Using TLS, UAV, and MR Methodologies for 3D Modelling and Historical Recreation of Religious Heritage Monuments

Abstract

Preserving and safeguarding the Cultural Heritage (CH) of our world from unforeseen hazards should be viewed as a collective responsibility for humanity. Consequently, there is a growing imperative for targeted measures aimed at conserving, restoring, and safeguarding historical assets that carry cultural significance. In recent times, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Photogrammetry, and applications in Mixed Reality (MR) have assumed a pivotal role in the mapping, recording, preservation, and promotion of CH. This article endeavors to present a comprehensive approach spanning from 3D surveying to the 3D representation and promotion of Religious CH, offering an overview of the applied methodologies. Through the integration of TLS and UAV Photogrammetry techniques, a comprehensive digital record of Panagia Ekatontapiliani, the adjoining Church of Agios Nikolaos, and the Baptistery, along with their wall paintings (hagiographies) and natural surroundings, has been obtained. This record serves as the foundation for historical documentation and recreation using the HBIM concept, paving the way for the development of diverse MR applications. These applications aim to enhance the visibility, accessibility, and visitability of the Monument.