Histopathological Aspects Research Articles

Synovialosarcome primitif du rein : si tout était déjà dans les urines pyéliques ?

Synovialosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor of young adults that occurs in the deep soft tissues, particularly around large joints. When it occurs in more unusual sites, it could present a significant diagnostic challenge. In this case, a 19-year-old girl was treated for a pyloric mass. A pyelic urine cytology performed simultaneously with a pyloric biopsy proved to be a significant element of orientation and perfectly concordant with the histopathological aspect of the pyelic mass after nephrectomy. We report here the first case of renal synovialosarcoma documented in pyelic urine.

La pseudotumeur fibro-osseuse des doigts : une tumeur fibroblastique/myofibroblastique liée à USP6

Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits is a benign tumour closely related to myositis ossificans. It is a rare lesion seldom reported in the literature. We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with lancinating pain in the first phalanx of the second finger of the right hand, associated with inflammation. The histopathological examination of the surgical excision biopsy of the lesion revealed a spindle-shaped proliferation within a sclerosing, hyaline, and osteoid stroma. In our observation, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology are the main elements that helped to establish the diagnosis and eliminate the various differential diagnoses, despite a non-specific histopathological aspect.

A Narrative Review of Current Knowledge on Cutaneous Melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma is a public health problem. Efforts to reduce its incidence have failed, as it continues to increase. In recent years, many risk factors have been identified. Numerous diagnostic systems exist that greatly assist in early clinical diagnosis. The histopathological aspect illustrates the grim nature of these cancers. Currently, pathogenic pathways and the tumor microclimate are key to the development of therapeutic methods. Revolutionary therapies like targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are starting to replace traditional therapeutic methods. Targeted therapy aims at a specific molecule in the pathogenic chain to block it, stopping cell growth and dissemination. The main function of immune checkpoint inhibitors is to boost cellular immunity in order to combat cancer cells. Unfortunately, these therapies have different rates of effectiveness and side effects, and cannot be applied to all patients. These shortcomings are the basis of increased incidence and mortality rates. This study covers all stages of the evolutionary sequence of melanoma. With all these data in front of us, we see the need for new research efforts directed at therapies that will bring greater benefits in terms of patient survival and prognosis, with fewer adverse effects.

Oral rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare malignant tumor mimicking an endodontic-periodontal lesion in an adult patient: a case report

BackgroundAccording to previous research, 2.8% of lesions clinically identified as endodontic pathosis were ultimately diagnosed as non-endodontic periapical lesions via histopathology, and 3.7% of these non-endodontic periapical lesions were malignant neoplasms. Rhabdomyosarcoma, a malignant tumor most commonly observed in children, is uncommon in the oral cavity.Case presentationThis is a report of a rare case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a 41-year-old female, in which the lesion was in the maxillary gingiva. The biopsy reports confirmed the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The wide excision of the tumor, free flap reconstruction, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were performed. Clinical, radiological, and histopathological and management aspects of the neoplasm were also discussed.ConclusionsThis case report aimed to create awareness that rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the differential diagnoses of periapical lesions.

Oral lymphangioma: A clinicopathological analysis of 40 cases and review of the literature

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to perform a clinicopathological analysis of oral lymphangioma cases diagnosed at a reference service in oral pathology.Materials and MethodsA total of 40 cases with reviewed and confirmed histopathological diagnoses for oral lymphangioma were included in the study.ResultsIt was found that Caucasian women represented most of the sample, with the tongue and lower lip being the most affected sites. The most frequent clinical presentation of the lesions was as an asymptomatic reddish nodule. As for morphological characteristics, there was a slight predominance of simple lymphangioma (55%). Surgical removal was the therapeutic approach adopted in most cases.ConclusionsDespite OL being rare, it is essential that dentists and other professionals recognize variations in the clinical presentation and histopathological aspects of these lesions, differentiating them from other vascular lesions, and implementing correct treatment in each case.

Evaluation of the behavioral, histopathological, and immunohistochemical effects resulting from ventriculosubcutaneous shunt obstruction in kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in rats.

Hydrocephalus is a brain disease prevalent in the pediatric population that presents complex pathophysiology and multiple etiologies. The best treatmentis still ventricular shunting. Mechanical obstruction is the most frequent complication, but the resulting pathological effects are still unknown. Evaluation and comparison of clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects in the acute phase of experimental hydrocephalus induced by kaolin, after treatment with adapted shunt, and after shunt obstruction and posterior disobstruction. Wistar rats aged 7days were used and divided into 4 groups: control group without kaolin injection (n = 6), untreated hydrocephalic group (n = 5), hydrocephalic group treated with ventriculosubcutaneous shunt (DVSC) (n = 7), and hydrocephalic group treated with shunt, posteriorly obstructed and disobstructed (n = 5). The animals were submitted to memory and spatial learning evaluation through the Morris water maze test. The rats were sacrificed at 28days of age and histological analysis of the brains was performed with luxol fast blue, in addition to immunohistochemical analysis in order to evaluate reactive astrocytosis, inflammation, neuronal labeling, and apoptotic activity. The group with shunt obstruction had worse performance in memory tests. Reactive astrocytosis was more evident in this group, as was the inflammatory response. Obstruction of the shunt results in impaired performance of behavioral tests and causes irreversible histopathological changes when compared to findings in the group with treated hydrocephalus, even after unblocking the system. The developed model is feasible and efficient in simulating the clinical context of shunt dysfunction.

Histopathological Aspects of the Influence of Babesia microti on the Placentas of Infected Female Rats.

Babesiosis is perceived mainly an animal disease; however, awareness that Babesia spp. parasites that can cause diseases in humans is increasing significantly. Babesiosis is spread by the bite of an infected tick (Ixodes spp.), but it can also be transmitted by transfusion of infected blood and from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy or childbirth. The parasites multiply in the bloodstream and destroy red blood cells. This study aimed to assess the influence of Babesia microti on the histological structure of the placenta. Histopathological material collected from pregnant rats infected with Babesia microti was used in the experiment. Microscopic images of the placentas were assessed by Mallory staining and by using methylene blue-stained semi-thin sections. In addition, FISH was used to detect parasite DNA. The presence of piroplasms in both maternal and fetal vessels was demonstrated. Babesia microti infection caused vacuolization of syncytioblasts and cytotrophoblasts, accumulation of collagen fibers in placental villi, and increased adhesion of erythrocytes to the vascular walls. These results indicate that Babesia may influence the course of pregnancy and invite further research on the mechanism of piroplasm penetration into cells.

Inflammatory breast cancer: An overview about the histo-pathological aspect and diagnosis.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer, classified as stage T4d according to the tumor-node-metastasisstaging criteria. This subtype of breast cancer is known for its rapid progression and significantly lower survival rates compared to other forms of breast cancer. Despite its distinctive clinical features outlined by the World Health Organization, the histopathological characteristics of IBC remain not fully elucidated, presenting challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. Histologically, IBC tumors often exhibit a ductal phenotype, characterized by emboli composed of pleomorphic cells with a high nuclear grade. These emboli are predominantly found in the papillary and reticular dermis of the skin overlaying the breast, suggesting a primary involvement of the lymphatic vessels. The tumor microenvironmentin IBC is a complex network involving various cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and predominantly T CD8+lymphocytes, and elements including blood vessels and extracellular matrix molecules, which play a pivotal role in the aggressive nature of IBC. A significant aspect of IBC is the frequent loss of expression of hormone receptors like estrogen and progesterone receptors, a phenomenon that is still under active investigation. Moreover, the overexpression of ERBB2/HER2 and TP53 in IBC cases is a topic of ongoing debate, with studies indicating a higher prevalence in IBC compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer. This overview seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the histopathological features and diagnostic approaches to IBC, emphasizing the critical areas that require further research.

The Sublingual Gland Flap for Oral Reconstruction: Insights From a Single Institutional Experience.

Background: Following ablative surgery, the reconstruction of oral cavity defects is essential to ensure optimal function and aesthetically acceptable outcomes. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the effectiveness and complication rates of the sublingual gland flap (SGF) in oral soft tissue reconstruction. The procedure for harvesting SGF and the strengths and limitations of the flap are discussed. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 13 patients suffering from oncological diseases who underwent soft tissue reconstruction with SGF. The patient's medical charts were evaluated based on histopathological aspects, postoperative complications, and outcomes. Reconstruction of the floor of the mouth was performed in 8 patients (61.5%) and lower gingiva in 5 patients (38.5%), respectively. Results: Complete epithelialization with closure of the defect was achieved within an average of 2 weeks. The observation period ranged from 1 to 33 months, with an average duration of 11.5 months. Partial flap necrosis and ranula occurred in one patient (7.7%). Furthermore, postoperative bleeding was observed in one patient (7.7%), and wound dehiscence and abscess formation were noted in another (7.7%). Locoregional recurrence of the cancer was observed in one case (7.7%). Conclusions: The SGF is effective for achieving successful reconstruction of small- and medium-sized defects in the lower gingiva and floor of the mouth. The complication rate is relatively low.

Resveratrol and Viscum album anticancer effect in canine mammary tumor cell lines

Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms in female intact dogs and share some biological and histopathological aspects with those in women with breast cancer, making them a good model in comparative oncology. Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in several plants, and some studies have indicated that it acts in the neoplastic process as an anticancer drug. Viscum album is a hemiparasitic plant widely used as an adjuvant treatment for cancer in some countries. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antitumor potential of resveratrol and homeopathic Viscum album together and separately using two previously characterized canine mammary tumor cell lines (UNESP-CM9 and UNESP-CM60). The cell viability test (MTT) was performed, which revealed an IC50 of 3.11 μl/100 ml for UNESP-CM9 and 2.993 μl/100 ml for UNESP-CM60 for Viscum album, and for resveratrol, the IC50 was 281.6 μM for UNESP-CM9 and 105.5 μM for UNESP-CM60. The combination of both natural compounds led to tumor cell death at a lower IC50. The cell migration assay demonstrated an increase in cell migration time with both treatments. UNESP-CM9 closed 35.66% of the wounds in the control group and 15.51% of the wounds in the viscum group, while UNESP-CM60 closed 39.46% of the wounds in the control group and 19.95% of the wounds in the viscum group and 2.41% of the wounds in the resveratrol group. Thus, these two compounds have antitumor potential, making them possible alternatives to conventional treatments.

Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of ultraviolet A1 treatment in early-stage mycosis fungoides.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas primarily involving the skin. Early-stage MF is characterised by non-specific skin lesions and non-diagnostic biopsies. While skin-focused treatments, such as PUVA and narrowband UVB (nbUVB), are the most frequently recommended treatments, the UVA1 efficacy has been researched in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of UVA1 treatment in patients with early-stage MF. The modified severity weighted assessment scale (mSWAT) was used for total skin body scoring before and after treatment. Skin punch biopsies were taken from the patients before and after treatment. UVA1 therapy was performed five times each week. This study included 26 patients with early-stage MF. The total number of UVA1 sessions varied between 15 and 34. Complete response was observed in 8 (30.8%) of 26 patients (30.8%). The median mSWAT score decreased statistically significantly from 7.1 to 2.0 after treatment (p < .001). Histopathological complete response was observed in 2 (9.5%) of 21 patients. A statistically significant decrease in dermal interstitial infiltrate was observed on histopathological examination after treatment (p = .039). Epidermal CD4/CD8 levels decreased statistically significantly higher from a median of 2.5-1.2 in the complete clinical response group after treatment (p = .043). According to our results, UVA1 treatment has an effect on early-stage MF in terms of clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry.

Caracterização molecular e patologia de isolados de campo do vírus da febre aftosa em camundongos albinos suíços

Foot-and-mouth disease is responsible for severe economic losses to the livestock industry of Pakistan. This study aimed to use Swiss albino mice as a cost-effective experimental animal model to study different immunological and histopathological aspects of FMDV instead of natural targeted species like cattle. After isolation of field isolates FMDV on BHK-21 cell line, biological titer of the virus and mice infectious dose50 was calculated. Virus was injected in 45 Swiss albino mice (group A) through intraperitoneal route. The gross, histopathological and immunopathological lesions in heart, trachea and lungs were recorded at different day's intervals. Histopathologically, the heart showed congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis of cardiac muscles. Trachea showed deciliated epithelium and lungs showed hemorrhages, bronchial edema and alveolar emphysema. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of virus in cardiac muscles, tracheal and bronchial epithelium and alveolar lumen. The findings evoked a thought that laboratory animals could be an alternative to large animals to meet budget limitations for further research on foot-and-mouth-disease.

Impact of pre-operative weight loss on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease histopathology and insulin resistance in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery: a propensity matched cross-sectional comparison.

The effect of weight loss (WL) on histopathological aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may provide further insights into the dynamics of hepatic recovery after WL. To analyze the effects of pre-operative WL on insulin resistance- and NAFLD-related histology in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) with or without pre-operative WL. A matched cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university hospital and a private clinic in Campinas, Brazil. An analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using prospectively collected databases of individuals who underwent BS and liver biopsy at either a public tertiary university hospital (with pre-operative WL) or a private clinic (without pre-operative WL). Random electronic matching by gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) was performed and two paired groups of 24 individuals each were selected. Of the 48 participants, 75% were female. The mean age was 37.4 ± 9.6. The mean BMI was 38.9 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Fibrosis was the most common histopathological abnormality (91.7%). Glucose was significantly lower in the WL group (92 ± 19.1 versus 111.8 ± 35.4 mg/dL; P = 0.02). Significantly lower frequencies of macrovesicular steatosis (58.3% versus 95.8%; P = 0.004), microvesicular steatosis (12.5% versus 87.5%; P < 0.001), and portal inflammation (50% versus 87.5%; P = 0.011) were observed in the WL group. Pre-operative WL was significantly associated with lower frequencies of macro- and mi- crovesicular steatosis, portal inflammation, and lower glycemia, indicating an association between the recent trajectory of body weight and histological aspects of NAFLD.

Epidemiological and histopathological aspects of lymphomas at Zinder National Hospital, Niger

Introduction: Lymphoma is a malignant lymphocytic hemopathy characterized by diffuse lymph node or extranodal infiltration. It occurs at all ages and poses a problem for us in terms of positive diagnosis and management. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiological and histological aspects of lymphomas at the National Hospital Zinder. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patient records collected for histopathological examination between November 2019 and December 2023. Included were patients of any age and of both sexes with their histopathological findings available. Results: Lymphomas accounted for 3.47% of all malignancies. The 40 to 60 age group was the most affected with 40.90% (n=9) of cases. The mean age was 45±20.05. The sex ratio was 1.75. Lymph node localization accounted for 68.18% (n=15) of cases. Histological examination confirmed the type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 77.27% (n=17) of cases. Phenotype B lymphoma predominates in 86.36% of cases (n=19). Our study showed that indolent lymphoma was the most common histological subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 31.82% (n=7) of cases. Hodgkin's lymphocytic depleted lymphoma was found in 13.63% (n=3) of cases. Conclusion: The analysis of these results allowed us to appreciate the extent of lymphomas and their multiple implications in our society by highlighting a high frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the region.

Clinical and Histopathological Aspects of Primary Intracranial Tumours: Case Series of 178 Patients in Yaounde

Clinical and Histopathological Aspects of Primary Intracranial Tumours: Case Series of 178 Patients in Yaounde

Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome: Microcephaly and Orofacial Anomalies.

The progressive reappearance of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections since October 2013 and its circulation in >70 countries and territories (from French Polynesia to Brazil and other countries in the Americas, with sporadic spread in Europe and the East) has long been reported as a global public health emergency. ZIKV is a virus transmitted by arthropods (arboviruses), mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV can also be transmitted to humans through mechanisms other than vector infection such as sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, and mother-to-child transmission. The latter mode of transmission can give rise to a severe clinical form called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which can result in spontaneous abortion or serious pathological alterations in the fetus such as microcephaly or neurological and orofacial anomalies. In this study, beside a succinct overview of the etiological, microbiological, and epidemiological aspects and modes of transmission of Zika virus infections, we have focused our attention on the pathogenetic and histopathological aspects in pregnancy and the pathogenetic and molecular mechanisms that can determine microcephaly, and consequently the clinical alterations, typical of the fetus and newborns, in a subject affected by CZS.

The effect of Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on tendon healing: an experimental study in rat model of achilles tendon injury.

Sildenafil Citrate has various effects on the body, including widening blood vessels, inhibiting platelet aggregation, promoting the growth of blood vessels, stimulating apoptosis and adhesion of fibroblasts, and reducing inflammation. This research aims to explore how Sildenafil Citrate affects surgically treated Achilles tendons, both in terms of tissue structure and mechanical properties. Forty-eight Wistar-albino rats weighing 350-400g were randomly divided into groups, 6 in each group, as the study group was given Sildenafil Citrate and the control group given saline, respectively. The Achilles tendon rupture model was created under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. During the entire experiment, rats were housed in eight separate cages, six of them each. The study group and control group of the first group were sacrificed at the end of 1week, and Achilles tendon samples were taken. After that, Achilles tendon samples were taken after sacrificing the second group at 14days, the third group at 21days, and the fourth group at 28days, respectively. Neovascularization, inflammation, fibrosis and fibroblastic activities of the harvested Achilles tendons were evaluated histopathologically. Biomechanically, stretching was applied to the Achilles tendons and continued until the tendon ruptured. the maximum force values at the moment of rupture were calculated. The mean maximum strength value of group T21, which was given sildenafil citrate for 21days, was 31.1 ± 4.36 N, and the mean maximum strength value of group C21, which was the control group, was 20.56 ± 6.92 N. A significant difference was observed between the groups (p: 0.008). Group T28 (45.17 ± 5.54 N) also demonstrated greater strength than group C28 (34.62 ± 3.21 N) in the comparison (p: 0.004). The study also noted significant differences between the groups in neovascularization, in the first week, 1 mild, 3 moderate and 2 prominent neovascularization was observed in group T7, in group T28, moderate neovascularization was observed in 4 specimens and prominent neovascularization was observed in 2 specimens (p: 0.001). Furthermore, the groups showed significant differences in their levels of fibrosis, inflammation and fibroblastic proliferation (p: 0.017, p: 0.036, (p: 0.035) respectively). Study has demonstrated that sildenafil citrate can enhance the biomechanical and histopathological aspects of tendon healing, resulting in a stronger tendon.

Design, Characterization and SAR Studies of Novel Bioactive Benzylideneacetophenone Derivatives as Insecticidal Agents against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Unintentional environmental effects brought on by insecticides encourage the creation of safer substitutes. A very polyphagous migrating lepidopteran pest species in Africa called S. Frugiperda causes terrible damage. In the current paper, treatment of 4-acetylphenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of NaOH afforded benzylideneacetophenones. The structure of the newly prepared compounds were proved by different spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C NMR, and elemental analysis. We looked at the association between contact with S. frugiperda and stricture reaction to examine their harmful effect. Additionally, S. frugiperda was used for testing the newly created compounds for their ability to kill insects. The majority of substances have been proven to be effective and promising. It has been found that 4-[3-(4-Methylphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]phenyl-4-methyl benzenesulfonate (4) was the most active with an LC50 =3.46 mg/L of 2nd instar larvae and LC50 =9.45 mg/L of 4th instar larvae. Moreover, some of biological and histopathological aspects of the synthesized products were investigated under laboratory conditions.

Evaluating the Effect of Lactobacillus casei FEGY 9973 and Curcumin on Experimental Giardiasis

Background and ObjectiveGiardia is a parasitic hard protozoan that causes a variety of parasitological and pathological changes in gastrointestinal epithelial cells and is resistant to a variety of disinfectants and treatments. This study used experimental animals infected with Giardia Lamblia to assess the potential therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus (Lactobacillus in yoghurt) and curcumin in comparison to one of the commonly used drugs (metronidazole).MethodsThe study included 54 Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) that ranged in weight from 80 to 100 g and were divided into six groups: The effect of the used preparations was assessed in terms of parasitological and histopathological aspects in Group I non-infected healthy control, Group II infected non-treated, Group III infected treated with metronidazole MTZ, Group IV infected treated with Lactobacillus casei, Group V infected treated with curcumin, and Group VI infected treated with, Lactobacillus bulgaricus (Lactobacillus in yoghurt). The number of G. lamblia cysts per gram of stool was counted during the parasitological examination.ResultsThe difference between the infected non-treated group and all the treated groups was statistically significant (P0.05). When compared to the infected untreated group, Lactobacillus casei and, Lactobacillus bulgaricus (Lactobacillus in yoghurt) produced a 100% reduction in G. lamblia cyst shedding, curcumin produced an 87.80% reduction in number of cysts, and metronidazole produced a 78.4% reduction in number of cysts.ConclusionOur results highlight the potentially effective therapeutic effect of different preparations of probiotics and curcumin against Giardiasis.

Pleomorphic Adenoma Review of Surgical Management with a focus on histopathological aspects

Salivary Gland Tumors arise in the Parotid gland in about 80% of cases[2, 3]. Benign parotid gland tumors account for 80% of cases [3]. Around 80 percent of all benign salivary glands’ tumors are pleomorphic adenomas, which are the most frequent salivary gland tumor overall (between 50 and 70 percent) [2-4]. Despite their benign nature, Pleomorphic Adenomas can occasionally result in benign metastases and carry the potential to evolve into malignancy [1, 5–9]. The main course of treatment is surgical excision, where the optimal extent of surgery has been an area for debate. The Pleomorphic adenoma is known for hard-to-treat multilocular recurrences, hence it is widely advocated to remove the whole or at least the superficial part of the gland with the tumor as a standard treatment to avoid recurrences based on the evidence of histological presence of pseudopods and satellite nodule but other advocate minimal intervention removing only the tumor with cuff of normal tissue around it and presenting evidence of comparable recurrence rates to traditional approach and lower complications rate compared to it. They argue that the cuff of normal tissue will include satellite nodule and pseudopod based on histological measurements. Keywords: Salivary Gland, Parotid, Parotid Gland, Pleomorphic Adenoma, Mixed Tumor, Complete Parotidectomy, Partial Parotidectomy, Superficial Parotidectomy, Lateral Parotidectomy, Extracapsular Dissection,