Historical Attractions Research Articles

Sustainable and Quality Tourism Training for the Local Community of Braga Tourism Village

The readiness and participation of the community inbalancing their area to become a destination with quality tourism is needed.Therefore, community empowerment is needed, which aims to harmonizethe existing strategic plan for the community living in Braga Tourism Village,which requires readiness and participation in its development because thecommunity lives around an area with historical and cultural tourism potential,which of course needs to be preserved and utilized by applicable laws. Thecommunity needs to identify the potential and implement suitable programsbased on the concept and applicable laws. With this provision, it washoped that community-based tourism efforts would support the existenceof areas with potential cultural and historical attractions and promote qualitytourism. This community service program aims to provide material on theconcept of quality tourism and sustainable tourism. This program aimedto maximize the potential of the cultural history tourist attraction of BragaTourism Village, which then targets the community to understand and applythe material that has been given in the training. The activity method is inthe form of exposure to quality and sustainable tourism material to maximizeexisting potential. This program was divided into three parts: planningand preparation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. This trainingprogram was well executed because the community had better post-testscore results compared to the pretest. However, they still need to learn moreabout the positive impact of tourism on the environment and its applicationin the community, especially businesses that support tourism.

Unlocking the relationship between destination brand value and tourists' intentions to visit: A case study in Quang Binh province

This study aims to explore the factors that constitute the concept of destination brand value and analyze the influence of these elements on tourists' intention to choose a destination. The destination is seen as a brand that builds and maintains a unique venue image, enhances its competitive position and attracts visitors to this destination. Vietnam has much potential to attract tourists with its scenic landscapes and historical cultural relics. However, since COVID-19, attracting tourists has yet to be able to compete with other countries in the region such as Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines. How can Vietnamese destination brand value be improved to compete in attracting tourists? To answer the above research question, a quantitative approach was applied. Data was collected from 295 tourists intending to visit Quang Binh, a central province of Vietnam with many famous natural, cultural and historical attractions. Through exploratory factor analysis, research results show that three factors of brand value impact the online travel experience: destination image brand quality, destination brand awareness and destination brand image. This study confirms the positive relationship between online destination brand experience and destination intention to visit. Some implications are proposed for managers in the tourism industry to improve the competitive advantage of the Quang Binh destination brand.

Analysis of Traveller Growth Trends After the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Accommodation Types in Yogyakarta

The global tourism industry, including the Yogyakarta Special District, is severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemicHowever, as a result of policies that supported and strengthened tourism infrastructure from 2020 to 2022, there has been considerable progress in the number of foreign and domestic tourist visits. This positive trend can continue and make a greater contribution to the development of a region. This study aims to identify the annual trend of growth of this group of travellers, select popular tourist attractions, and predict the trend of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals in Yogyakarta Special District based on the type of hotel in 2023. The basic sample of the research consists of 36 months from 2020 to 2022. The research was conducted quantitatively and focused on time series analysis using a linear trend model. The results of the study show that foreign tourists are far fewer than domestic tourists, but the trend in the percentage growth of foreign tourists from 2020 to 2022 is greater than the growth trend of domestic tourists; The growth of domestic and foreign tourists peaked in July 2020 and March 2022, respectively; Domestic tourists are more interested in nature sights, with Bantul Parangtritis Beach as their favourite location. Meanwhile, foreign tourists are more interested in historical attractions, with Yogyakarta's Taman Sari as their favourite; Forecasting the trend of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals to the Special Region of Yogyakarta for 2023 shows an increasing number with a decreasing growth percentage in the same period.

Pesona Objek Wisata Sejarah di Kabupaten Sinjai

This study aims to determine the potential of historical attractions in Sinjai Regency, the development of historical tourism in Sinjai Regency 2008-2016, and the impact of historical tourism on the communities around the site, the government and tourists. The method used in the research and writing of this thesis is a historical research method, which includes: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interview and literature study techniques. The results of this study indicate that Sinjai as a Level II Region in South Sulawesi has tourism potential that is not inferior to other regions. The Batupake Gojeng Archaeological Park, the Karampuang Indigenous Area, and the Balangnipa Fort are one of the historical tourist destinations offered by Sinjai Regency. Although the Tourism and Culture Office of Sinjai Regency was only established in 2017, activities in the tourism sector will continue to be carried out in previous years. The three historical attractions have their respective developments both in terms of facilities and infrastructure to the number of visitors. The contribution of each element in the development of the historical tourism sector in Sinjai Regency is something that needs to be improved. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the historical attractions in Sinjai Regency have an impact on the socio-cultural, educational and economic sectors for the local government and the people who live around the site.

Qatar's FIFA World Cup odyssey: A quest for legacy transforming a small nation into a global destination

This study delves into the profound impact of mega-events on a destination's perception, focusing notably on Qatar's hosting experience during the FIFA World Cup 2022. Employing a qualitative longitudinal research approach, data is drawn from a variety of sources including Scopus articles, international studies, tourism records, newspapers, and interviews with diverse stakeholders such as visitors, tourism experts, executives, and government officials. Through an inductive content analysis of this extensive dataset, the authors identify key influencing factors. They meticulously examine a decade-long evolution using assessments from independent travel and tourism rating organizations alongside various metrics. The findings reveal a significant uptick in Qatar's allure and inbound tourism. Factors contributing to this surge are systematically categorized, with transportation and events infrastructure, hospitality and accommodation facilities, and media exposure emerging as consistent themes across host nations. Additionally, contextual factors like security/safety, culture/heritage, and diversity are highlighted for their pivotal role in shaping a destination's image. This research underscores how mega-events act as catalysts for reshaping Qatar's destination identity and attracting inbound tourism, as evidenced by a range of indicators contingent upon maintaining both universal and contextual factors. It emphasizes the importance of a strategic vision that nurtures these factors over time, aligning with the destination's life cycle to forge a lasting legacy. Furthermore, the study illuminates how mega-events can bolster soft power for small countries lacking significant natural or historical attractions, providing valuable insights for policymakers and marketers to devise effective strategies.

A human-centric decision-support system for smart and sustainable tourism management in urban settings

ABSTRACT This paper presents a human-centric decision-support system for planning a sustainable daily sightseeing tour in cities with diverse cultural and historical attractions. The system, personalised and with a particular emphasis on sustainability, is developed through a participatory design approach based on a survey targeted at tourists and evaluations from two focus groups involving stakeholders in the tourist industry. The tour is determined using an optimisation model that tackles the Green Tourist Trip Design Problem, considering user preferences such as budget, time availability, transportation modes, and the inclusion of dining options within a specified time window. The objective is to maximise a trip score while minimising CO2 emissions. The proposed model is tested in an urban setting, encompassing 58 Points of Interest (POIs) in the city of Reggio Calabria, Italy. The Analytical Hierarchy Process is employed as a multi-criteria decision-making method to assign scores to each POI. Additionally, a mobile application is developed to implement the optimisation model, providing a user-friendly interface for tourists to set parameters. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach, underlying the importance of a continuous improvement in developing systems with a great collaboration between smart technologies, sustainability, and participatory design.

УСАДЕБНЫЙ ТУРИЗМ КАК ИНДИКАТОР ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ КУЛЬТУРНОГО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ МАЛЫХ ГОРОДОВ И СЕЛЬСКИХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЙ

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the role of manor tourism in the preservation and promotion of noble culture in the regions. In the context of modern tourism development, the article explores the importance of estates as objects of cultural heritage, their tourist potential and influence on the formation of the appearance of regions. The authors highlight the historical aspects of noble culture and consider estates as a key component of this cultural tradition. They reveal the features of estate tourism, such as the possibility of recreating the atmosphere of past eras, enriching the cultural experience of tourists and drawing attention to unique architectural and historical attractions. The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the role of manor tourism in the preservation and promotion of noble culture in the regions. In the context of modern tourism development, the article explores the importance of estates as objects of cultural heritage, their tourist potential and influence on the formation of the appearance of regions. The authors highlight the historical aspects of noble culture and consider estates as a key component of this cultural tradition. They reveal the features of estate tourism, such as the possibility of recreating the atmosphere of past eras, enriching the cultural experience of tourists and drawing attention to unique architectural and historical attractions. The article analyzes the current state of estate tourism in the regions, identifies problems and prospects for the development of this industry. Special attention is paid to the organization of tourist routes, events and programs that promote noble culture as an integral part of cultural heritage. The results of the study make it possible to identify strategic directions for the development of manor tourism, justify the need for investments in the restoration and preservation of manor complexes, as well as to form sustainable models of partnership between tourist structures, authorities and public organizations. The article is an important contribution to the study of the potential of manor tourism as an indicator of the promotion and preservation of noble culture in the regions, contributes to the formation of a sustainable tourism cluster and the development of a territorial brand. The study of the prospects for the development of estate tourism in the regions is of great importance for the preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage of the nobility. The unique estates, surrounded by picturesque parks and manor ensembles, are historical monuments that contribute to the preservation and transmission of the traditions of the last generation. It is especially important to pay attention to the development of competent strategies for the development of estate tourism, which, taking into account the specifics of each region, will make it possible to effectively use the potential of estate complexes. It is also important to promote the expansion of infrastructure and services related to estate tourism in order to attract more visitors and contribute to the economic development of regional communities. In addition, it is important not to forget about the importance of educational programs and cultural events aimed at raising awareness of noble culture and the history of estates. This will help not only to draw attention to this topic, but also to form a deep respect for the cultural heritage of the region among visitors. Thus, the article on the prospects of estate tourism in the regions is an important scientific study that contributes to the integration of cultural heritage into the modern tourism industry, as well as the maintenance and promotion of noble culture as an important part of the history and culture of the regions.

The Influence of Promotion and Service Quality on Satisfaction and Its Impact on Tourist Loyalty in Historical Tourism Objects

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether promotion and service quality influence satisfaction and Impact tourist loyalty to South Sumatra Province's historical attractions. Theoretical Framework: This unique blend of historical significance and ongoing cultural relevance holds the potential to evolve into a scheduled tourist destination and stimulate the development of a vibrant village community around the temple. Methods: This type of research is associative. The sample in this study were tourists at historical attractions in the province of South Sumatra, especially the Bala Putra Dewa Museum and Ayu Temple, which amounted to 220 people. This study uses primary data. Results and Conclusion: The study results show a significant positive effect of promotion on tourist satisfaction at historical attractions in South Sumatra Province. Service quality has a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction at historical attractions in South Sumatra Province. Promoting significantly positively affects tourist loyalty to historical tourism objects in South Sumatra Province. Research implications: The act of actively participating in museum displays and informational materials provides individuals of all ages, including both children and adults, with a pleasurable and immersive opportunity for informal education. This engagement allows people to enhance their comprehension of the cultural, traditional, or historical elements associated with a particular area. Originality/value: The Service quality has a significant positive effect on tourist loyalty to historical tourist objects in South Sumatra Province. There is a significant positive effect on satisfaction on tourist loyalty to historical tourism objects in South Sumatra Province.

The impact of push-pull motives on internal tourists’ visit and revisit intentions to Egyptian domestic destinations: the mediating role of country image

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the push motivational factors (rest & relaxation, enhancing the ego, and novelty & knowledge-seeking) and pull motivational factors (tourism facilities, environment & safety, and cultural & historical attraction) on internal tourists’ visit and revisit intentions to a domestic destination in Egypt. It also tested the mediation role of the country image in the relationship between the independent variables (push & pull motives) and the dependent variables (visit & revisit intentions). This study provides novelty for the context of travel motivation, especially in a global crisis like Corona and highlight the limited literature regarding the Arab context, especially Egypt. Data were collected using an online survey of internal tourists to test the proposed model empirically using structured questions. Structural equation model (SEM) was developed to test the research hypotheses with a sample of 349. The findings indicate that all the research hypotheses were statistically supported, except for the associations between rest-and-relaxation, tourism facilities and the internal tourists’ visit intention to a destination in Egypt.

The Art of Post Captions: Readability and User Engagement on Social Media

In addition to the significance of visual content, text characteristics serve as salient factors influencing how users react to social media posts. By extracting 9,766 Instagram posts published by destination marketers, this research investigates the interplay between the readability of post captions and destination attributes derived from pictorial content on user engagement. Grounded in the theoretical lens of processing fluency and image-text congruity, the findings revealed that vibrant spots/activities with simpler texts lead to a significantly higher engagement rate, while cultural and historical attractions that use more complex texts are unaffected. Yet, when complex texts are applied to spots that are neither vibrant nor cultural, user engagement decreases significantly. Overall, this research contributes to the interdisciplinary discourse on linguistics and psychological esthetics in destination marketing relating to computer-mediated environments. Regarding practice, the findings provide insights into the effectiveness of different levels of readability across diverse tourism marketing settings.

Identification and empowerment of capabilities and potentials in urban tourism with an approach to enhancing brand image and personality: A case study of Tabriz City

<p>This research focuses on identifying and enhancing the capabilities and potentials of urban tourism with the aim of improving the brand image and personality in Tabriz City. The research methodology, given its practical nature, is based on the analytical-survey method. The statistical population includes all city managers and experts in the tourism sector of Tabriz City. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, and the ANP and TOPSIS Fuzzy decision-making models were employed for prioritizing criteria. The results indicate that Tabriz City possesses exceptional tourism power, capacity, and potential. The examination of urban tourism capabilities and potentials in Tabriz demonstrates that its tourism capacity is particularly pronounced in the social, cultural, traditional, historical, and architectural domains. The social and cultural identity index of the city (celebrities, music) with a normalized weight of 0.0277, the presence of historical entities in the city with a normalized weight of 0.0274, the old context with traditional architecture (houses, mosques, etc.) with a normalized weight of 0.0272, great variety in souvenirs and food products with a normalized weight of 0.0271, creating a sense of belonging to a neighborhood among residents with a normalized weight of 0.0270, and special customs in the city (food styles, etc.) with a normalized weight of 0.0270 are among the most important indicators. Therefore, city managers and officials in the tourism sector of Tabriz should pay special attention to the social and cultural capacities and historical and architectural components to introduce Tabriz as a cultural and historical city at both the national and international levels. The tourism planning for Tabriz should be based on the city's cultural, architectural, and historical attractions.<strong></strong></p>

Quantitative assessment of Permian limestone geosites in the Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand

Kanchanaburi Province in western Thailand is recognized as an exceptional natural tourist destination, offering many historical attractions and recreational activities. The Sai Yok District, located within Kanchanaburi Province, is characterized by distinctive geological and geomorphological features, hosting numerous remarkable geosites and geomorphosites, including waterfalls, caves, lapiés, and scenic karst topography. These features make it an exceptional location for geotourism. Inventory and quantitative assessments were conducted on seven Permian limestone geosites, namely Mueang Sing Historical Park, Tham Krasae, Tham Lawa, Tham Dao Wadung, Nam Tok Sai Yok Noi, Nam Tok Sai Yok Yai, and Hellfire Pass. The quantitative assessment process involved evaluating the scientific value and determining the level of deterioration of the geosites. Overall, these geosites were classified as having medium scientific value, with Mueang Sing Historical Park having the highest total score, while Tham Krasae had the lowest. Six of the seven geosites are classified as having a medium risk of deterioration, except Tham Dao Wadung, which has a low risk. The assessment of the total geosite value reveals that Mueang Sing Historical Park and Tham Dao Wadung possess a positive overall geosite value. At the same time, the other five have a negative value. It is important to note that because six of these seven geosites are classified as having a medium risk of deterioration, there is a need for increased attention and protection.

The influence of sustainable leadership and sustainable performance through frugal innovation in tourist villages in Indonesia

Tourism village is one of the tourist attractions that have the potential to increase development in Indonesia tourism. Tourism village have natural, cultural and historical attractions to catch tourist’s attention. The involvement of local people, government and tourism village manager in managing village resources is needed so the tourism village can be sustainable. This research aims to know how to improve the development of village tourism through frugal innovation, sustainable leadership, and sustainable performance and how they influence and relate with each other to tourism village. This research used PLS-SEM for testing hypotheses and significance between variables amd used snowball sampling as a data collection method in this research. Based on the result of data testing, the research results show there’s positive effect between sustainable leadership and sustainable performance with frugal innovation as mediation variable. Which means that frugal innovation has be a success role of sustainable leadership to achieve sustainable performance. Therefore, the manager of village tourism can plan the village tourism’s future by leading the members in creating value to the village’s resources through frugal innovation and maintaining optimal performance.

만재 주원택의 기행가사에 나타난 서술방식과 국토의식

This paper examined the descriptive method and A consciousness of national territory in the 1990 manuscripts <Geumgangsan Scenery Song>, <Gyeongju Scenic Song>, and <Gasansanseong Scenic Song> created by Manjae Joo Won-taek in the 1960s.
 Chapter 2 examines the development method and expression technique of cruise. <Geumgangsan Scenery Song> was developed in the order of Noh Jeong-jeong such as Birobong Sangsangbong → Janggunbong → Danbalryeong → Taejobong → Okyeobong → Bokwangsa Yeongsanji → Jipseonbong → Okryudong → Baekseokdam → Cheonhwadae → Oegeumgang Guryongpo → Manmulsang → Ipseokpo → Geumgangmun → Bubuam. The expression technique used various rhetoric methods such as anthropomorphism, Uiseong method, Uitae method, exaggeration method, metaphor method, and simile method to explain the beautiful appearance of Geumgangsan Mountain. On the other hand, the added poems played a role in enhancing the excitement or creating an atmosphere by embodying the author's sensibility, which was not covered in the lyrics, as appropriate quotes and self-written poems.
 Chapter 3 examines the author's inner world and perception of reality. The sweet fact here is that the characteristics of the modern cruise lyrics revealed in the 1960s Geumsugangsan Mountain Scourge reflects the author's ancientism and retrospectiveism presented by a person with Confucian knowledge who jumped on the play culture of the time.
 Among Joo Won-taek's Geumsugangsan Mountain Scenery, travel lyrics such as “Geumgangsan Mountain Scenery Song,” “Gyeongju Mountain Scenery Song,” and “Gasansanseong Fortress Scenic Song” described the symbolism of historical attractions and the emotion of visiting them in various ways from the perspective of Confucian intellectuals.
 Therefore, it can be said that Joo Won-taek and his friends in the 1960s expressed their experiences of Pungryu and affection for the country through various rhetorical techniques and forms of Chinese poetry based on their Confucian knowledge in famous places and historical places in the country. In the end, it can be found that modern cruise lyrics of traditional field trips can be continued and enjoyed in the 1960s, and it is hoped that the discovery and introduction of new travel lyrics will serve as an opportunity for modern cruise lyrics to be re-examined.

The Caucasus of the Second Half of the 19th Century through the Eyes of a Russian Merchant: From the Travel Notes of Mikhail Konstantinovich Sidorov

The article studies a historical source that previously was not in the focus of research - travel notes of the outstanding Russian merchant of the 19th century, gold miner, and discoverer of the Northern Sea Route Mikhail Konstantinovich Sidorov, which he wrote during a trip to the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia in August – September 1878. It aims to analyze the notes, characterize their content, and reveal the information potential for further study of the processes that took place among the forming Russian bourgeoisie in the post-reform period and testifying to the interest of Russian capital in the study and economic development of the outskirts of the empire. The research relies on the intellectual history approach, which involves the study of the mentality, the emergence and subsequent transformation of various ideas and cultural orientations inherent in a particular social stratum, in this case, the Russian merchant class. The travelogue provides valuable information characterizing the methods of work of its author, who already had extensive experience in the exploration and development of ore and oil fields in Siberia and the lower reaches of the Pechora, in collecting and recording primary information about minerals located in the region, local mining and manufacturing enterprises, his range of interests and, to some extent, ideological attitudes (in particular, adherence to the ideals of the Russian Orthodox Church). The surviving notes are, first of all, a brief fixation of what was seen, necessary for subsequent comprehension and generalization in the form of articles and reports, as well as formulations of practical recommendations on the prospects for further economic development of the territories that recently became part of the Russian Empire. In addition to information about the economic capacities of the region, M. K. Sidorov’s notes reflect the author’s impressions of visiting several local towns and villages, exploring natural and historical attractions, communicating with residents of different ethnicities. As a whole, the source under consideration expands the anthology of diaries and memoirs known to date that have arisen among the Russian peasantry, contains information about the economic and socio-cultural state of the Caucasus in the second half of the 19th century, emphasizes the interest and active participation of Russian business circles in the study and economic development of the region.

CULTURE TOURISM IN GAZİANTEP AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA

This study named Culture Tourism in Gaziantep and its immediate environment, contains historical and cultural attractions that create the basis of culture tourism in Gaziantep and the presentation possibilities to the tourist with respect to gradually developing understanding of tourism. Therefore, as an alternative tourism type, culture tourism, is a kind of tourism experienced on cultural resources, and its main motivation is to see and know new places, to learn new things and the most important is that, it creates a need for gaining new experiences to participate in cultural facilities. In this study, available cultural and historical attractions in Gaziantep province in South-Eastern Anatolia region are emphasised. In this respect, historical and cultural heritage attractions, in Gaziantep province, which still continue to exist and belong to Hittite, Med, Assyria, Persian, Iskender, Seleskos, Roman, Byzantine, Islamic-Arabic and Islamic-Turkish culture are explained. Moreover, attractions are categorized under 5 different main subject areas such as historically, prehistorically, archeologically, military and religion. Later, the tourism capacity of the examination area is emphasised and in the last part of the study general suggestions on the improvement and organization of cultural tourism are given. KEY WORDS: Gaziantep, Tourism, Culture Tourism, Tourists, Attractions

Investigating the effect of Iranian studies course on increasing the motivation of Tehran International High School students to travel in Iran

Tourism is a dynamic science that drives and motivates the education of many sciences, especially humanities and cultural affairs. One of the characteristics of this industry is Iranian studies, which due to the beginning of its teaching in Tehran International School, is an attempt to investigate the effect of teaching this subject on the motivation of high school students to Iranian studies and to identify the priorities of them about travel in Iran. This research was conducted in the international and Adaptive high school of Tehran and the data collection tool was an interview form and a questionnaire. The research method is quantitative-qualitative and the results of data analysis show that Iranian and non-Iranian students were most popular in food tourism and visiting historical attractions. From their point of view, they pay attention to tangible heritage such as historical sites and museums. Intangible heritage such as food, clothing and handicrafts should be prioritized.

Desain Lanskap Taman Dipangga sebagai Taman Sejarah dan Rekreasi berbasis COVID-19

Landscape Design of Taman Dipangga as a Historical and Recreational Park based on COVID-19. Taman Dipangga is a city park with a strategic location and easy access. In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, city parks, which are part of open public spaces, should be resilient and adaptive to the current situation. Taman Dipangga, likewise, must adapt to the current situation in terms of design and amenities. As one of the cultural and historical attractions in Bandar Lampung, Taman Dipangga has the potential to become one of the favorite tourist destinations for visitors. This research aims to design Taman Dipangga by highlighting the historical aspects as well as the recreational components that are responsive to COVID-19. This qualitative research was conducted using the survey method, which included observation, interview, and literature review that refers to the design process. This research leads to the use of historical and recreational concepts in Taman Dipangga to optimize the potential of Taman Dipangga by representing it through the Krakatau Monument, the form of design, the division of space and its naming, as well as the selection of vegetation based on the condition of the location on Mount Krakatau and the surrounding area. Taman Dipangga will be more than just a recreation park; it will also be a place for education and a cultural heritage site.

"I think I saw a ghost": The potential for fright tourism in the city of João Pessoa – PB

Historic centers are plural spaces with memories of great importance to the cultural identity of a people. Besides their cultural and heritage importance, these spaces are ideal for entertainment, specifically, for the development of fright tourism, due to their dark narratives. Fright tourism can be understood as a process in which elements of local tradition are mixed with transnational aesthetics, coming from cinema, pop culture, horror, and cultural industries, promoting feelings of fear for tourists. In this context, this study aims to analyze the potential for the promotion of fright tourism, based on stories of hauntings at historical attractions in the city of João Pessoa-PB. This study is characterized as descriptive and exploratory, based on the collection of bibliographic and documentary data and a field visit. The results show that the Sólon de Lucena Park, the Santa Roza Theater and the Boa Sentença Cemetery have stories such as the ghost woman of the Lagoa, the vigilante spirit, the woman in white, the bride who walks among the tombs and the Boa Sentença employee, which permeate the popular imagination and can be used to promote fright tourism.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИЗМУ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ: ДОСВІД НІМЕЧЧИНИ

The article examines the peculiarities of the sustainable development of tourism in Germany in the modern conditions of climate change. It is noted that the country has a huge tourist attraction, which is determined by the presence of natural resources, cultural and historical attractions, developed infrastructure of traditional health resorts and modern architecture of large cities, which have all the possibilities for organizing various types of tourism. The contribution of tourism to the German economy is quite significant and is characterized by the following indicators: it ranks second in terms of revenue after mechanical engineering, creates 4% of the country's gross domestic product, and provides jobs for 6 million people. The results of a survey of tourism companies regarding their attitude to sustainable development in view of all economic challenges during the coronavirus period are presented. The organizational chart of state tourism bodies in Germany is characterized and the main responsibility for the development, formation and promotion of the country's tourism policy is indicated. The federal government has primary responsibility for the development, formulation and promotion of tourism policy. It is assisted by the Tourism Advisory Council, which brings together the interests of government, the tourism industry, academia and other stakeholders. The rating of the world's most sustainable cities was reviewed and it was determined that Munich and Frankfurt am Main are among the top ten of the rating. Hamburg and Berlin ranked 17th and 18th, respectively. This index ranks 100 cities around the world based on three criteria: social and societal factors such as mobility and quality of life, environmental factors including energy consumption, pollution and emissions, and economic performance. The analysis of the positive experience of Germany in the development of its tourism industry showed that it can be used to solve problems in the development of a similar industry in Ukraine, namely: in improving the system of state regulation of tourism, as well as in overcoming problems and improving the process of promoting tourism opportunities in Ukraine country and abroad. The further successful implementation of the principles of sustainability in the development of tourism and the need to consolidate the efforts of all stakeholders at all levels, taking into account the interests of all groups, including local communities, tourists, representatives of the tourism business, etc., were emphasized. The role of the government is undeniably important, as it is called upon to develop a strategic basis for planning the development of the tourism industry taking into account the principles of sustainability, to ensure the study of the recreational capacity of territories, to initiate the development of certification systems, indicators of sustainable development in order to monitor the consequences of tourism activities from a social, ecological and economic point of view.