Epidemiological and histopathological aspects of lymphomas at Zinder National Hospital, Niger

Abstract

Introduction: Lymphoma is a malignant lymphocytic hemopathy characterized by diffuse lymph node or extranodal infiltration. It occurs at all ages and poses a problem for us in terms of positive diagnosis and management. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiological and histological aspects of lymphomas at the National Hospital Zinder. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patient records collected for histopathological examination between November 2019 and December 2023. Included were patients of any age and of both sexes with their histopathological findings available. Results: Lymphomas accounted for 3.47% of all malignancies. The 40 to 60 age group was the most affected with 40.90% (n=9) of cases. The mean age was 45±20.05. The sex ratio was 1.75. Lymph node localization accounted for 68.18% (n=15) of cases. Histological examination confirmed the type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 77.27% (n=17) of cases. Phenotype B lymphoma predominates in 86.36% of cases (n=19). Our study showed that indolent lymphoma was the most common histological subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 31.82% (n=7) of cases. Hodgkin's lymphocytic depleted lymphoma was found in 13.63% (n=3) of cases. Conclusion: The analysis of these results allowed us to appreciate the extent of lymphomas and their multiple implications in our society by highlighting a high frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the region.