Background. The study examines the unique evolution of the historical novel genre following its rise to prominence in the first half of the 19th century, driven by Walter Scott's "Waverley Novels". The further development of the genre in early Victorian and mid-19th century English literature is traced, particularly in the works of G. P. R. James, W. H. Ainsworth, E. Bulwer-Lytton, and C. Kingsley. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to reinterpret issues of history, and the interaction between history and literature in the context of contemporary literary discourse. The goal of the research is to identify the artistic dominants and main directions of the development of the historical novel throughout the 19th century. Methods. The research employs a combined approach that integrates elements of historical-cultural, comparative-historical, and reception-aesthetic methods, as well as genre and postmodernist criticism. The research strategy is also based on methods of semantic, stylistic, narratological, contextual, intertextual, and textual analysis with elements of comparative typology. Results. It has been established that the formation of the historical novel genre and its rapidly growing popularity indicate a shift in aesthetic dominants in 19th-century literature. The popularity of Walter Scott's novels coincides with an intensified interest in national history during the Victorian period. The historical works of Thomas Carlyle and Thomas Babington Macaulay significantly contribute to the rising authority and popularity of historical fiction, influencing writers. Victorian historical novelists advocate for adherence to factual accuracy. At the same time, there emerges a tendency within the genre towards formulaic romanticization and mythologization of historical portrayals to cater to popular tastes. Сonclusions. The rising popularity of Victorian historical novels was not accompanied by an improvement in their artistic qualities. As the genre became more popular, it gradually lost the best features of the Walter Scott model. Mid-19th century English historical novels interpret history in connection with contemporary issues, often marked by bias, didacticism, and ideological engagement. The depiction of history allowed Victorian writers to illustrate progressive changes and celebrate the triumph of contemporary progress over the "old times," thereby reflecting the Enlightenment view of history that was also characteristic of Victorian progressivism.
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