformation in the political landscape of many regions, characterized by the rise of nationalism and the subsequent formation of nation-states. This research work delves into the historical context, key drivers, and consequences of this significant historical phenomenon. The research offers light on a crucial time in global history by investigating the causes of nationalism and its effects on the formation of nation-states. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research draws from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives to analyze the rise of nationalism. It delves at how many peoples inside established empires and territories felt a feeling of commonality due to their shared cultural, linguistic, and historical identities. The work delves into the influence of Enlightenment ideas, Romanticism, and intellectual movements that fueled the concept of self-determination and the sovereignty of distinct nations. The study also scrutinizes the role of key historical events and figures that catalyzed the nationalist fervor. From the unification of Italy led by Giuseppe Garibaldi to the German unification orchestrated by Otto von Bismarck, the work examines the strategies employed to consolidate fragmented territories into cohesive nation-states. It also considers the implications of these transformations on regional stability, diplomacy, and balance of power. Furthermore, the research investigates the potential tensions arising from the juxtaposition of national identities and existing imperial structures. It delves into instances where nationalism clashed with multiethnic empires, often leading to complex negotiations of autonomy, self-governance, or secession.

Elucidation of the Educational Discourse within the Admonitions of Luqman the Wise

This study explores and analyzes the educational discourse embedded within the admonitions of Luqman the Wise, a historical figure renowned for his wisdom and profound contemplations. The research delves deeply into the examination of values and ethics manifested in these admonitions, exploring how they can serve as a significant source of inspiration and guidance for personal development and societal advancement. The study addresses the cultural and religious context in which Luqman's admonitions originated, shedding light on how the educational discourse is reflected in the teachings of Islam. Methodologically, the study employs a meticulous approach to Quranic texts related to Luqman's admonitions, drawing support from relevant prophetic traditions (hadith). The research undertakes an in-depth analysis of the Quranic context that distinguishes Luqman's admonitions, with a specific focus on their impact in delineating values and educational guidelines associated with Islam. Additionally, the research draws upon specific Quranic references to support a profound analysis of the educational values within Luqman's admonitions. For instance, the Quran 31:13-19, alludes to the wisdom of Luqman the Wise and his sagacious guidance to his son, underscoring the significance of the Islamic understanding of these admonitions. Therefore, these admonitions worth to be recommended for an individual in our current society.

Charles Darwin, Percy Grainger, and John Blacking: Reflections on the Historical Emergence of Music as a Human Universal

Music from every culture throughout history is now available at the click of a mouse. Prior to the development of recording, the unfamiliar largely separated musical cultures. This paper sets out a narrative to illustrate the framework through which a universalist approach to music emerged over the period 1871–1970, derived from placing in relation to one another accounts of the influence of three historical figures. The first is Darwin, whose theories of evolution embraced speculation on the origin and purpose of music, and who himself wrote about the effect on him of encountering unfamiliar musical styles in the Southern Hemisphere. The second is Grainger, influenced by Darwin’s work and persuasively concerned to open musical contact between all cultures. The third is Blacking, a pioneer in ethnomusicology and commentator on Grainger’s ideas. Tracing the links between these authors inevitably represents an English-language historical perspective on the issues of colonization, cultural appropriation, and the educational influence of a dominant culture. In offering such a historical account of fluctuating experience of ‘the other’ in music, the aim is to illustrate these authors’ contribution towards convergence on an open, informed position consistent with viewing musical exchange from a universalist perspective.

STRATEGIC USE OF EROTIC CAPITAL IN CHALLENGING PATRIARCHY: THE CASE OF KURIYEDATH THATRI AND ITS CINEMATIC REPRESENTATION IN PARINAYAM

The article examines the concept of erotic capital and its use by women to fight against the patriarchal system, with a focus on the historical figure, Kuriyedath Thatri (also called Thatrikutty) from the Namboodiri community in Kerala. The study aims to understand Thatrikutty’s strategic deployment of erotic capital, which marked an end to the chastity trial of smarthavicharam within the community. Additionally, it critiques the 1994 Malayalam movie Parinayam, which is based on Thatrikutty’s life, for its lack of portrayal of erotic capital. Employing a qualitative analysis, the study begins with an overview of the condition of Namboodiri women and the concept of smarthavicharam. It then delves into how Thatrikutty used her erotic capital as a weapon against the oppressive system. Subsequently, the article shifts focus to the movie Parinayam, detailing the film’s failure to depict erotic capital. The findings reveal how women can use erotic capital as a powerful weapon to challenge patriarchal oppressions, as exemplified by Thatrikutty’s actions. The study also finds out that the lack of portrayal of erotic capital in the movie Parinayam, accounts to the attempt to suit the movie to societal thoughts, concerning the response of a wide audience.