Historical Material Research Articles

Analysis of the Impact of Multimedia Imaging Technology on Film Media

Multimedia imaging technology is widely used in many fields of modern life, such as traditional artistic expressions such as movies and dramas, and emerging computer multimedia technologies such as video image rendering, dynamic image processing and three-dimensional image processing are constantly emerging, providing viewers with better visual effects. At the same time, due to the limitation of shooting conditions or improper storage and reproduction, many video materials have different degrees of distortion, so it is particularly urgent to protect and repair these materials. In this context, we introduced different types of computer multimedia technology, and made a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the media. This will help to optimize and improve the film and television production process, improve the quality of works, and protect historical video materials.

Touching the Franks Casket: Global History and the Trojan Past on an Early Medieval English Object

Abstract The contribution examines the Franks Casket, a whale-bone casket probably produced in the northern British kingdom of Northumbria in the eighth century that displays a number of carved images referencing events from different cultural and temporal contexts as well as inscriptions in Roman script and runes, Latin and Old English. We focus on the casket’s lid, which shows a siege scene, with an archer prominently displayed towards the middle, the word ægili carved above him. Traditionally understood as a reference to an unknown story about Weland’s brother Egil, the image has also been read as a depiction of the siege of Troy by a minority of scholars. While we offer evidence that the latter reading is at least somewhat better founded than the former, we argue that the lid’s design does not necessarily invite a straightforward identification with a single cultural context but rather works as a hinge that ties together the various cultural and temporal references on the casket. In allowing the viewer to construct various contexts in which the image might be viewed, the Franks Casket suggests their fundamental compatibility, as if the supposedly distinct historical and legendary materials had always overlapped and permeated each other. Taking into account the object’s material and aesthetic form thus makes it possible to break away from all-too-simple narratives of historical succession and helps us understand the complex temporalities that early medieval English art was capable of generating.

Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty—From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism, Sages, to Saints

Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty—From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism, Sages, to Saints

PERANCANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PENGENALAN BENDERA PADA ANAK KELAS 1 SDIT EL FATAH BERBASIS CONSTRUCT 2

This study aims to design and develop a learning application focused on introducing flags to first-grade students at SDIT EL Fatah. The application is designed using the Construct 2 platform, a tool that allows the development of interactive applications without requiring deep programming skills. This application integrates various interactive features that include learning materials, quizzes, user profiles, and usage instructions. The learning materials are presented in engaging and easy-to-understand slides, while the quizzes are designed to test and reinforce students' understanding of the material they have learned. The user profile feature allows students to track their learning progress, and the usage instructions provide clear guidance for navigating the application.The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), which includes steps such as identifying potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision, and mass production. The results of this study indicate that this flag introduction learning application is effective in increasing students' interest and understanding of historical material. The application also received positive responses from teachers and students, indicating that the use of technology in learning can enhance student interaction and engagement.Therefore, this application is expected to become an innovative and effective learning solution, particularly in the context of primary education in Indonesia. This study also contributes to the development of technology-based learning methods that can be applied to various other subjects in primary schools

The Involvement of the Pechenegs in the Ethnopolitical Processes of the Southern Russian Steppes

Examining the involvement of the Pechenegs in the ethnopolitical processes of the Southern Russian steppes is crucial for understanding the formation of the ethnic and political map of Eastern Europe during the 10th and 11th centuries. The impact of the Pechenegs on the political situation in this region remains significant for historians and ethnologists. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the Pechenegs in the ethnopolitical processes of the Southern Russian steppes from the mid-10th century to the mid-11th century. The research focuses on the Pechenegs' contributions to ethnopolitical changes and their interactions with other peoples and states in the region. The study utilizes the works of prominent historians such as N. M. Karamzin, P. A. Golubovsky, S. M. Solov'ev and G. Manuku-Adameshteanu, as well as research by Turkish and Hungarian scholars. The analysis is based on primary sources, including chronicles and archaeological data, as well as secondary historical materials. The study addresses the origin of the name "Pecheneg" and their early homeland. Historians like Tatishchev, Karamzin, and Solovyov present different views on the origins and initial territories of the Pechenegs. Tatishchev associates the Pechenegs with the Sarmatians, while Karamzin and Solovyov identify them as Turkic peoples. The research examines the Pechenegs' influence on ethnopolitical processes in the Southern Russian steppes, including their conflicts with the Bulgars, Hungarians, Khazars, and the Rus state. Golubovsky and Manuku-Adameshteanu highlight the Pechenegs' significant impact on the Hungarians and other regional peoples. The article also explores the Pechenegs' settlement in modern Hungary and their roles as both vassals of the Kievan state and independent political actors in the region's political life. The article concludes that the Pechenegs played a significant role in the ethnopolitical processes of the Southern Russian steppes during the 10th and 11th centuries. Despite losing their political power by the mid-11th century, they had a considerable impact. Further research is needed to fully understand their role in the history of Eastern Europe.

How Work Becomes Invisible: The Erosion of the Wage Floor for Workers with Disabilities

How does work come to be constructed as a service to the worker? In the United States, the payment of subminimum wages to disabled workers has been legal since 1938 and was entrenched by 1986 legislation eliminating the previously mandated floor of 50 percent of the minimum wage. This article draws on primary historical materials to explain the passage of these amendments, which I analyze as a case of delaborization, a process through which work is mystified as such and reclassified as something else (e.g., service). I find that the managers of segregated workshops for disabled manual laborers rose to control disability employment policy in the aftermath of deinstitutionalization. Professionals mobilized disability stigma to frame the subminimum wage as a social welfare issue subject to their expertise and to lobby successfully for its entrenchment. Weaknesses in the disability–labor coalition enabled this seizure of jurisdiction. This research illuminates professional expertise, the withdrawal of labor unions, and identity-based stigma as major mechanisms driving delaborization, an important contemporary influence on the organization of work. The case of the subminimum wage thus develops sociological literatures on labor, disability, and politics.

Computer English Teaching in Summer Learning Programs As Foreign Language

Language is the mode of identity and recognition. Summer learning programs are essential in helping children and young people interact and develop solid ethical bonds in different communities. Current issues related to the linguistic and philosophical nature of socio-ethical vocabulary in terms of diachronic are discussed in the article. Based on the analysis of a large amount of historical and philosophical material, the authors present their interpretation of the formation stages of the vocabulary of ethics as an integral part of the general philosophical vocabulary. However, each time and in each country, the interpretation of ethical concepts and norms, and therefore terms, was of a concrete historical and purely national character. In view of the objectives of this article, we consider it necessary to give a brief overview of the ethics of antiquity and the Middle Ages in order to understand and consider the specific role of ethics in science and practice of later historical eras. The authors hope that adopting pre-communicative activities as a part of the teaching method will be more effective in learning English as a foreign language.

Unveiling the Silent Narratives: A Multidimensional Analysis of the Stellenbosch University Faculty of Theology Building and its Impact on Teaching Church History

This article delves into the intricate history, contextual significance, and contemporary implications of the building housing the Faculty of Theology at Stellenbosch University. Over decades, the edifice has garnered attention for its historical and architectural attributes, underscoring its role in the broader narrative of Stellenbosch, a significance predating and exemplifying colonial history. In addition to the architectural and spatial dimensions, the myths and symbols associated with the building are explored, adding layers to its complex history. The intersection of these historical elements with its current use within Stellenbosch University prompts a compelling inquiry into whether and how the structure influences teaching and research, particularly in the domain of church history. The article engages with the history of the building that houses the Stellenbosch University Faculty of Theology and attempts to find out if elements of this complex history finds expression in the different church history modules taught in its confines. The authors first work through historic and current source material that share information of the histories of the mentioned building and then work through the course content and foci of the different church history modules, attempting to find teaching links. The authors further engage with broader contextual debates related to visual redress and the contextualisation of symbols in the vicinity of the building. As such this article aims to address the pivotal question: Do the historical backdrop and current realities of the building shape the teaching of church history within its walls?

Discourses Related to the Activities of Local Offices in the 16th—18th Centuries (The Case of Upper Silesia)

A method of discursive analysis of archival official texts offers a comprehensive view of historical material, much more in-depth than stylistic analyses. The subject of this description are Polish-language official records created in Upper Silesia between the 16th and 18th centuries, illustrating a certain stage of the formation of institutional legal discourse, present in the Polish communicative space since the Middle Ages. The surviving collections represent various types of discourse, determined by the intentions of the people approaching the office and by the role assumed by the institutional entity both in a specific event and in the formulation of a legal written document. The article outlines the two most common discourses in the collections studied: 1. the chancery discourse, that was aimed to produce documentation that would ensure the approaching parties the right to dispose of property in accordance with the established agreements and financial transaction; 2. the judicial discourse, that involved resolving disputes between community members and ensuring public order. The written forms documenting the actions of the court served a mainly informative and reporting function, and their role was extremely important in the current legal system, as they formed the basis for possible appeal proceedings.

The role of administrative categories in the globalisation of a psychiatric concept: Case studies of autism in Japan

This paper explores how what I call ‘administrative categories’ have been adopted by the Japanese government and experts in autism support and what roles these categories have played in local settings. Since support practices for children and adults with autism began in the 1950s in Japan, the Japanese government and people engaging in autism support have used Japanese-specific administrative categories, instead of relying on a medical concept of autism, such as ‘severe moving disabilities’ (SMD), ‘emotional disturbance’, and ‘extremely disruptive behavioural disorders’ (EDBD).To understand the emergence of these three autism-related administrative categories in Japan, historical materials published from the 1950s to the 1990s by Japanese authors (doctors, psychologists, teachers, educationalists, welfare workers, government officials, and parents) and interview data with 19 leading experts of autism in Japan were collected and analysed thematically.The analysis revealed that the governmental ministries aimed to focus on establishing administrative support by avoiding engaging in aetiological debates among doctors, and to describe the political agenda more vividly. Administrative categories filled the gap between local interests and international medical concepts, enabling the concept of autism to be rooted in Japan's administrative systems. Three roles of administrative categories were identified: i) separation from medicine, ii) describing local problems, and iii) claimsmaking to wider actors and the public.I concluded that looking purely at medical and specifically diagnostic concepts limits our understanding of the formation of practices regarding disabilities, and thus more focus should be placed on categorisation practices outside of medicine. In addition, to the literature on the globalisation of Euro-American psychiatric concepts, this study contributes to our knowledge of a form of locality that has not been central in the exploration of the influence of globalisation on local settings and the relationships between the local and the global.

Painting the Past in the 19th Century: Materials, Methods, and Perspectives in Watercolour Replicas

This study focuses on the material characterisation of a collection of 19th-century watercolour replicas that reproduce ancient Egyptian mural paintings and illuminated decorations from medieval manuscripts. Non-contact analyses, including macro-X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fibre-optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), were employed to examine the composition of the painting materials, particularly the pigments. The findings are contextualised through archival research into 19th-century technical sources on historical painting and illuminating practices, as well as contemporaneous pigment catalogues that reported commercial prices. Ultimately, this research aimed to explore whether 19th-century artists engaged with historical material practices beyond mere visual representation in their depictions of historical subjects. The results obtained from the replicas of medieval illuminations are groundbreaking, as they challenge prevailing scholarly assumptions. Notably, the use of pigments such as minium and ultramarine blue, which were held in high regard during the Middle Ages, along with the use of chalk in the preparation of the support, suggest that, in an industrialised world where engagement with material culture was increasingly driven by commercial profit, some academic circles still sought to explore and preserve selected historical material practices in the art of painting.

Alois Riehls Blick auf Friedrich Nietzsche und sein Verhältnis zu Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche

Abstract Alois Riehl’s View of Friedrich Nietzsche and His Relationship with Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Alois Riehl and Friedrich Nietzsche were contemporaries – both were born in the same year, 1844. But the philosophical paths they followed could hardly be more different. Nevertheless, Riehl recognized Nietzsche as one of the most important thinkers of his time. He was one of the first academic philosophers to devote a detailed analysis to Nietzsche’s writings. And Riehl saw in Nietzsche’s work a complementary counterpart to the scientific philosophy that he developed in his Philosophical Criticism. At the heart of the present paper is a speech given by Riehl on October 15, 1903, on the occasion of the reopening of the Villa Silberblick and the unveiling of Max Klinger’s bust of Nietzsche. The argument is divided into three parts. First, it reconstructs the background to these events historically in light of the friendly relationship between Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche and Riehl, as well as Riehl’s hesitation to give a speech. Second, Riehl’s ambivalent attitude in his reception of Nietzsche is analyzed through a close reading of his text. Third, the paper concludes with a final look at the specific event of October 15, 1903, based on historical material.

Undisclosed facts in Friedrich Wegener's links with Nazism.

Friedrich Wegener was the author of a comprehensive description of a disease that was named Wegener's granulomatosis. In 2010, its name was changed to granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), the reason being that Wegener's links to Nazism were revealed. The research was conducted between May 2021 and August 2023 and was based on the historical method (understood as defining the subject of research, critical analysis of collected historical source materials, and historiographical synthesis) using the methods of direct and indirect inference ascribed to the historical method. Wegener and his wife were members of numerous Nazi organizations. He was rewarded for his stance by the German Reich. Together with his family, he lived in very comfortable conditions for the standards of the time, unattainable for the average person. He described himself as a frontline combatant in the Nazi invasion of Poland. Friedrich Wegener's links with Nazism were more extensive than has hitherto been known. The links involved his professional and private life. They testify to his membership in numerous Nazi organizations, as well as his active involvement in the activities of various institutions and communities of the German Reich and his overt expression of support for Hitler. Wegener's numerous accolades from the German Reich providing him with professional, material and personal benefits were proof of his links with the Nazi movement. Wegener's association with Nazism helped him to advance his career, and to attain a high social status and quality of life, both before the outbreak and during the Second World War.

RENARRATING THE ISLAMISATION OF THE MALAY-INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO IN 13th-19th CENTURIES

This article aims at re-presenting the Islamisation of the Malay-Indonesian archipelago from the 13th to 19th century, focusing on the narrative of intellectualism and activism conducted inter-relatedly during the very act of religious proselytization. The background of this research arises from the need to understand the complexity of Islamisation in the archipelago, on the one hand, and the negligence of such narrative in the historiography of islamization, on the other. Taking this as the basis of narrative, this article will re-explain the major phases in the Islamization of the archipelago by paying attention both to the political variable and, particularly, the intellectual-historical aspects. This paper uses the historical-descriptive method by collecting and analyzing relevant historical materials. The selected data will be re-narrated within the framework of intellectualism and activism in the Islamization process. This research also uses the comparative method to compare the phases of Islamization in various regions of the archipelago, thus providing a more complete picture of the dynamics that occurred in the 13th to 19th centuries. The expected purpose is to go beyond the political-historical perspective that currently dominates the historiography of Islamization and marginalizes the proselytizing aspect which is an intertwining of intellectualism and activism in that process.

Фактор историзма в преподавании уголовно-исполнительного права на юридическом факультете университета: инновационный подход к историческому аспекту

The author analyzes new forms of patriotic education of students of the law faculty of a classical university. In the process of teaching the academic discipline “Criminal Law of the Russian Federation”, it is recommended to analyze the norms of national law and the practice of its application relevant for the period of the Second World War. We can also recommend a broader study of the historical material of this academic discipline. To implement such innovative proposals, it is necessary to comprehend existing educational (work) programs in this discipline from new points of view.

Android Application as an Innovative Learning Media: Increasing Students' Historical Empathy Through the History of the Balinese Kingdom

The lack of digital learning media makes it difficult for students to study anywhere. This research aims to analyze Android-based media applications for the history of the Balinese Kingdom that are suitable for learning media for class X high school Hindu and Buddhist Kingdoms material. This research method is research and development (R&D) with a 4-D approach. The subject of this research is class X SMA. The validation process involves experts in the field of materials and media. Data collection methods through interviews, surveys, questionnaires and literature studies. The data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results show that the Android-based media application for the history of the Balinese kingdom based on Hindu and Buddhist kingdom material is very suitable for use as an alternative learning media to increase historical empathy. By using augmented reality (AR) technology, students can explore historical sites in realistic 3D, allowing them to experience the atmosphere of the past more realistically. Learning media using Android-based applications can provide a more exciting and relevant approach for students, increase historical empathy, and expand the accessibility of learning materials. This research implies that the use of technology such as augmented reality (AR) and multimedia interaction makes historical material more exciting and easier to understand and allows students to engage emotionally and deeply with the material being studied.

IMPROVING HISTORY LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH THE THINK PAIR AND SHARE TYPE COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL IN CLASS XI IPS 1 SMAN 2 MEDAN

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Think Pair and Share cooperative learning model in improving history learning outcomes in class XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 2 Medan. The research method used was a pre-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 30 students randomly selected from class XI IPS 1. The instrument used was a test of history learning outcomes before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The research results show a significant increase in history learning outcomes after implementing the Think Pair and Share cooperative learning model. These findings indicate that the model is effective in improving understanding and retention of historical material. The practical implication of this research is that a cooperative approach can be an effective alternative to improving history learning outcomes in high schools, especially at SMA Negeri 2 Medan. Future research can explore the influence of other factors that can influence the successful implementation of the cooperative learning model. Through collaboration between researchers, educators, and other stakeholders, continued efforts to integrate cooperative learning models into curricula and instructional practices can strengthen the positive impact of this approach. In this way, we can continue to improve the quality of history education and prepare students to become citizens who are skilled, critical, and knowledgeable about their history and cultural heritage.

Exploration of Oral History in Ethnomusicological Research

Oral history, which collects historical materials by means of oral interviews, is an important auxiliary means for ethnomusicological research. Marked by the First Symposium on Oral History of Music in 2014, the academic community has launched a series of discussions and elaborations on its concepts, methods, norms, meanings, and other dimensions, and a series of academic achievements have been born. In this paper, we will combine relevant theses to explain how music oral history as contemporary history can achieve “intertextuality” in ethnomusicological research, emphasize its humanistic attributes, and summarize our reflections on the basis of existing academic experiences.

ЖАЛАЛ-АБАДДАГЫ КЫСКА МӨӨНӨТТҮҮ ПАДАГОГИКАЛЫК ОКУУ КУРСУНУН ТАРЫХЫ

This scientific article provides a scientific analysis of the history of a short-term pedagogical training course in the Jalal-Abad region, opened in 1923, and issues of education, public enlightenment in a historical context. The geographical scope of the article presented to the scientific community is the Jalal-Abad region, the time frame of which covers the period from 1923 to 1926, and examines historical events that contributed to the elimination of illiteracy and the development of education in the Jalal-Abad region. Historical facts are archival data of the National State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the State Archive in the capital, archival data in the Osh region and Jalal-Abad region, V.F. Trunov's data for 1887-1997 and other historical and source materials are presented. As a result of archival research, it was found that in 1923 there was a short-term pedagogical course in the Jalal-Abad region, opinions were added about a number of obstacles, shortcomings and prerequisites for the development of the historical process of education. In conclusion, the article emphasized the need for scientific study of the history of the educational direction in this area.

A Comparative Study of the Divorce Systems of the Tang Dynasty and Japan at the same Era

The system of divorce, which is a very important part of the marriage system, also formed a complete system and developed to its peak in the feudal era of the Tang Dynasty. In the process of economic, cultural and political exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and other countries, the divorce system of the late Asuka Period, the Nara Period and the early Heian Period in Japan, which corresponded to the Tang Dynasty, had a certain influence. This paper mainly combines the historical material "Tang Laws and Regulations" and Japanese "Pension Laws", "Household Marriage Laws" and other laws to carry out theoretical research, literature research method, and comparative research method. In the process of transplantation of Chinese law, it also reflects the different social ideologies of two different countries for the divorce system, and it produces a certain difference for the maintenance of harmonious family relations, social stability, and the sense of well-being of the divorce system to different.