Historical Area Research Articles

The Ordovician System: Key concepts, events and its distribution across Europe

Abstract The Ordovician was a key period in the biological and geological history of the planet. ‘A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System’ is presented in two volumes of The Geological Society, Special Publications . This first volume (SP532) charts the history of the Ordovician System and explores significant advances in our understanding of the period's biostratigraphy, including more precise calibration of its timescale with tephra chronology and regional alignments using astrochronology and cyclostratigraphy. Changes in the world's oceans, their shifting currents and sea levels, the biogeography of their biotas and the ambient climate are described and discussed against a background of changing palaeogeography. This first volume also includes syntheses of Ordovician geology of most European countries, including historical key areas, such as the British Isles, Baltoscandia and Bohemia.

An Integrated GIS-AHP Approach for Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Siting in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh

The availability of land for proper waste disposal is one of the most important and emerging potential challenges in most big cities. Although some attempts are being made to minimize and recover garbage, landfill disposal continues to be the dominant method of waste disposal. An improper landfill site can negatively impact the environment, the economy, and the environment. Thus, it should be carefully chosen, taking into consideration both rules and standards from other sources. To examine all aspects of this study, an integration of the “Geographic Information System (GIS)” and the “Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)” was incorporated for land-fill site selection. Various parameters were examined to make decisions about landfill site selection. These parameters included slope, elevation, soil texture, LULC, surface water, groundwater table, road network, historical areas, and residential areas. An analytic-hierarchy process was used to determine the relative importance of each parameter, and a final site suitability map was created. With an equal interval classification method, the final index model was categorized into four categories, which included “unsuitable”, “less suitable”, “moderately suitable” and “suitable”. As a result, 30.28% of the study area was less suitable, 28.49% was moderately suitable, 12.39% was suitable, and 28.84% of the study area was unsuitable for landfilling.

Investigating the potential historic conservation area in China: a case study on 11 old colonial cities

ABSTRACT The designation of historic conservation areas (DHCAs) from the cities classified as “National Famous Historical and Cultural City” (NFHC-city) is the key tool for maintaining large-scale historic environments, wherein the boundaries are blurred because of redevelopment. Therefore, exploring potential historic conservation area is fundamentally important. In this study, we examined historic urban areas in 11 old colonial cities (concessions and leased territories) to determine the potential historic conservation areas (P-HCAs). Our results suggest that P-HCAs are characterized by relatively small size, minimal residential use, and irregular morphological boundaries, except in some non-NFHC-cities, where P-HCAs are located adjacent to officially protected public and commercial buildings. The DHCA boundaries and extent of urban development influence the storage of P-HCA. The approach and method proposed in this study not only provide reference for the conservation and replenishment of the historic districts in China, but are also applicable for other countries.

Analisis Tingkat Over Tourism di Kawasan Wisata Sejarah Cirebon


 
 
 Today, tourism development is rapidly growing, and it is easy for potential tourists to access information about a tourist destination. These conditions have an impact on increasing tourist visits. In addition, this phenomenon can also increase damage to existing tourist attractions because the number of visits exceeds the available capacity or exceeds the capacity of the tourist attraction itself. In this regard, easy access to the Cirebon Historical Tourism Area also causes discomfort for the local community. So it is necessary to measure it to determine the level of over tourism in the Cirebon Historical Tourism Area. By analyzing how the condition of over tourism is in the Cirebon Historical Tourism Area, it can also be seen that the factors can be applied to various tourist destinations in Indonesia to measure the level of over tourism. The design of this study uses quantitative research methods with descriptive statistical data analysis techniques. The population in this study are tourism stakeholders in the Cirebon Historical Tourism Area. This sampling technique used incidental sampling and purposive sampling. In this case, the samples taken are tourism stakeholders who live in the Cirebon Historical Tourism Area. In general, the historical tourism area of Cirebon has over tourism in a high position (3.61 on a scale of 1 – 5), with various indicators still pointing to possibilities for improvement. The stakeholders who must improve this condition are the management of seven of the nine indicators, and the local government must complete two of the nine indicators. It needs fast treatment to improve the quality of tourist attractions in the historical tourist area of Cirebon to improve the people's economy. It is hoped that in the future, further research can be carried out on the conditions in detail that cause over tourism in description and cause and effect.
 
 

Measuring the Soundscape Quality in Urban Spaces: A Case Study of Historic Urban Area

The goals of a good soundscape are to create a sense of place, provide comfort to the users, and encourage intractability in a public space. At the same time, many public areas in cities are having problems due to the weakness in creating the opportunity for people to attend. Therefore, knowing the importance of the subject, this study has measured the aspects of the sonic environment and investigated its effect on the attendance of 15 Khordad Street, District 12, Tehran. The results of this study showed that attendance in urban spaces based on the aspects of the sonic environment focuses on the quality of the surrounding environment as a source of sound. By assessing the perceptual and sensory aspects of sounds in the environment, it is possible to understand the effects of sound on the behaviors, activities, and overall pleasantness of the space for the users. Based on the three statistical communities related to the study, among the key findings, we show that the majority of attendance to the case area was for the purpose of studying, shopping, and work, and despite the fact that this case study is a historic area, people are less willing to attend it. This street, part of which is designed as a pedestrian area, encourages individualism, and not bringing friends and family along is reinforced by unpleasant psychological effects. Since nowadays the problems of the sonic environment are expanding in cities, and noise pollution in some parts of Tehran is considered a major environmental problem, the findings of this study have taken a step to increase urban sustainability and try to improve the main criteria and results, which were to rationally evaluate the existing situation of attendance in urban spaces affected by the qualities of the sonic environment, to promote the policy and strategic city planning for city managers.

Too hot, too cold, or just right: Can wildfire restore dry forests of the interior Pacific Northwest?

As contemporary wildfire activity intensifies across the western United States, there is increasing recognition that a variety of forest management activities are necessary to restore ecosystem function and reduce wildfire hazard in dry forests. However, the pace and scale of current, active forest management is insufficient to address restoration needs. Managed wildfire and landscape-scale prescribed burns hold potential to achieve broad-scale goals but may not achieve desired outcomes where fire severity is too high or too low. To explore the potential for fire alone to restore dry forests, we developed a novel method to predict the range of fire severities most likely to restore historical forest basal area, density, and species composition in forests across eastern Oregon. First, we developed probabilistic tree mortality models for 24 species based on tree characteristics and remotely sensed fire severity from burned field plots. We applied these estimates to unburned stands in four national forests to predict post-fire conditions using multi-scale modeling in a Monte Carlo framework. We compared these results to historical reconstructions to identify fire severities with the highest restoration potential. Generally, we found basal area and density targets could be achieved by a relatively narrow range of moderate-severity fire (roughly 365-560 RdNBR). However, single fire events did not restore species composition in forests that were historically maintained by frequent, low-severity fire. Restorative fire severity ranges for stand basal area and density were strikingly similar for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and dry mixed-conifer forests across a broad geographic range, in part due to relatively high fire tolerance of large grand (Abies grandis) and white fir (Abies concolor). Our results suggest historical forest conditions created by recurrent fire are not readily restored by single fires and landscapes have likely passed thresholds that preclude the effectiveness of managed wildfire alone as a restoration tool.

Рамон Кабрера на страницах газеты «Санкт-Петербургские ведомости» в 1833−1840 годах

Through the prism of the publications in the Russian newspaper Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti, this article studies the activities of General Ramón Cabrera, who took part in the First Carlist War in Spain (1833−1840). The conflict was motivated by the dynastic dispute between Don Carlos, one of the brothers of King Ferdinand VII of Spain, who died in 1833, and the widow, Queen Maria Christina, who defended the right of her daughter Isabella II to the throne. In the course of the conflict, Cabrera led the partisans of Don Carlos in the Maestrazgo, a historical area that included parts of modern Catalonia, Aragon, and Valencia. The period of 1838−1839 became the “golden age” of Carlism in the region. This paper analyses mentions Ramón Cabrera in Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti between October 1833 and July 1840, i.e. throughout the conflict. A total of 1955 issues were studied, the war being mentioned in 1453 of them. The first mention of Cabrera in the newspaper dates back to 1834. However, the majority of the mentions were made during the final part of the conflict (1838−1840). In addition, the article provides examples of fake news, biographical paragraphs, and statements about the General by his comrades-in-arms. It is noted that some episodes of the war associated with Cabrera that later became widely known were only briefly touched upon in the newspaper. The General was a controversial figure in the eyes of his contemporaries, while Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti took a neutral position on Cabrera.

High Spatiotemporal Flood Monitoring Associated with Rapid Lake Shrinkage Using Planet Smallsat and Sentinel-1 Data

High spatiotemporal flood monitoring is critical for flood control, mitigation, and management purposes in areas where tectonic and geological events significantly exacerbate flood disasters. For example, the rapid lake shrinkage resulting from the transformations of enclosed seas into lakes by the rapid land movement in the collision zone dramatically increases the flood risks in Indonesia, which requires frequent and detailed monitoring and assessment. This study primarily quantified the detailed flood disasters associated with the rapid lake shrinkage in Gorontalo Regency in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia using high spatiotemporal monitoring with a combination of PlanetScope smallsat constellations, Sentinel-1, and surface water datasets. Based on the findings that indicated its volume, distribution, pace, and pattern, the flood event that occurred in Gorontalo in November 2022 was demonstrated within a short interval of 2–12 days. The results also indicate both direct and indirect floodwater overflow from different water resources. Combining these results with the surface water occurrences from 1984 to 2021, our findings reveal the historical major flood-prone areas associated with the rapid lake shrinkage. These findings are expected to aid in the timely high spatiotemporal monitoring of rapid environmental change-induced flood disasters, even in tropical regions with high cloud coverage. Furthermore, these are also expected to be integrated into the flood hazard mitigation and management strategies associated with local-specific tectonic and geological systems.

Who and What is Driving Remote Working Research? A Bibliometric Study

In the light of the recent pandemic, remote working has become an inseparable part of our lives and a critical factor for many organizations. The article aims to review the last 10 years (2010–2020) of remote working research publications (in Business and Management Studies). We used a bibliometric analysis of 1,996 publications from the Web of Science. We created a conceptual structure map to describe core concepts of remote working research. We used the historical direct citation network to show the most important research. Based on our results, the USA, the United Kingdom and China are the leading countries. Results identified two historical areas of research—the first cluster connected by the topic of the multicultural dimension and the second cluster addressing issues of trust and communication, knowledge sharing, virtualness and leadership. The identified core concepts are organization and remote working capabilities, behaviour in remote working, consequences of remote working, management issues, home and gender. We conclude by summarizing the results of the bibliometric study into a theoretical framework for adaptation to remote working that will provide direction for future research and practical insights for policy and organizations.

The 100 most cited articles in lateral epicondylitis research: A bibliometric analysis.

Lateral epicondylitis is a significant clinical problem in orthopaedics. There have been numerous articles written about this. Bibliometric analysis is critical for determining a field's most influential study. We attempt to identify and analyze the top 100 citations in lateral epicondylitis research. On December 31, 2021, an electronic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection and the Scopus search engine with no restrictions on publication years, language, or study design. We reviewed each article's title and abstract until the top 100 were documented and evaluated in various ways. Between 1979 and 2015, the 100 most cited articles were published in 49 journals. The total number of citations ranged from 75 to 508 (mean ± SD, 145.5 ± 90.9), with citation densities ranging from 2.2 to 37.6 citations per year (mean ± SD, 8.7 ± 6.5). The United States is the most productive country, and the 2000s witnessed a surge in lateral epicondylitis research. The year of publication had a moderately positive correlation with citation density. Our findings offer readers a fresh perspective on historical development hotspot areas of lateral epicondylitis research. Disease progression, diagnosis, and management have always been topics of discussion in articles. PRP-based biological therapy has emerged as a promising area for future research.

Tourists’ Motives for Visiting Historic Conservation Areas in the Post-Pandemic Era: A Case Study of Kuanzhai Alley in Chengdu, China

Much current discussion about the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health focuses on urban green space and rarely on historic conservation areas (HCAs). With the pandemic’s lasting influence and advances in medical technology, people’s mental health needs and attitudes toward epidemic prevention changed, and the importance of HCAs has received great attention. This study aims to explore the positive impact of heritage tourism on mental recovery under the influence of the pandemic. The Kuanzhai Alley HCA was selected as the location for the field survey and in-depth interviews. A total of 48 respondents were recruited for the semi-structured interviews, and qualitative data were analyzed through MAXQDA 2020, and the motives and mental feedback of tourists visiting Kuanzhai Alley were summarized. The results showed that there is great landscape integrity and continuity in the area. During the pandemic, the inclusive cultural atmosphere, human-based spatial scale, and cultural activities in the form of intangible heritage, such as Sichuan opera and live-action role-playing (LARP), had significant effects on eliminating loneliness, relieving anxiety, and improving happiness. The study results are expected to provide reference and guidance for current and future management of heritage tourism, social well-being, and a sustainable cultural economy.

Tourism Object Development Policy in the Old City of Semarang

The tourism potential of the Old Semarang City Area, a historic area, has a diversity of cultural heritage from the Dutch colonial community and buildings that are still standing firmly today, including the GPIB Immanuel Church ( Blenduk Church), Tawang Station, Berok Bridge, Marabunta Building, factory building. This area used to be the place where the Dutch, Chinese and other Europeans lived, whose main activities were traders. The tourism sector is one of the strategic and mainstay sectors of the City of Semarang as a driving force for the improvement of the people's economy which contributes to regional original income. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the development policy of tourism objects in the Old Semarang City? (2) Factors that support and inhibit the policy of developing tourism objects in the Old Semarang City area? This study uses a qualitative method. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study are: (1) The implementation of developing tourism in the city of Semarang has been going well but not optimal, this is manifested in increasing the appreciation of traditional arts and culture to improve people's welfare. (2) Supporting factors in the development of the Semarang Old Town area are the existence of a clear legal umbrella, namely Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2003 concerning RTBL of the Old City of Semarang, relationships between organizations that work well with each other and budgetary sources that support implementing the Semarang Old Town revitalization policy. Factors that become obstacles include social problems from the community around the Old Town of Semarang who refuse the revitalization process, as well as private building ownership, where the owner is still reluctant to cooperate with BPK2L to maintain the building. And the Inhibiting Factors in the management of the old City Area, the participation of the community accommodated in the BPK2L (Old City Area Management Agency) cannot be carried out properly because they do not receive government support in carrying out their duties.

Changing Approaches of the 1972 Convention’s Stake- holders. Historic Areas of Istanbul, Türkiye

Historic Areas of Istanbul was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985. Following its declaration as a world heritage site (WHS), the number of the site’s stakeholders increased on legal base. The State Party, Türkiye, has become promiser for providing up-to-date information concerning the site at regular intervals, i.e. state of conservation reports, to international stakeholders. By this way, all discussions that already existing in media and academia concerning the WHS and its well-known components, including the Golden Horn and Hagia Sophia, have moved from national scale to international level. This ‘supranational’ multi-stakeholder approach has put pressure on interventions from time to time. This paper aims to present the impacts and limitations of the Convention as an international regulation on decision-making process of national stakeholders in the context of urban historic centers. The process after being inscribed on the List will be assessed from the stakeholders’ perspective.

The Effects of User Experience on the Questionnaire to Detection of the Soundscape of Historical Areas - Example of Eskisehir Factories Region

Soundscape studies carried out in historical areas need extensive research and analysis in the processes from the past to the present. It is determined by taking into account many variables such as historical process, the character of area, events and people. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the past experiences of the people carried out in historical areas affect the evaluation of the present data. Eskisehir was chosen as the study area. Eskisehir is an Anatolian city in the Central Anatolia region, on the trade routes and at the intersection of railway transportation. Due to its proximity to railway transportation, many factories established. Nowadays it is under protection as an industrial heritage. In the study, a questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the soundscape of the region with people living in the region for a long time, and people newly settled in Eskisehir. In the survey, the sounds in the region, the pleasantness of the people and the adjective pairs to describe the acoustic environment were asked. As a result of the study, the importance of the user's experience was investigated and evaluated for the survey studies carried out in the evaluation of the soundscape of historical areas.

Action Plan for Neighborhood Arrangement of Ubud Area Traditional/Historic Settlements in Gianyar Regency

Purpose: The shift in the value of tradition/history impacts the structure of the built neighbourhood, such as changes in the residential area. It is both in terms of the environment and the building. 
 Design/methodology/approach: This research is based on qualitative research.
 Findings: The historical value of a place/region is closely related to the traditional aspects that already exist and developed in that areaa. Every effort to preserve historical values and formal existence in a fostered neighbourhood does not impede economic develompent. Instead, they must be able to synergize, support each other, and be in line without sacrifing one or the other. It must also create a strong bond in development. So the conservation aspects is very relevant to be preserved in developing a fostered neighbourhood.
 Research limitations/imlications: The negative impact of ignorring more essential values on development can reduce the number or historic buildings and areas in most cities in Indonesia from year to year. As a results, development activities oriented towards economic growth can gradually eliminate historical traces, including a built neighbourhood. 
 Practical implications: A historic building area can be interpreted as an area with a close relationship with something past life for moore than 50 years. It can be used collectively in buildings, settlements, and other public facilities. 
 Paper type: Research paper

Environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two historical mosques in historic Jeddah

The research reviews the environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two mosques in the historical area of Jeddah, Al-Shafi’i Mosque and Al-Mimar Mosque. Through the research methodology, the environmental and cultural sustainability of the two mosques in the historical Jeddah area were compared, as how they were treated and reused in different ways and the architectural elements were analyzed. The results of the research indicate that sustainability. The environment is rebuilding some walls, reducing waste by using existing walls, not using new materials as much as possible, and reducing the entry of solar radiation into the building through wooden windows (Roshan). As for cultural sustainability, it is through contributing to a pioneering project that achieves the rehabilitation of the mosque to increase the number of worshipers and its use by visitors and residents of the city of Jeddah to be a distinguished center for reviving the meetings of the people of old Jeddah and enriching the social environment. As for economic sustainability, it is through the financial return of commercial activities around the mosque, the creation of job opportunities for Saudi youth, and the work of a distinguished pioneering project to encourage government agencies and real estate owners in the historical area of Jeddah, to carry out similar projects that support the development and economic sustainability, and achieve the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030, as the most important recommendation for research.

Population Decline and Urban Transformation by Tourism Gentrification in Kyoto City

In recent years, tourist cities worldwide have experienced rapid tourism gentrification, which was caused by the spread of P2P accommodation-matching digital platforms. The research problem is set as follows: whether tourism gentrification caused a population decline in the historical center area of tourist cities. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the causal statistical relationship between population decline and tourism gentrification, focusing on urban transformation by accommodation. As a case, this study analyzes Kyoto City, a world-class tourist city. In summary, we conclude that tourism gentrification caused population decline through displacement in the historical center of Kyoto City. On the other hand, it was found that population decline occurred from factors other than tourism gentrification in the outside area of Kyoto City. The academic contribution is to clarify the effect of population decline on the cause of urban transformation through time precedence with statistical correlation. For tourist cities where the population is declining, the distinction between cause and effect is critical for policymaking toward sustainable tourism where the population is declining. The practical implication is the need for urban planning against tourism gentrification toward sustainability tourism in the historical center of Kyoto City.

Two new species of Syndicus in southern India (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

To date, five species of the Australo-Oriental genus Syndicus Motschulsky have been discovered in India, although the true distribution of one of them (the type species of the genus) remains unclear, as the only known specimen comes from "Indes orientales", a large historical area that also included territories outside the Indian subcontinent. Two new species are described: Syndicus (s. str.) microphthalmus sp. n., the first known Syndicus with strongly reduced eyes; and Syndicus (Semisyndicus) primus sp. n., the first Indian member of the subgenus Semisyndicus. An updated key to identification of Syndicus of India is given.

PENERAPAN PENGALAMAN RUANG (USER EXPERIENCE) SEBAGAI MEDIA BARU DALAM PERANCANGAN LIVING MUSEUM DI PASAR IKAN, JAKARTA UTARA

The Pasar Ikan area, as one of the starting points for the development of Jakarta in the Batavia era, is one of the biggest fish markets of its time. As years passed, Pasar Ikan degraded and changed its function into a slum settlement, resulting in a loss in its image as a historical and maritime area. This situation then becomes a trigger to restore the image of the Pasar Ikan area, by considering current conditions and the need in providing education for the community. Museums are one of many ways to educate the public about the history of Pasar Ikan. However, it was found that the number of public visits to museums is still very low, especially among the millennial generation. Hence, a new media, that is relevant to current development, is required to convey information in the museum. The methods used are Translating History into User Experience, Everydayness based on a participatory approach and narrative tactics, and 4 Space Plot Strategies. In conclusion, the user experience in the Living Museum is built through: 1. Translating History into Space Experience which results in Past, Present, and Future zoning; 2. Daily analysis that produces aspects of the five senses of the present and the past; 3. 4 Space Plot Strategies that produce Zoning, Zone Section & Events, 5 Sense Experiences (both architecturally in the form of dioramas and non-architecturally by using actors), and Spatial Configuration. Keywords: adaptive-reuse; everydayness; living museum; user experience

The Association between Street Built Environment and Street Vitality Based on Quantitative Analysis in Historic Areas: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Over the past decade, enhancing the quality of cities and building vibrant urban streets has become a hot topic in urban planning in China. Although there are many studies on how the built environment affects street vitality, the unique built environment of the street space in historic areas, as the core node of the city, has not been fully explored. This study constructs an association model between the street built environment (SBE) and street vitality in historic areas and evaluates the influence of SBE on street vitality by spatial analysis and statistical analysis methods using POI data, road network data, and Baidu heat map data, taking Wuhan, China, as an example. The results showed that (1) appropriate built environment development intensity, street width-to-height ratio, and facade ratio of historic buildings on the street frontage all can promote street vitality; (2) the spatial distribution of historic buildings converted to commercial functions in historic areas has a high consistency with the spatial distribution of street vitality, and the consistency is significantly higher than that of general urban streets; (3) historic buildings converted to residential functions and those in vacancy or under renovation in historic areas have a significant inhibitory effect on street vitality; and (4) the spatial distribution of transportation facilities and the spatial distribution of street vitality are mutually exclusive in historic areas. This study proposes a method for studying the SBE and street vitality in historic areas and initially explores the relationship between the influences of the SBE on street vitality in historic areas. Since the functional replacement of historic buildings can affect the street vibrancy in historic areas, our findings suggest moderating commercial renovation rather than simply repairing or maintaining the status for enhancing the street vitality. Moreover, the intervention of transportation facilities will reduce the street vitality in historic areas, which provides a basis for the strategy of renewing historic areas into pedestrian street spaces.