Historical Digression Research Articles

Державне регулювання інвестиційної діяльності в сільському господарстві: нормативно-правовий аспект

Based on the analysis of the world practice of the State regulation of investment activity in agriculture, the article sets priorities that include the development of a regulatory framework, formation of international and the State investment programs, accumulation of investment resources and financing of specific agricultural investment projects. Normative-legal regulation of investment activity in agriculture is analyzed based on consideration of aggregate measures carried out by public authorities, adoption and implementation of legal acts in accordance with institutional powers. The legal basis of this process is the Laws of Ukraine, decrees of the President of Ukraine, resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, orders and directives of the relevant government institutions. For their analysis, a historical digression was made and the evolution of the formation of the normative-legal mechanism of the State regulation of investment activity in agriculture, in particular by periodizing this process, was revealed. The separation of five stages of formation of the normative-legal mechanism of the State regulation of investment activity in agriculture allowed to pay more attention to qualitative changes in agrarian policy, gradual introduction of private land ownership, regulation of agricultural land use. The necessity of further improvement of the legal framework of investment activity in agriculture as an effective factor in the formation of a favorable investment climate and the implementation of relevant activities is substantiated. In this context, the significance of the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Conditions of Circulation of Agricultural Land" and its alleged introduction of market circulation of agricultural land is revealed. It should be expected that the practical implementation of its provisions will help attract long-term lending to agricultural production and significantly expand investment activities.

ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ НА РІВНІ ОРГАНІВ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ

The article is devoted to the current topic of today – the introduction of the concept of circular economy in the economy of united territorial communities, in the framework of sustainable development, which involves a gradual transition from a linear model of economy to a closed cycle economy. The article reveals the general concept of circular economy, gives a historical digression on its origin, and considers the principles of circular economy that can be applied at the level of local governments. In addition, the article reviews the research of scientists from different countries on the subject of circular economy. The article also presents a review of business models of the circular economy that could be useful for use at the local level and provides some comments on their application. It is concluded that taking into account the ideas of the circular economy in the formation of directions of community development is not only a modern trend, but also a very important impetus to ensure their competitive advantage in the long run. Further implementation of innovative business models can ensure that technical and biological materials continue to play an active role in the community economy and those important natural resources are preserved. There are still many issues that need detailed research and practical implementation at both the state and local levels of public administration and at the business level. Therefore, the path to an eco-future remains relevant and open in terms of Ukraine’s development. The state already has the first steps and a plan until 2030 on how to reduce the level of garbage, raise the level of awareness of citizens and businesses in terms of the transition to a circular economy. The transition to a circular economy, in particular as a result of the use of renewable energy, will reduce the level of negative impact on the environment and ensure the balance of environmental, economic and social components of sustainable development. This article is an overview, it will help to get acquainted with the concept of circular economy and see the real situation in terms of Ukraine’s development.

МАСШТАБИ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ ВИМІРИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІВДЕННОКОРЕЙСЬКИХ КОРПОРАЦІЙ В УМОВАХ ЇХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ

An article examines the activities of the largest South Korean corporations, the impact of the information and communications technologies on the corporate development and their competitive leadership in the global paradigm of the global scientific and technological progress. Author has been conducted a historical digression into the process of the country’s economic model formation, focused attention on the government’s support in the field of the patenting in the technological sectors of South Korean economy. The comparative analysis of the largest South Korean high-tech corporations has been conducted by the most important financial indicators: net profit, market capitalization, assets and sales. It’s proved that due to the influence of the information and communication technologies on the traditional business, the significant transformations have been completed in the industry and production sectors. It is noted, that the companies, which have digital service as a main product in their production, increases importance and strengthen of their positions in the modern digital society. Maintaining the global competitive leadership positions and been flexible business structures on the internal and external markets, chaebols became the most influential players in South Korean National economy. Due to the influence of the Industry 4.0 and using in the mass production the information and communications technologies in Korean industry, allowed country to became an innovation leader of the technologies and maintain the competitive leaderships on the global markets. The constant intensification of competition on the global markets increase the pressure on the all actors and directly enforce them to develop innovative projects and diversify their business activity using the information and communications technologies. With the acceleration of the scientific and technological progress due to protecting and financially stimulating inventors on the Government level during the last 40 years, the local Korean companies had been able to renovate technologies and to retain intellectual capital in the country.

Ways and methods of improving the efficiency of the educational course «Journalism Skills»

The main purpose of scientific intelligence is to identify and analyze the techniques and methods of improving the effectiveness of one of the most popular and pragmatic training courses. «Journalistic skills» is read as a theoretical course with a large number of practical ones, but this is clearly not enough, so we offer original methods of raising the level of journalistic activity, analysis of facts, based on the practice of domestic and foreign media. The article provides a solid historical digression; it is recommended to use the appropriate advice of generations of Ukrainian researchers on the professional discipline. The individual approach to the training and retraining of reporters and analysts in print and online publications is demonstrated by specific examples. The optimal ways of combining a theoretical course and practical work to improve journalistic skills in domestic universities and the media are proposed.

СОБОРНІСТЬ ЯК ПРИНЦИП ДЕРЖАВНОЇ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ: ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ СОЦІОЛОГІЧНИХ ОПИТУВАНЬ

The article uses the results of the latest sociological surveys to examine the role and significance of the principle of сonciliarity in the implementation of regional policy in Ukraine. A historical digression is made on the question of the reasons that for a long time made it impossible to achieve the goal of uniting all ethnic Ukrainian lands in a single independent state. In particular, attention is paid to the reasons for the lack of values and organizational unity in the environment of interwar Ukrainian political emigration.It is shown that even today, almost thirty years after the restoration of Ukraine's independence in August 1991, a number of historical factors, including its long-term statelessness and the affiliation of certain parts of it to various foreign socio-cultural systems, continue to be indirectly manifested in various regional segments. Ukrainian society with different models of social behavior, mental and ideological characteristics, political, geopolitical, linguistic and religious orientations, which together significantly affect social development and state-building processes.Based on the analysis of official state documents on regional policy, it is concluded that they only partially emphasize the problems associated with ensuring the unity of regional development of Ukraine. Thus, the article argues the need to strengthen this area of state regional policy, including in order to accelerate the formation of a single Ukrainian political nation with common social ideals and patriotic public position.

Plant sciences and phytosemiotics as part of culture

The article is devoted to the role of research in the field of biology, behaviorism and cognitive science of plants in changing not only scientific, but also cultural discourses. A brief overview of the cultural plant heritage is given, mentioning the reasons for the objectification of plants with the adoption of a mechanistic picture of the world and the debunking of the mystery of nature. The author examines modern changes in the understanding of plant life on the basis of new research in the field of electrophysiology and plant behaviorism, while providing a small historical digression of how the attitude to plants in biology and semiotics developed and changed. In particular, the emergence of phytosemiotics as part of the semiotic system of humans and animals, and its transformation into phytosemiotics per se under the influence of new research results in the field of neurobiology of plants and their behavior was considered. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of new data in the field of plant behavior and signaling from the standpoint of biosemiotics, rethinking the semiotic reality of plants: despite the fact that plants have a different way of life from animals, functionality and radically different morphology, they are nevertheless comparable, which allows plants to stand on the same level with animal organisms in semiotic reality, to gain agency. This opens up a wide field for further research not only in plant biology, behaviorism, but also the further development of phytosemiotics, ecosemiotics, ethics and aesthetics. A special contribution of the author is the rethinking of the plant semiotic niche: the transition of plants from the iconic semiosis to the index one.

The Emergence of Classical Arabic: The Case of Mā al-Ḥijāziyya in the Qurʾān

Abstract In this article I will trace the position of mā al-ḥijāziyya as a variant of Classical Arabic. I will discuss the phenomenon in the Qurʾān. I will show that the rarity of its presence in the Holy Book correlates positively with its lack of use in other modes of expression. Section three will introduce the historical digression of the variant in the books of Arabic grammar up to the 4th/10th century and consequently its status as luġa.

ЧИННИК РОЗВИТКУ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ В ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СПРОМОЖНИХ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of capital development in the process of creating and ensuring sustainable development of united territorial communities, the article reveals the modern understanding of the term human contains a historical digression on decentralization reform, notes its initial tasks and goals legislative uncertainty of the deadline for completion of decentralization reform and the risks associated with the application of the administrative-planned way to complete the reform. The emphasis is on the new functions of the united territorial communities, which are not peculiar to local state administrations and local self-government - creating added value to provide financial opportunities. The article also analyzes the research of experts on decentralization in terms of the dependence of financial capacity of the united territorial communities of Kherson region with the availability and quality of capital, considers the features of current legislation on local government, mechanisms for selecting employees in united territorial communities executive bodies, aspects of higher education. In educational institutions and in the internship procedure for students, especially in the provisions on the establishment of labor rules and distance work, specific mechanisms for raising capital and improving its quality are proposed, namely, changing the procedure for holding a competition to fill vacant positions in local governments taking into account the scope of authority, competence and the degree of responsibility, the introduction of a mandatory internship mechanism for students receiving specialties in the field of public administration and management in the field of local government, legal, economic and others. On the basis of the executive bodies of the united territorial communities, proposed recommendations to local governments on the wider use of the Labor Code of Ukraine in establishing internal labor regulations, provided an assessment of the need to adapt to the requirements of remote work procedures and additions legislation on this issue.

Pedagogical message of innovative activity of future specialists

In the article, based on the analysis of the source and scientific base of the problem of innovation and innovative activity, the key concepts of further research are described, the discussion issues are characterized and our view on the studied construct is outlined. We understand the pedagogical message as a pedagogical professional orientation and the content of innovative activity of future specialists in various fields of education. Definitions of concepts and phenomena “innovation”, “innovation in education”, “innovational activity”, “pedagogical provision in innovation education” are considered. The origin in the scientific circulation of the concept of “innovation” has been clarified. We understand pedagogical innovations as a creative educational process of innovations aimed at updating the content, forms, means and methods of teaching and education, application of new (both in content and form) technologies, organizational dialogue, interactive forms of teacher interaction with students who change globally the nature of the acquisition of professional skills by future specialists and certify the effectiveness of the end result. We consider the innovative activity of students as the orientation of the student’s personality to active scientific and pedagogical activity to obtain new educational, scientific or professional information, immersing themselves in a new information space. The origins of research on the problem of “innovation” and “innovative activities” date back to the second half of the ХІХ century in foreign pedagogical science with the emergence of a new pedagogical field – experimental pedagogy (A. Binet, O. Decroly, A. Lai, E. Clapered, V. Kilpatrick, E. Mayman, E. Thorndike and others), the core of which was creative development of the personality. The historical scientific digression on the studied construct testified to the priority of the functioning of the related term “innovation”, which was formulated by E. Rogers. According to M. Lapin, “innovation” is a conscious introduction also in the main features of reproduction (replication), change of the structure and (or) process of functioning of the sociotechnical system as an element or subsystem and meet both the laws of society development and internal laws of development of object that changes. Under pedagogical innovations we will understand the creative educational process of innovations aimed at updating the content, forms, means and methods of teaching and educating future professionals, the use of new (both in content and form) technologies, organizational dialogue forms of teacher-student (professor-students) interaction, which globally change both the content and forms of its acquisition and educational outcomes. We understand innovative activity in the educational process of higher education institutions as an integrated interaction of teachers-innovators of professional disciplines, activities of students-performers and students-initiators, ready not only to introduce innovations in the process of their professional training, but also to initiate innovations.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF AN INTERNAL CONTROL

The current legislative approaches to understanding the essence and implementation of internal control procedures by economic entities have been systematized. The approach to understanding the essence of internal control as an element of the company’s accounting system that prevails in departmental and industry regulations on accounting in the Russian Federation has been critically analyzed. The historical digression of the development of understanding of the term “internal control” has been presented and its connection with the subjects of control has been proved. The transformation of understanding of the essence of internal control, which is contained in the regulatory legal acts of the USSR and the Russian Federation, from a subjective approach to a simple process approach has been traced, in accordance with the needs of business entities. The ways of improving the legislative framework of internal control have been outlined.

УКРАЇНСЬКА ФІЛОСОФІЯ / ФІЛОСОФІЯ В УКРАЇНІ ДОБИ УРСР ЯК ПРОБЛЕМА СУЧАСНОГО ГУМАНІТАРНОГО ДИСКУРСУ

The article is devoted to the consideration of the methodological problem of modern scientific humanitarian discourse in Ukraine - the relationship between the concepts of "Ukrainian philosophy" / "philosophy in Ukraine" in the days of the USSR. Based on a brief historical digression on the history of the philosophical process in Ukraine and the Diaspora, the author shows how difficult it is to assign certain philosophical theories, ideas and figures of thinkers to one of these categories. The article analyzes the existing developments on this issue, as well as proposes the author's version of its solution. It is also proposed to focus on the approach developed by Vilen Horsky in addressing the issue of correlating the concepts of "Ukrainian philosophy" / "philosophy in Ukraine" in the days of the USSR. The conclusions emphasize that, despite the fact that the issue of "Ukrainian philosophy" / "philosophy in Ukraine" of the Soviet period is in some way set out and resolved even at the level of philosophy textbooks, it still remains open. But, obviously, we will never have a "final and irreversible" solution to this dilemma, in part because of a certain conditionality of such a division, which still makes sense as a symbolic definition of extreme positions in the development of philosophy in these lands in the USSR, as well as the whole humanitarian culture in general. As for the search for criteria for assigning a certain phenomenon or figure to Ukrainian philosophy, it should certainly continue, taking into account the principle of correlation of a number of criteria that will ultimately assess a certain philosophical phenomenon as a whole in terms of expanding the Ukrainian cultural circle through deepening its selfreflection.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ ПАРАДИГМИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В ЕКОНОМІКУ УКРАЇНИ

An analysis of the features of the inclusion of the paradigm of sustainable development has been done in the institutional matrix of Ukraine's economy based on the study of global trends and global risks in combination with determining the current state of development of the national economy, the nature of its dominant institutions. The hypothesis of the greatest suitability is put forward of the concept of inclusive development for the inclusion of a system of principles of the paradigm of sustainable development in the national doctrine of increasing the country's competitiveness in the international market. There are two components of inclusive development - process and goal-oriented. The goal is to reduce poverty and inequality as a result of the process of its broad participation in decision-making and production activities based on ensuring equal opportunities for actors to realize human potential, regardless of their ethnicity, gender, territorial affiliation, religion. Based on the use of methodological principles of neo-institutional theory (theories of D. North, as well as D. Adzhimuglu and J. Robinson), the role of extractive institutions in the processes of economic system development is revealed. The extractive institutions are classified as system-forming elements in the national economy of Ukraine and the management system itself as "restricted access procedures". The latter is based on restricting access to economic and political resources, which determines the nature of distribution processes. A historical digression on the formation and development of extractive institutions in Ukraine has been done. Ways to reform the institutional matrix of the domestic model are proposed, namely the introduction of the following conceptual changes: the formation of effective institutions of property rights specification, reducing the share of extractive institutions by breaking the mechanism of rent motivation, increasing the efficiency of transplantation of institutions based on blocking their functioning, balance of interests of economic entities.

Ascenso y caída del sistema binominal chileno

Este artículo busca discutir el sistema binominal por tres aspectos: su origen, su funcionamiento, y su término. En primer lugar, se hace una disgresión histórica que aborda El origen del sistema binominal, considerando su formulación y los objetivos para los cuales fue pensado para, a partir de ello, averiguar si el binominal es capaz de cumplirlos. Em un segundo momento, se explicitan las principales críticas hechas al funcionamiento del sistema binominal, y se exponen algunos datos empíricos que aclaran el debate sobre estas críticas. En un tercer momento, se explican lãs alteraciones hechas em el sistema electoral chileno com La aprobación de La Ley nº 20.840 para posteriormente verificar si esse nuevo modelo a ser inaugurado en 2017 logra dar respuestas correctivas a los problemas anteriormente identificados en el funcionamiento del sistema binominal hacia la democracia chilena.

Greek Morphemes in Medical Latin Teaching

The teaching of the Latin language and medical terminology in universities of medical profile presupposes the formation students’ main cultural competencies that help them navigate in the increasingly complex world, reveals their creative abilities and readiness to self-development, and contributes to formation of their clear worldview coordinates. The paper deals with the problem of rather poor language skills of students, and proposes some ways of its solution. The article also provides a historical digression to compare this situation in relation to the pre-revolutionary time and today. The authors have developed and presented methods and techniques of learning of the Greek terminological elements in the Latin medical terminology in the situation when students have not got any knowledge of classical languages. The developed method can be used also in the implementation of educational programmes in other Humanities because of similarities of the situation with linguistic knowledge and because of the main tasks of training not only highly qualified specialists, but also well-rounded individuals.

Penal Culture in Ireland

The imprisonment rate in Ireland is low relative to the rest of the common law world and compares favourably with other EU countries. In recent years it has declined. However, it would be misleading to interpret these trends as evidence of a national commitment to leniency or a coherent strategy of penal parsimony. Before we turn our attention to contemporary arrangements a brief historical digression is required. Punishment is about more than imprisonment and, especially during the first half-century after its foundation in 1922, the Irish state made extensive use of institutions outside the criminal justice system to deal with the deviant and the difficult. ‘Coercive confinement’ is the term coined by O’Sullivan and O’Donnell (2007) to embrace the range of sites where men, women and children were held against their will. These included prisons, Borstal, reformatory and industrial schools, mother and baby homes, psychiatric hospitals, and Magdalen homes. While some of these places were supposedly oriented towards treatment or training rather than punishment, they were felt by their inmates to be austere, degrading, and stigmatising.

Социальный опыт личности: междисциплинарный категориальный анализ

We present a detailed analysis of the “social experience” concept from the point of view of philosophy, sociology, psychology and pedagogy. When considering social experience as an in-tegral concept, we carry out a separate analytical interpretation of the “experience” and “socialization” categories in the context of various scientific disciplines. The analysis of the designated concepts from the point of view of philosophy contains a historical digression that reveals the position of the phenomena studied in different philosophical schools. Sociology is considered as a source of the concept of “socialization” in its contemporary meaning. Psychology is considered as a discipline in which the study of human experience and interaction with it occupies a central place. Socialization is considered in the context of pedagogy as a science with its own unique specificity focusing on work with the educational process and its subjects: we analyze the basic pedagogical concepts of understanding socialization as a process of mastering social experience, and variative interpretations of this concept in scientific and pedagogical sources are considered. As a result of the analysis, we conclude that social experience should be understood as the experience of human participation in joint activities, which determines the level of knowledge and skills, as well as understanding of life in general. We also reveal the position of this phenomenon in a contemporary pedagogy.

REGRAS NÃO-DITAS NO PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DAS FAVELAS

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o processo de construção de favelas sob um aspecto geral, tendo como foco o surgimento de normas locais vistas como não jurídicas. Para tanto, pretende-se inicialmente apresentar uma breve digressão histórica, desde o surgimento do termo em 1896, até a sua atual concepção, como modo de demonstrar como ocorreu a formação de favelas no cenário brasileiro. Na sequência, pretende-se destacar como esses grupos sociais são vistos na sociedade moderna, tidos como minorias descriminadas e, muitas vezes, rejeitadas e excluídas das políticas de Estado. Nesse sentido, nota-se que favela é vista como sinônimo de pobreza, residência de malandros, portal para o tráfico e fonte de doenças, o que gera, aos morados, um sentimento de esquecimento por parte do resto da população, caindo em uma situação de esquecimento e isolamento social. Por fim, trabalha-se com a proliferação de regras não-ditas que vigoram nesses ambientes periféricos. Percebe-se que o surgimento de um ordenamento não jurídico decorre da própria conjectura histórica que colocou favela como uma sociedade paralela à civil, o que impõe uma necessidade de reflexão acerca do reconhecimento dessas normas alternativas como forma de se viabilizar o convívio harmônico nos espaços urbanos brasileiros.

Some problematic and discussion issues of psychosomatic relationships and somatoform disorders from the standpoint of clinical psychiatry

A brief historical digression into the doctrine of psychosomatics and the establishment of the term «psychosomatic medicine» are represented in the article. Some views on the formation and systematization of psychosomatic disorders are examined. The scientific grounds for isolating somatoform disorders into a separate group and their inclusion in the modern classifications of mental diseases (DSM and ICD-10) are analyzed. It is stated that the clinical picture of somatoform disorders does not contain specific psychopathological symptoms and syndromes but mostly consists of disparate symptom complexes, and this fact puts a question of the place of this pathology in psychiatric nosology. It is suggested that further research by experts from different fields of science should lead to the science-based principles for delineating the clinical boundaries of somatoform disorders at an interdisciplinary level that will allow developing valid therapeutic and rehabilitation programs for this group of patients.

Опыт активизации музыкально-этнографической работы во Львовской национальной музыкальной академии имени М. В. Лысенко

Ukrainian ethnomusicologist Lina Dobrianska (Лiна Добрянська) states in the article, that Lviv M. V. Lysenko National Academy of Music (LLNAM) is one of the main ethnomusicological institutions in Ukraine, which has deep traditions of musical folklore research works. At the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, musical and ethnographic activities at the Academy reached a qualitatively new level thanks to the versatile activity of the Musical Ethnology Problem Scientific Research Laboratory (MEPSRL) at LLNAM and the rapid development of its Archive. To date, its funds contain the largest national audio collection of traditional music from the Western Ukrainian and adjacent territories, as well as voluminous accompanying graphic materials. In the article, on the basis of numerous archival documents, a brief historical digression was prepared with a periodization of the main stages of practical musical and folklore studies in LLNAM in close connection with the educational process, the main factors that have made the development of the MEPSRL Archive on the verge of millennia been revealed. Key words: MEPSRL, LLNAM, musical and ethnographic archive, history of musical folklore, folk music documentation, musical ethnographic practice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/td.v13i0.1705

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ САКРАЛЬНОГО НАСИЛИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ КРИЗИСА СИСТЕМЫ ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ РЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ

The article refers to the phenomenon of sacred violence, which is one of the fundamental principles of traditional religious consciousness. There is a special relevance of the topic in the current conditions of a certain reassessment of religious moral and ethical norms and traditions. The author conducts a brief historical digression, showing that the sacred violence, not being inherently an immanent part of the Abrahamic religions, is very quickly incorporated into religious moral and ethical systems. Illustrating this provision with examples from the history of Judaism and Islam, the author dwells more on the phenomenon of sacred violence in Christian civilization. Particular attention is paid to the situation in which the concept of sacred violence appeared in the era of active secularization of European moral and ethical values. Various attempts of secular value-semantic systems and ideologies to assign themselves the right to sacralize violence are considered. The reasons why such attempts historically failed are emphasized. It is stressed that the transfer of the sacral concept from the sphere of the religious to the sphere of secular ideology is almost always fraught with a crisis of value meanings. Based on the studies of some researchers of modern Western secular culture, the author analyzes the approaches of modern religious movements to the topic of sacred violence. There are two types of them: liberal-radical and conservative-archaic, which attitudes to sacred violence differ in the choice of values that this violence should justify. The extreme importance of the problem of sacred violence in the context of the complex interaction of secular and traditional cultures is noted, and the difference in attitude towards sacred violence within these cultures is analyzed. In conclusion, some generalizing recommendations are given for a more detailed study of the problem under study.