Historical Assets Research Articles

Historic core of Sarajevo in the frame of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach – review of the effects on the ground

PurposeRecognisable urban fabric of Sarajevo was developed over different periods throughout history. The historic core called Bascarsija (Bašcaršija) was designated as protected area by the Regulatory plan in 1975. Establishing boundaries for the protection of the historic area triggered attitude, which expanded to embrace other architectural ensembles too and, with the decision’s final passage, even a wider area. Sarajevo is proclaimed as Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) in 2020 by the Decision of the Commission to preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper aims to evaluate effects of HUL approach applied on the case of Sarajevo, which is mostly limited to the new adjustments made to the governing of the protected areas.Design/methodology/approachReferring to the HUL Recommendation, the content of the current decision as well as its practical implications and the extent of stakeholder engagement was evaluated, and the summary of practical results, if any, three years (since 2020) after the adaptation.FindingsHUL approach applied on case of Sarajevo is currently reflected only as a Decision with limited practical effects. This paper, therefore, defined the missing tools. Also, it was possible to distinguish positive and negative effects, and limitations of the applied HUL approach reflected in practice.Originality/valueAccording to the international legislation, HUL is understood to be a comprehensive approach that covers a greater area in order to improve urban living sustainably and encourage the preservation of historic assets. Learning from the case of Sarajevo, from its consequences on the ground and limitations for successful application, this paper contributes to the understanding of the HUL approach.

THE EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES BASED ON INTERNATIONAL DOCTRINAL DOCUMENTS

The article examines the evolution of approaches to architectural heritage conservation through a detailed analysis of the principles and methods outlined in key international doctrinal documents, including the Athens Charter, the Venice Charter, UNESCO Conventions, and others. Over time, these doctrines have progressed from a focus on preserving individual monuments to addressing broader cultural landscapes, offering responses to critical contemporary issues like urbanisation, climate change, and armed conflicts that impact heritage conservation efforts. The article highlights the increasing complexity of managing heritage sites, which requires a comprehensive approach that respects their embedded social, ecological, and cultural networks. By tracing the adaptation of international heritage conservation standards, the study sheds light on evolving perceptions of both material and intangible heritage values, community roles, and the importance of protecting cultural diversity within a framework of sustainable development. This shift emphasises the need for an integrated, holistic approach to conservation, one that values both global and local heritage significance while ensuring that conservation practices align with the needs and identities of local communities. The study demonstrates how current international doctrines strive to accommodate a diverse range of values—ranging from tangible, historical assets to intangible cultural significance, from universal heritage principles to regional distinctions. This expanded approach not only preserves the historical and aesthetic dimensions of heritage but also fosters social cohesion, resilience, and cultural identity. Ultimately, the article argues for a dynamic and flexible field of heritage conservation, responsive to social and environmental changes while balancing global standards with local priorities. By embracing heritage as a living, adaptable component of society, conservation efforts can bridge the past and the future, ensuring the cultural continuity, identity, and well-being of communities in a sustainable manner. Keywords: architectural heritage, cultural landscape, sustainable development, heritage sites, cultural identity.

Using TLS, UAV, and MR Methodologies for 3D Modelling and Historical Recreation of Religious Heritage Monuments

Preserving and safeguarding the Cultural Heritage (CH) of our world from unforeseen hazards should be viewed as a collective responsibility for humanity. Consequently, there is a growing imperative for targeted measures aimed at conserving, restoring, and safeguarding historical assets that carry cultural significance. In recent times, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Photogrammetry, and applications in Mixed Reality (MR) have assumed a pivotal role in the mapping, recording, preservation, and promotion of CH. This article endeavors to present a comprehensive approach spanning from 3D surveying to the 3D representation and promotion of Religious CH, offering an overview of the applied methodologies. Through the integration of TLS and UAV Photogrammetry techniques, a comprehensive digital record of Panagia Ekatontapiliani, the adjoining Church of Agios Nikolaos, and the Baptistery, along with their wall paintings (hagiographies) and natural surroundings, has been obtained. This record serves as the foundation for historical documentation and recreation using the HBIM concept, paving the way for the development of diverse MR applications. These applications aim to enhance the visibility, accessibility, and visitability of the Monument.

Enhancing Secondary City Tourism in Thailand: Exploring Revenue Generation, Sustainable Practices, and the Role of Brand Identity

Tourism is a significant contributor to economic development, particularly in countries like Thailand, where primary cities dominate tourism revenue. However, secondary cities, despite their rich cultural, natural, and historical assets, remain underexplored. This study addresses the need to promote secondary city tourism in Thailand by exploring the key factors influencing tourist decision-making and satisfaction. Using a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative and quantitative research, the study investigates elements such as perceived value, cultural and natural attractions, and brand identity that shape tourist preferences and behaviors. Findings indicate that strategic promotion and infrastructure development in secondary cities, along with a well-defined brand identity, can enhance tourist satisfaction and revisit intentions. The research highlights the significance of regional-level attributes, suggesting that region-specific marketing strategies could play a pivotal role in promoting secondary city tourism. This study aims to provide actionable insights to stakeholders for sustainable tourism development, community revenue generation, and equitable distribution of tourism benefits across Thailand’s diverse regions.

The study on the relationship between perceived value, satisfaction, and tourist loyalty at industrial heritage sites

The legacy of industry reflects a city's journey and marks its cultural essence, highlighting the significance of preserving and promoting such historical assets. There is a noticeable gap in the discourse surrounding the intrinsic value of industrial heritage attractions and their impact on the fidelity of tourists. In light of this, the present investigation, rooted in the ABC attitude framework, examines the linkage between the perceived value, contentment, and allegiance of initial visitors to these sites. The study delves into the intermediary function of contentment and the variable influence of gender. Focusing on the Maoming Open-pit Ecological Park as a case in point, this research gathered and scrutinized 320 valid questionnaires. The outcomes demonstrate that the perceived value exerts a positive effect on both the satisfaction and the steadfastness of tourists. Satisfaction is identified as an intermediary between perceived value and tourist steadfastness. Additionally, gender plays a notable role in moderating specific aspects of the model. This inquiry aids in harnessing the potential of industrial heritage sites for the advancement of tourism, fostering economic prosperity and the rebirth of cultural practices. Furthermore, it lays down essential theoretical and practical building blocks for the evolution of industrial heritage as a tourism asset.

Augmented Reality Empowered Responsible Tourism: Leveraging Social Media Applications for Generation Z Tourists in the Yogyakarta

This research delves into the integration of augmented reality (AR) technology through Instagram filters to enhance responsible tourism practices. With a specific focus on Generation Z tourists in the Yogyakarta Special District, we recognize the importance of collective action in shaping the future of tourism. Despite the government's continuous efforts, responsible tourism implementation faces challenges, leading to cultural and environmental issues due to the increasing number of tourists. Leveraging the preferences and influence of Generation Z, this study proposes the application of AR through Instagram filters as a solution to engage and educate tourists on responsible tourism principles. The methodology involves the construction of AR system models and Instagram filter user interfaces, followed by observation and interviews with Generation Z users. The results indicate that AR filters can effectively convey information about cultural and historical assets, facilitate digital map navigation, and encourage Generation Z tourists to actively contribute to responsible tourism practices. This research underscores the significance of embracing innovative technologies to foster responsible tourism in the Yogyakarta Special District and emphasizes the collaborative nature of this endeavor, requiring the active participation of the government, tourists, and digital artists for sustainable tourism development.

Assessing the Impact of the Türkiye February 2023 Earthquakes on Cultural Heritage Sites: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach Utilizing ARIA Maps and Social Media Collaboration

Abstract. The earthquakes that occurred in our country on February 6, 2023, significantly damaged and destroyed cultural and historical assets. The Habib-i Nejjar Mosque in Antakya and other important historical sites suffered significant damage. This study provides a comprehensive account of the post-earthquake efforts carried out by volunteers from various disciplines, including archaeology, cartography, space sciences, and architecture, using social media platforms. The volunteers created an extensive database for cultural and archaeological sites in all 11 provinces that were declared disaster zones. This database made it easier to conduct a thorough evaluation of the damage. The database was augmented with surface displacement data, enabling an analysis of damage levels with the exactitude facilitated by the gathered information. The utilization of the Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) maps was pivotal in this study. The maps, created through partnerships between NASA and different space agencies, offer intricate satellite imagery and analysis of surface displacement. This is essential for evaluating the effects of earthquakes on cultural heritage sites. The utilization of ARIA maps in this study facilitated an accurate assessment of the seismic impact on cultural and historical resources. Additionally, Sentinel 1 images are used to generate displacement maps with the use of the LICSAR tool and the SBAS method. The study examined the state of about 1500 cultural heritage sites in 11 provinces in the aftermath of the earthquake. The report incorporated data from media coverage and input from relevant parties present at the scene, providing a thorough assessment of the situation following the disaster. For instance, the research revealed substantial shifts at prominent locations, like the UNESCO World Heritage site of Arslantepe in Malatya. This site experienced a displacement of over one meter towards the south and 75 cm towards the west, along with a subsidence of approximately 10 cm in the surrounding area. Furthermore, the study presented a visual representation that depicted the quantity of impaired cultural heritage sites in every province, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the impacted cultural and archaeological resources. This comprehensive strategy not only emphasized the magnitude of harm to cultural heritage but also emphasized the significance of interdisciplinary cooperation in disaster response and heritage preservation.

Historical, Architectural, and Structural Virtual Tour for Conservation and Maintenance of Architectural Heritage

ABSTRACT The Virtual Tour (VT) represents a key tool used in valorising and disseminating the historical and cultural value of built heritage. Basically, it has potential in supporting interdisciplinary technical activities associated with the historical and architectural aspects related to documentation and conservation. This paper defines the methodological lines into expanding the potentialities of the VT in the framework of a rational technical management and maintenance of historical assets from the Authorities. Thus, in addition to basic information related to historical and architectonical aspects, engineering technical data collected during the knowledge path recommended by relevant National and International codes, dealing with static and seismic performance assessment and the conceptual design of structural interventions, have been included in the VT. The designed STRAINS-VT (hiSToRical, ArchItectural aNd Structural–Virtual Tour) is conceived as a dynamic approach supporting the knowledge and monitoring of valuable assets in time, being open to updates and integration. Benefits associated with the application of the proposed STRAINS-VT have been investigated referring to a real architectural heritage building located in Abruzzi Region (Italy). Research outcomes showed that the knowledge process, which goes from the digital integrated survey and the in-situ structural characterization of materials and components to the analysis and design of structural interventions, can be profitably incorporated within the VT. Particularly, the STRAINS-VT operational framework represents an accessible and easy interpretable informative hub that support technical Authorities having in charge the conservation, maintenance, and restoration of valuable assets in the decision-making, validation, and commissioning of strengthening and maintenance works.

Analisis Penyajian dan Pengungkapan Aset Bersejarah (Studi Kasus Pada Museum Negeri Siwalima Provinsi Maluku)

This study aims to determine the disclosure and presentation of Heritage Assets according to PSAP 07 of 2010 at the Siwalima Museum, Maluku Province. The type of research used in this study is a case study research with a qualitative approach. The necessary data were obtained through interviews, observation, documentation, as well as secondary data related to this research. The results of the study show that the presentation of heritage assets is not in accordance with PASP No. 07 of 2010. They are not presented in the Notes to the Financial Statements where historical assets are supposed to be included. Instead, heritage assets are listed in the Notes to the Financial Statements in terms of units, without any corresponding values, but they are explained in the Museum Items Inventory Book.

Guidance note: Assessing historic assets that are proposed to be demolished or partially demolished

This note, authored by CARE in conjunction with the IStructE and ICE, is intended to provide clear guidance for engineers who are requested to inspect and report on historic assets.

Problematika Tata Kelola Aset Bersejarah: Studi Kasus di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

This research aims to find out the governance of historical assets in West Sumatra Province, find out how historical assets should be valued for financial statements in pursuit of good governance. And find out what obstacles and challenges are faced in realizing the governance of historical assets. This type of research is qualitative research so this research uses a combined type of data from primary data and secondary data. Data collection by means of observation, interviews and documentation. Qualitative data analysis techniques occur interactively and take place continuously until completion, so that the data becomes valid by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are Based on the results of the presentation and discussion, it can be seen that the historic assets in West Sumatra are managed by the West Sumatra Cultural Heritage Preservation Center, the West Sumatra Culture Office and the local city / district education and culture office are as follows The governance of historic assets that have been implemented by the cultural heritage preservation agency and the West Sumatra provincial government is in accordance with the theory of Good Governance.

Literature Review on Valuation and Accounting Recognition for Heritage Assets

Historic assets can also be said to be unique assets because of the diverse ways of obtaining them ranging from development, purchase, donation, inheritance, booty, or confiscation and their management and maintenance are protected by the local government (Agustini, 2011). In accordance with applicable laws the validity of a historic asset can be proven by legality to maintain the unlimited existence of historic assets. There are several valuation models for Historic Assets based on accounting standards that apply in the world, namely: Accounting Policy Act, Generally Recognized Accounting Practice (GRAP) 103, Financial Reporting Statements (FRS) 30, and Government Accounting Standards Manual (PSAP) 07 (2010). These differences arise due to the conditions and situations in each country in adopting a guideline that regulates accounting for heritage assets as well as the characteristics of heritage assets that are considered unique and diverse (Ouda, 2014). The accounting treatment for historic assets varies greatly depending on the nature of the asset and also the nature of the entity that holds it. Based on the results of the literature review conducted by the author, regarding how accounting records for heritage assets in Indonesia provide diverse results where there are heritage assets that are recorded in accordance with applicable standards and there are also heritage assets that are not in accordance with applicable accounting standards, namely PSAP 07 2010 regarding Fixed Asset Accounting. This is due to the inadequate quality of human resources who understand the assessment and accounting treatment of heritage assets and unclear policies in the treatment of heritage assets.

Urban Revitalization in Small Cities across the Atlantic Ocean

City centers and riverfronts across the Atlantic Ocean have undergone substantial transformation over the last two decades. This paper analyzes walk-only precincts and waterfront revitalization in two pairwise cases (PCs) of small city exemplars on two continents in locations at about the same latitude but separated by the Atlantic Ocean. The argument is twofold. First, to be fully effective, city center revitalization interventions need to be coordinated with appropriate institutional programs to create collaborative management opportunities among multiple civic and business agents. Second, multiple cultural offerings, environmental amenities, and pro-active leadership positionalities have contributed positively to the evolution of waterfront community economic redevelopment opportunities in riverfront locations. The methods involved multiple site visits to cities of various sizes on the Iberian Peninsula and the Northeast of the United States at different times during the last twenty years, extensive literature reviews and syntheses, data analyses, assessment of policy priorities, and interviews with employees in various economic sectors, business owners, residents, elected officials, planning professionals, and community leaders. Two of the main conclusions are that, to be fully effective, the public space interventions on the Iberian Peninsula had to be coordinated with appropriate regulatory and institutional programs to generate collaborations with multiple civic and business agents and that the Northeastern cities have attempted to revitalize their riverfronts by conserving water-based and urban historic assets and amenities from further erosion due to downpours and floods as well as socio-economic and cultural transformations.

Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics on the Mechanical Strength and Pore Structure of Air Lime Mortars with Isparta Tuff and Banahmeta Additives

The physical and chemical interactions between the lime and pozzolans in conservation mortars are fundamental to sustainable building practices. Here, we report experimental investigations on pure air lime mortar, air lime-isparta tuff mortar, and air lime-banahmeta mortar. Isparta Tuff is formed from volcanic rocks found in the Southwest between Isparta and Burdur city centres in Anatolia, belonging to the Gölcük volcanism. The microstructural and physiochemical interactions of these mixed designs were investigated. Importantly, this study quantifies critical performance parameters of air lime mortars incorporating Isparta tuff as a pozzolan. It supports using local and natural volcanic tuffs in developing sustainable mortars for the conservation of historical assets in Turkey.

Tarsus (Mersin) İlçesi ve Yakın Çevresinin Turizme Yönelik Rekreasyonel Peyzaj Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi

The study conducted an investigation into the effective utilization of Tarsus district's historical and cultural assets in Mersin province, with a focus on its tourism potential. The primary objectives were to promote the region and contribute to its economic, social, and cultural advancement. A survey was administered to gather information on dominant tourism types in Tarsus, including historical sites, cultural landmarks, local crafts, cuisine, caves, camping, wildlife, flora, gastronomy, local resources, natural attractions, and aesthetics. The results highlighted Tarsus' prominence due to its cultural heritage, historical structures, and natural wealth. Despite Tarsus's cultural diversity and tourism potential, the study revealed its current underrepresentation and various challenges, including the vulnerability of historical assets, insufficient infrastructure, and unguided utilization. The study suggests adopting a sustainable approach that balances conservation with utilization to address these issues and help Tarsus attain the recognition it rightfully deserves in the field of recreation and tourism.

Option Pricing and Portfolio Optimization under a Multi-Asset Jump-Diffusion Model with Systemic Risk

We explore a multi-asset jump-diffusion pricing model, combining a systemic risk asset with several conditionally independent ordinary assets. Our approach allows for analyzing and modeling a portfolio that integrates high-activity security, such as an exchange trading fund (ETF) tracking a major market index (e.g., S&P500), along with several low-activity securities infrequently traded on financial markets. The model retains tractability even as the number of securities increases. The proposed framework allows for constructing models with common and asset-specific jumps with normally or exponentially distributed sizes. One of the main features of the model is the possibility of estimating parameters for each asset price process individually. We present the conditional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method for fitting asset price processes to empirical data. For the case with common jumps only, we derive a closed-form solution to the conditional MLE method for ordinary assets that works even if the data are incomplete and asynchronous. Alternatively, to find risk-neutral parameters, the least-square method calibrates the model to option values. The number of parameters grows linearly in the number of assets compared to the quadratic growth through the correlation matrix, which is typical for many other multi-asset models. We delve into the properties of the proposed model, its parameter estimation using the MLE method and least-squares technique, the evaluation of VaR and CVaR metrics, the identification of optimal portfolios, and the pricing of European-style basket options. We propose a Laplace-transform-based approach to computing Value at Risk (VaR) and conditional VaR (also known as the expected shortfall) of portfolio returns. Additionally, European-style basket options written on the extreme and average stock prices or returns can be evaluated semi-analytically. For numerical demonstration, we examine a combination of the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (as a systemic risk asset) with eight ordinary assets representing diverse industries. Using historical assets and options prices, we estimate the real-world and risk-neutral parameters of the model with common jumps, construct several optimal portfolios, and evaluate various basket options with the eight assets. The results affirm the robustness and efficiency of the estimation and evaluation methodologies. Computational results are compared with Monte Carlo estimates.

Temporal and spatial patterns of traditional village distribution evolution in Xiangxi, China: identifying multidimensional influential factors and conservation significance

This study systematically investigates the spatio-temporal distribution, influential factors, and conservation significance of 413 traditional villages in Xiangxi, China. Employing methods such as ArcGIS spatial analysis, geographic statistical analysis, and historical literature review, this work meticulously delineates the intricate interplay of natural, societal, and cultural elements in shaping the evolution of village distributions. As pillars of China's rich traditional culture, these villages encapsulate profound historical, folkloric, and architectural values. Their spatial and temporal transformations are instrumental in unraveling Xiangxi’s historical and cultural tapestry, thereby informing strategic conservation efforts. The research findings are as follows: (1) from a spatial perspective, traditional villages in Xiangxi, China, exhibit an overall clustering tendency, characterized by a distribution pattern of "more in the core, fewer on the periphery, with small clusters and significant dispersion." These villages are distributed in multiple bands along ancient postal routes, the Wuling Mountains, the Xuefeng Mountains, and river basins. (2) Traditional villages in Xiangxi primarily originated prior to the Yuan Dynasty, with a predominant north–south spatial orientation. Over successive dynasties, the distribution center gradually shifted northeastward, resulting in an expansion of the spatial distribution range and a decrease in directional bias. (3) The formation and distribution evolution of traditional villages are influenced by a combination of natural factors, socio-economic factors, and historical-cultural factors. Natural factors and cultural elements influence the selection and layout of traditional village sites, while socio-economic and historical-cultural factors impact their development and evolution. In conclusion, the distribution evolution of traditional villages in Xiangxi, China, underscores the intricate interplay of diverse factors, spanning the realms of nature, society, and culture. Recognizing this complexity is essential in comprehending the historical and cultural tapestry of Xiangxi and in formulating strategies for the preservation of these invaluable cultural and historical assets. The preservation of traditional villages transcends mere heritage conservation; it represents a pivotal step towards safeguarding the multifaceted heritage of Xiangxi.

Proposal of an innovative model for fire prevention assessment in Cultural Heritage Protection. Research study in Italy

The complexity of cultural heritage has often led to the belief that fire safety regulations enacted for civil constructions could be derogated due to their invasiveness in relation to the artistic peculiarities of historical assets. In many cases, the lack of effective interventions has resulted in the loss of significant historical and architectural assets, destroyed by fires over the centuries. This research aims to reconcile the regulatory parameters of fire prevention with the fundamental principles of restoration and conservation, following a performance-based approach. Building upon the Italian regulatory framework, this study develops an integrated method that adheres to both the parameters of the “Vertical Technical Rule” on historical buildings and the conservation cases associated with them. The proposed model is the result of a multiparametric evaluation based on the intersection of 3 objectives, 7 sub-objectives, and 10 strategies, defining 70 actions based on the main objective to be pursued. The methodology was applied to two case studies in Southern Italy. The results demonstrate that it is possible to ensure fire safety while preserving the unique characteristics of historical buildings through minimally invasive interventions. Furthermore, the results, which are almost identical between the two case studies, demonstrate that the methodology is applicable to each type of protected asset, including museums or galleries, buildings for exhibitions or shows, libraries, and archives, and historical churches.

Management of Historic Assets in the Perspective of Good Corporate Governance

The purpose of this study is to find out whether Historical Asset Management is following the theory of Good Corporate Governance. The researcher chose the research location for historic assets at the Regional XI Cultural Preservation Center, which is located in Trowulan District, Mojokerto Regency. The researcher chose the Cultural Preservation Center for Region XI as the research location because it is an institution that manages historical assets and the Mojokerto district is the number one place that has historical heritage and the largest and widest Majapahit kingdom in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and conducted interviews with two informants, namely Mr. S and Mr. H. In terms of the implementation of the management reviewed from the perspective of Good Corporate Governance theory, the principles of this theory have been applied to the performance of BPK XI. In addition, the valuation, disclosure, and reporting of historic assets in BPK XI have been reported as fixed assets in the balance sheet and disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

Volunteering on Heritage at Risk sites and wellbeing: A qualitative interview study.

We explored experiences of volunteering in Heritage at Risk (HAR) projects, intended to mitigate the deterioration to historic assets, and the relationship with wellbeing. We aimed to understand the value of HAR to volunteers' wellbeing and relationships between HAR programme characteristics such as location, asset type and type of activity. We used a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample of volunteers recruited via Historic England (HE), employing Systematic Grounded Theory involving open, axial and selective coding. We interviewed 35 volunteers (18 male and 17 female) participating in 10 HAR projects. We identified six themes from the data analysis. (1) Purpose-was associated with volunteering motivations; there were some barriers to volunteering and many types of facilitators, including accessibility to local heritage sites. (2) Being-volunteers showed an appreciation and attachment to their place of residence. (3) Capacity-to learn heritage-specific skills and diversify experiences in learning new skills (life, technical and personal). (4) Sharing-community engagement, connectedness, and inclusivity captured diversity and inclusion within volunteers across age, ethnicity, ability, and gender. (5) Self-nurture-HAR volunteering created physical, psychological, and social benefits with limited risks and adverse outcomes. (6) Self-actualisation-described volunteers reflecting on their experiences. HAR volunteering was associated with positive physical, social and psychological wellbeing outcomes. The study provides an evidence base for specific wellbeing benefits of volunteeringat Heritage at Risk sites, although we could not conclude that HAR project activity was the cause of increased wellbeing. Staff from HE were involved in designing the project brief. In selecting the HAR project sites, we took advice and recommendations from HE staff across all their six regional offices.