Historical References Research Articles

Formatted Sound

Formatted Sound

Credo, sentido y organización social en la imaginería cristiana de Tunja, Colombia

In this article, we delve into the role of religious images in the doctrine, worship, and social fabric of Catholic faithful in Tunja, Colombia. As a city steeped in colonial heritage, Christianity has become deeply ingrained in both spiritual and cultural aspects of life. The text explores the intricate relationships between believers and sacred images, reflecting on how the imagery encapsulates, while representing, forms of cohesion and social identification mediated by devotional and organizational experiences. It also presents ethnographic and historical references focusing on the experiences of devotion of members of brotherhoods and devotional groups, particularly their involvement in processions and religious celebrations within the city's historic center. As a result of these public activities with the images, there is a binding association between believers and imagery that extends beyond the religious realm, influencing various aspects of collective life. The article discusses two key processes: the borrowing and extraction of images from religious sites, and the significance attributed to these images by believers outside the ecclesiastical institution, extending their value and meaning to guild and organizational processes that are also part of the faithful’s lives and social values.

Етнографізм малої прози Богдана Лепкого

The article explores the ethnographic elements in the prose of B. Lepky, a multifaceted Ukrainian poet, novelist, translator, and cultural activist, who authored over 80 books. The purpose of the article to examine the characteristics and significance of ethnography in Lepky's short prose, identifying the methods he employed to incorporate ethnographic details. This analysis seeks to reveal how these elements contribute to creating a distinct national image and reflect the depth of the writer's creative world. The research methodology The main methods of our research are historical and comparative. First of all, we strive to find analogies of the ethnographic realities mentioned in the work of B. Lepkyi, in the scientific literature, published and commented sources describing the life of Podillia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This is connected with the wide use of works containing specific ethnographic materials, historical references, and local history descriptions. For the same purpose, reference books and encyclopedias containing information about the places described by B. Lepkyi are used. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time an analysis of the artistic works of B. Lepky as an ethnographic source of everyday life in Podillia has been carried out. Conclusions. After analyzing the short prose of B. Lepkyі, we concluded that a literary work can serve as a valuable ethnographic source. In our research, we paid attention to the following ethnographic elements of the writer's short prose: ethnopedagogy, beliefs and worldview of the Ukrainian peasant, celebrating Christmas in Podillya, customs and traditions related to the Easter holidays. Using the example of B. Lepkyi’s short prose, it becomes clear that the object of direct ethnographic descriptions for a realist writer is not only the events that the author perceives as the archaic, but also the description of traditional everyday life, which gives special value to this ethnographic source. The reliability of ethnographic descriptions is confirmed by the research of Ukrainian ethnographers.

Sole Survivors: Using Tree-Trunk Wells from Archaeological Excavations to Inform Reconstructions of Medieval Deforestation, and Future Reforestation

Abstract This paper represents an attempt at a detailed analysis of woodland presence and dynamics during the Middle Ages (AD 500-1500), as a contribution to the current debate on large-scale reforestation in the Netherlands. Palynological data for this particular period are scarce and allow only global reconstructions. To widen our search for historical woodland proxies, we investigated the potential of archaeologically excavated tree-trunk wells. We carried out a nation-wide inventory of this type of well, in which the shaft is formed by hollowed-out tree trunks, typically large oak trees. Our suspicion that such trees indicate the local presence of (old) woodland in the past was confirmed by a marked positive correlation with spatial reconstructions based on other sources of information: archaeological (charcoal kilns) and non-archaeological (place names and historical references). The observed correlations suggest that mapping the distribution of precisely dated tree-trunk wells can indeed contribute to achieving fairly detailed reconstructions of medieval woodland cover.

Між минулим і майбутнім: рефлексії навколо нового тлумачення просвітницьких ідей Бориса Грінченка (кін. ХІХ – поч. ХХ ст.)

The research dives into similarities between historical events in the early twentieth and twenty-first centuries, drawing connections to Borys Hrinchenko’s inspirations which resonate with contemporary efforts in resisting russian occupation, emphasizing the struggle for Ukrainian independence, identity, and freedom through primarily ideological, cultural, national, and linguistic means. The article highlights the leading pedagogical ideas of the scientific and journalistic heritage of Borys Hrinchenko, a prominent Ukrainian linguist, writer, poet, playwright, publicist, critic, ethnographer, educator, and public figure of the late nineteenth – early twentieth centuries. The author focuses on various aspects of the scientist’s contributions, including ethnographic research and methodological systematization of Ukrainian folk art, social endeavors aimed at common societal objectives, educational perspectives, and pedagogical intentions. Additionally, the emphasis is on humanizing personal and social interactions among individuals through the promotion of universal moral ideals and spiritual values, among other aspects. The article provides characteristics of educational concepts related to the national upbringing of Ukrainian youth within Borys Hrinchenko’s scientific and journalistic heritage. It outlines the pedagogical discussions on intergenerational transmission in the realm of Ukrainian studies during the specified period. The author attempts to reinterpret the eminent thinker’s persona in intrinsic harmony with well-known figures from the intellectual elite of that era. Significant attention is devoted to the alignment of creative concepts between Borys Hrinchenko and Ivan Franko. The article highlights Kamenyar’s extensive praise for Hrinchenko, mentioning his resilience challenging criticism, often hostile, and his consistent profound love for Ukraine and “sincere democracy” in all his writings. Specific examples are presented to illustrate Hrinchenko’s aimed critique of Khrystyna Alchevska’s idleness, particularly in the context of russifying Ukrainian schools and publishing her books in russian. The research offers an entirely different interpretation of the critical perspective on certain intellectuals’ scientific and literary works from the relevant period. This perspective was aimed at the promotion of Ukrainian studies and national education. The article explores certain aspects of Hrinchenko’s role as a teacher in a rural school, drawing from historical and scholarly references. It emphasizes the strong connection between two generations of the Ukrainian national movement – Borys Hrinchenko and Dmytro Doroshenko – by analyzing their common efforts. The author highlights their effective collaboration in developing the Ukrainian independent press, public engagement, educational initiatives, and shaping the Ukrainian people’s national consciousness and identity.

Química recreativa: Referentes históricos y actuales e implicaciones en la enseñanza y la divulgación

After introducing some general ideas about recreational chemistry, here I provide some historical references from the 18th century to the present day. These include philosophical evenings, the creation of institutions for popularising science, and the publication of emblematic books and journals on the subject. I discuss the activities of some prominent personalities in recreational chemistry and analyse the specificities of different aspects of this domain such as varying approaches (games and gamification, science fairs, media, the internet, and software, etc.). These are compared to other fields of science popularisation (prevention and safety, specific recommendations for its use, etc.) and implications for science teaching and popularisation in relation to this field of knowledge. Finally, with the conclusions, I have also provided bibliographical references to facilitate further study of the subject.

Comprehensive characterization of modern industrial Argentinian paints for improved chronological painting attribution

Throughout the twentieth century, the paint industry developed a multitude of new binding media, pigments and additives that improved the appearance, ease of application, and performance of modern industrial paints. Depending on when and where they were first manufactured, and when they were introduced into paint formulations, some of these new paint components could conceivably be chronological markers useful in assigning attribution to specific artists or in the study of forgeries. The aim of this study was to develop a systematic methodology for characterizing organic and inorganic materials in modern paints, and search for potential chronological markers. Colored reference paints manufactured by local companies in Argentina from the 1940s and 1950s were studied with a multi-analytical approach that included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. A wide range of compounds was identified due to the complementarity use of the analytical techniques. Historical references, patents, books, and scientific publications about the materials used in that time period provided invaluable information in establishing tentative timelines for modern paint components. This investigation was part of a broader interdisciplinary investigation of Concrete Art, an international art movement of the beginning of the twentieth century, which took place in Argentina and other nearby countries during the 1940s and 1950s. To prove the concept, a micro-sample from “Obra N° 171” by Raúl Lozza was analyzed. Organic and inorganic fractions were studied and the information collected was correlated with developed timelines to support the authentication process. Ultimately, the information from this study may also have a direct impact on the key areas of material characterization, aging behavior, and conservation of works of art made from these products.

A KEY PARTNER ONLY NOW? THE PRESENT-CENTREDNESS IN KOREA’S VIEWS OF ITS ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH SOUTHEAST ASIA

Common public narratives in South Korea note that “Southeast Asia has recently emerged as its key economic partner.” Yet, these accounts are typically presented only with recent economic statistics and are largely devoid of context or nuance. In particular, they lack consideration of historical references, creating the impression that Korea-Southeast Asia ties are only a “recent” development. This “presentist” tendency is not only ahistorical in itself, but it may also produce a misleading appreciation of South Korea’s relations with Southeast Asia. By reviewing statistical information relevant to Southeast Asia’s economic importance to South Korea, particularly in trade and foreign direct investment, this article shows that SE Asia became Korea’s top economic partner at a much early point in time. It also discusses the factors that may have contributed to the popularity of such a presentist view in the public conscience.

Consuming Royalty

Consuming Royalty

Historical Analysis of Nepal’s International Relations from a Defence Perspective

Nepal has a track record of being one of the oldest as well as ever sovereign and independent nations of the world. Today, Nepal’s international relations is going through a critical and vulnerable phase. One of the main reasons for this may be that Nepal abruptly abandoned and stopped learning from the deeds of the founding heroes and has not been able to chart and steer an effective national policy strategy in its international relations. In the past, many of the rulers used to be kings and military generals and they had adopted hard power as their main instruments. Today, Nepal cannot think of hard power but rather soft power and smart power. At this point, it would be pertinent to reflect on Nepal’s past international relations policy strategy so it may help to understand the value and role of national security policy strategy as an integral part of successful international relations in the future. This paper has tried to examine the international relations of contemporary Nepal from a defense perspective based on historical references.

Theatre dialogues with machines

This article highlights artistic strategies that deal with algorithms, machines, and the interplay between humans and machines in the context of theatre. It is written from the perspective of a theatre practitioner and researcher, and focuses on the question of what artistic strategies can be used to express the interplay of humans and machines at this specific point in history and technological progress. The article draws on two historical references, the concept of a rule-based theatre in pre-modern theatre and strategies to address the android in the avant-garde movements of the early twentieth century. It identifies features of a ‘cyborg art’ and counterposes them to more traditional humanistic approaches, in order to identify modern artistic strategies in theatre, that deal with human–machine interaction. It then raises the question of whether these strategies need to be expanded or reinvented to accommodate the latest developments in AI, identifying three new qualities of concurrent machines, their ability to ‘hallucinate‘, their ‘softness’ and their implicit message ‘meaning is improbable‘. In the last section I will describe own approaches to stage artificial intelligence using improvisational theatre ‘Almost Human‘ (2019) and ‘The Answering Machine’ (ongoing) and address basic problems of how we can represent digital machines on a stage.

Exploring The Dynamics of Intertextuality: A Study of Selected Works by Rajāʾ ʿĀlim

RajāʾʿĀlim, a distinguished Saudi Arabian author, is often noted for her overtly complex and densely layered use of intertextual references, which renders her writing convoluted and intricate. However, this research argues that despite these criticisms, her intertextual approach ultimately enriches the literary experience, highlighting her significant impact on Saudi and Arabic literature through the lens of intertextuality.The study explores ʿĀlim's intertextual approach in various genres (novels, short stories, and drama), seamlessly integrating aesthetic and political elements for a captivating and intellectually stimulating reading experience. Through analyzing literary, religious, historical, and mythical references, the research reveals the profound implications of her intertextuality.The findings demonstrate that intertextuality serves as a powerful tool, expanding the scope of her texts and transcending boundaries, thus placing her work within a larger universal context. It fosters familiarity and connection with established texts, prompting readers to adopt innovative reading approaches that challenge the notion of self-contained literary works. This cultivates a diverse cultural discourse, bridging her work to a timeless and borderless literary heritage, and giving rise to fresh perspectives or commentaries on the role of literature within society, actively participating in pivotal contemporary discussions.

Prioritizing Maternal Mental Health in Addressing Morbidity and Mortality.

The rate of maternal mortality in the United States is 2-fold to 3-fold greater than that in other high-income countries. While many national initiatives have been developed to combat maternal mortality, these efforts often fail to include mental illness. To highlight the underrecognized contribution of mental illness to maternal mortality, which is nearly double that of postpartum hemorrhage. A topic outline was developed to include challenges in measuring perinatal mental conditions and mortality rates; contributions of social determinants of health to mental conditions and mortality; perinatal psychiatric disorder characterization; mechanisms by which maternal mental illness increases mortality, specifically, suicide and addictive disorders; access limitations and care "deserts"; prenatal stress and its impact on reproductive outcomes; increasing clinician expertise through cross-disciplinary education; intervention sites and models; and asserting that mental health is fundamental to maternal health. Publications in the last 3 years were prioritized, particularly those relating to policy. References were selected through consensus. Sources were PubMed, Ovid, direct data published on government websites, and health policy sources such as the Policy Center for Maternal Mental Health. Priority was given to recent sources. Citations from 2022-2023 numbered 26; within the last 5 years, 14; and historical references, 15. Recommendations to address each topic area serve as concluding statements for each section. To mitigate the contributions of mental illness to the maternal mortality risk, a coordinated effort is required across professional and governmental organizations. Concrete programmatic and policy changes are needed to reduce perinatal stress and address trauma, standardize the collection of social determinant of health data among perinatal patients, increase access to reproductive psychiatry curricula among prescribers, reduce perinatal mental health and obstetrical deserts, institute paid parental leave, and support seamless integration of perinatal and behavioral health care. Moreover, instead of focusing on a relatively minor portion of the contributors to health that current medical practice targets, fortifying the social foundation strengthens the prospects for the health of families for our current and future generations.

Examining the Popularity of Yoshimoto Banana with Reference to the Historical Ties Between Italy and Japan

This article investigates the popularity of the contemporary Japanese writer Yoshimoto Banana abroad, especially in Italy. This has its own particular reasons. Italy was the first western country where she achieved immense popularity beyond her home country Japan. The article mulls over the notable developments and other key factors why Italy became the entry point of Yoshimoto Banana to international level of popularity supported with the historical references from the key incidents of historical contact between Japan and Italy. This includes description in travelogues as old as from thirteenth century by various notable historical figures who either came to Japan from Italy or vice versa. It further probes the appreciation received by Yoshimoto Banana through reception of various critical choice awards and an ever expanding fan base in Italy, which is rare for an author from Asian origin.

Black Puddings

A survey of black pudding recipes and historical references to them especially in the North of England.

Shades of violet: Study of the compositional variability of historical Methyl violet dyes

Bright violet-coloured aniline dyes were developed and produced from the late 19th century onwards. Primarily used for dyeing of textiles, they were also employed in inks for letters and drawings. The industrial production of these dyes comprised numerous companies in Germany, France and England and concurrent chemical synthesis methods rapidly evolved. ‘Methyl violet’, also known as ‘Violet de Paris’, is an example of an aniline dye that made a large impact in Europe and was widely used. This study aims to provide insight into the composition of historical ‘Methyl violet’ dyes to gain a better understanding of the formulation of past inks, their degradation and to support colour reconstruction of old drawings and manuscripts. Thirty-nine ‘Methyl violet’ reference samples, dating from the late 19th century until the 1930′s, originating from leading dye producers in Europe, were analysed. UHPLC-PDA-HRMS was applied for the identification of the dye compounds. It was revealed that a significant part (ca. 35%) contained not only methylated, but also benzylated pararosanilines. Although benzylated compounds are mentioned in historical sources as ‘Methyl violet’, ‘Violet the Paris’, and ‘Methyl violet 6B’, they have only once been reported in modern literature and are now elucidated in detail for the first time. The relative amount of highly substituted pararosaniline increases when benzylation is performed resulting in an overall “bluer” dye mixture. The benzylated Methyl violets were mostly found in ‘Methyl violet 6B’ samples, but not exclusively. This exploration of the composition of a large number of historical ‘Methyl violet’ samples highlights the complexity and compositional variety of early synthetic dyestuff productions and the importance of large-scale studies of historical references.

Heritage as Landscape Manicure – Questioning Idealized Historical Landscapes as a Model for Sustainability; The Example of Toarp Ecovillage in Sweden

ABSTRACT When the ecovillage of Toarp was established in the peri-urban landscape of Malmö, Sweden, it was designed with inspiration from the historical regional landscape and its settlement forms. In the launching of the area the past was mirrored as more sustainable than the present. As demonstrated, the historical references in the planned and produced Toarp landscape are however made selectively and rather allude to an idealized historical past than to the processes that actually shaped the existing landscape. This, it is argued, is an aesthetization of the landscape heritage that is problematic because it uses constructions of the past – in this case to argue for sustainability – in a way that conceals the becoming and significance of fundamental landscape realities.

“The Making of Strange Bedfellows”. A Shakespeare Quotation and Its Propagation of New Proverbs

Starting as a literary quotation, “Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows” from William Shakespeare’s romance The Tempest (1611) reached somewhat of a proverbial status over time but certainly never became a generally employed folk proverb. That was left to its shortened rephrasing “Misery makes strange bedfellows” and its subsequent proverbial variants “Misfortune makes strange bedfellows”, “Necessity makes strange bedfellows”, “Adversity makes strange bedfellows”, “Poverty makes strange bedfellows”, and the somewhat newer “Business makes strange bedfellows.” They all have become proverbs in their own right, and yet, “Politics makes strange bedfellows” wins the prize as far as its general currency and high frequency in oral and written communications since the late eighteenth century to the present time is concerned. As numerous historical references show, Shakespeare’s original text resulted in the fascinating propagation of several proverbs following the structure of “X makes strange bedfellows.” As such they have become so popular that anti-proverbs and mere allusions are based on them, easily recalling the underlying proverbs. It might well be that even more modern proverbs will be coined on this well-established pattern in due time. With ever more textual databases becoming available, earlier historical references might well be found, but the present case study has left no proverbial stone unturned for now.

Latin in Soviet Secondary Schools (1948–1954): Philology and Ideology

In the years between 1948 and 1954, several schools in the Soviet Union incorporated Latin into the curriculum for high school students. To implement the reform, S. P. Kondratyev and A. I. Vasnetsov developed a textbook that has gone through four editions. The textbook includes chrestomathic materials with excerpts from Latin texts and methodological recommendations. The manuals were compiled hastily without adequate discussion of their content. The innovation, which consisted in the reorganization of grammatical material, the different selection of original Latin texts (extracts from the works of Herodotus, Justin, and Maciej Miechowita describing the ancient state of territories that were part of the Soviet Union), and an increase in the proportion of historical and linguistic material in the explanation of grammar rules, met with disapproval from the professional community of classical philologists, who criticized the teaching and methodological approach of the course. Kondratyev and Vasnetsov only made concessions by 1953, but they tried to strengthen the ideological and educational components in the teaching of Latin in schools. The adapted texts and proverbs chosen for the students demonstrated those characteristics of the Romans that corresponded with the ideal of a Soviet person (collectivism, courage, determination in overcoming difficulties, humility, comradeship, selflessness, etc.). A number of historical and linguistic references in textbooks allude to contemporary events and, consequently, play the role of political education. For example, the preservation of the Roman vocabulary in conditions of dependence on the Etruscans can be compared to the resistance of the Slavic population in Bulgaria. However, the experiment was abandoned in 1954. This article considers the teaching and methodology of Latin as a marker of ideological processes. The introduction of this subject in secondary schools fits within the general context of late Stalinist classicism.

Reconceptualizing the Link Between Validity and Translation in Qualitative Research: Extending the Conversation Beyond Equivalence

Qualitative researchers often take for granted that the process of translation involves finding in the target language an equivalent linguistic expression to the one used in the source language. The validity of translation in qualitative research is thus based on the equivalence between the original and the translated texts, and correspondingly, uncertainty and differences between the two are treated as threats to validity and trustworthiness. Integrating insights from critical translational theories and Phil Carspecken’s critical reconstructive analysis, we demonstrate that a series of possible meanings always co-exists in the interpretation of a single speech act in both an original text and its translation. These nuanced meanings carry both foregrounded and backgrounded historical, inter-, and intra-cultural references. Through the application of critical reconstructive analyses to original and translated texts, we use examples to demonstrate an approach to achieve reflexivity and criticality through embracing, dialoguing about, and reflecting upon the uncertainty and difference in the meaning-making process of translation. Under this new approach, equivalence is not the sole criterion to evaluate the validity and trustworthiness of translation-related work in qualitative research; uncertainty and difference are not merely threats to the validity of qualitative research. We argue that, if addressed appropriately, uncertainty and difference can catalyze researchers’ interrogation of their own positionality as well as various forms of power dynamics, and thus enhance the validity of qualitative research.