Histopathological Analysis Of Biopsies Research Articles

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Cytological and Surgical Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Specimens in Association with EGFR Mutation and Overall Survival: A Single-Institution Experience.

The aim of this study was to evaluate programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and the relationship between driver mutations and survival analysis in advanced-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). A total of 122 advanced-stage NSCLC patients were included in this retrospective study. The patients were diagnosed based on cytological examination and histopathological analysis of biopsy or resection material that had undergone at least 1 molecular analysis. The expression of PD-L1 in tumors and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) was scored and compared with age, sex, organ, biopsy method, tumor subtype, driver mutation status, and overall survival data. There was no statistically significant difference between PD-L1-positivity and age, gender, location, pattern, or pathological diagnosis of the type of sample. When the threshold value for PD-L1 IHC evaluation was accepted as ≥1% and ≥50%, the rate of positivity was 19.7% and 7.4%, respectively. Since there is a wide range of positivity rates reported in the literature, we could not reach a conclusion as to whether the PD-L1-positivity rate we observed was high or low. There is a need for comparative studies where the technique, clones, threshold values, and phases are homogenized. There is an inverse correlation between the EGFR-mutant population and PD-L1 positivity. In terms of overall survival, no relationship was found between PD-L1 positivity, the presence of TIL, and EGFR mutation status.

Clinical, pathological and therapeutic findings on lingual rhabdomyosarcoma in a dog - case report

ABSTRACT The biological behaviour of the tumours vary according to the species in which they occur, its location within the cavity, clinical stage and histopathological nature. Lingual neoplasms are generally uncommon in companion animals. Rhabdomyosarcomas are malignant, solid, aggressive formations with high metastatic potential. The clinical signs are variable and a definitive diagnosis can only be reached through histopathological analysis of biopsy and necropsy specimen. In some cases, immunohistochemical study may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. This paper aims to highlight important points about this uncommon condition in dogs, using a case report of lingual rhabdomyosarcoma, which showed no evidence of metastasis after diagnosis, nor of local recurrence after surgical excision with a wide safety margin. It was concluded that early diagnosis, the correct interpretation of the complementary tests and the appropriate therapeutic approach contributed to improving the quality of life and survival of the patient in question.

New insights of Raman spectroscopy for oral clinical applications.

Oral injuries are currently diagnosed by histopathological analysis of biopsy, which is an invasive procedure and does not give immediate results. On the other hand, the Raman spectroscopy technique is a real-time and minimally invasive analytical tool with a notable diagnostic capability. At the current stage, researchers are widely aware of the diagnostic potential of the technique and how it is considered promising for providing biochemical information in real time and without damaging the tissue. The problem originates from a lack of relevant studies and clinical trials that could show the actual use of Raman spectroscopy to help patients. Our goal here is to narrow the relationship between physicists, chemists, engineers, computer scientists, and the medical community, and in fact discuss the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a novel clinical analysis method. In the present study, we focused on the use of Raman spectroscopy as a daily clinical practice. In this context, additional studies and in vivo tests should be performed with the same approach as a real application. We want to show the scientific and industrial community what is really necessary for this, starting from a clinical point of view. Using our previous experience publishing different oral pathologies and types of samples, we also aim to discuss the current state and potential of Raman spectroscopy and what is required to implement Raman spectroscopy for oral clinical applications.

Bilateral sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: An uncommon case in young female patient

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC), an advanced and uncommon form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is more likely to manifest as a unilateral condition, especially in the right kidney, in older people. Here, we report a rare case of bilateral SRCC in a young female, aged 30 years - the youngest reported case of SRCC to the best of our knowledge. The patient complained of osphyalgia and intermittent fever which recurred after symptomatic treatment. Detailed examination, including histopathological analysis of biopsies, confirmed bilateral SRCC (RCC IV) with distant metastases. The patient denied receiving any form of the treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and died approximately 6 months after the initial symptoms.

A Comprehensive Study of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Genetic Polymorphisms, its Expression in Skin and Relation to Histopathological Features in Psoriasis.

Background:Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is an important inflammatory mediator in psoriasis and several genetic polymorphisms of this cytokine have been reported. Majority of studies have focused on the increased G– A polymorphism at the –308 position in psoriasis. There has been no comprehensive study evaluating the genetic polymorphisms, TNFα expression in the skin and histopathology. We are undertaking this study to outline TNFα genetic polymorphisms, its skin expression and histopathological correlation to help determine its role at the genetic and protein level.Materials and Methods112 patients of psoriasis and 243 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. 5 ml of peripheral blood was collected to study the TNFα genetic polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Histopathological analysis of biopsies from the 112 patients were done using visual analogue scale and correlated with the findings. 61 of these cases were analyzed for TNFα expression by immunohistochemistry. The results of study were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0 statistical package program.Results:A strong association of TNFα –308 G/A polymorphism in psoriasis cases was detected. The A allele of the TNFα –308 G/A polymorphism occurs rarely in the Indian population, however there is an over representation of this allele in psoriatic patients. There was no association seen between TNFα genotype and histopathological severity of psoriasis.Conclusion:The study emphasized the central role of TNFα in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. TNFα genotyping may be helpful in identifying subjects in whom anti-TNFα therapeutic strategies may be tried.

Relationships between thermal dose and heat-induced tissue and vascular damage after thermoradiotherapy of locally advanced breast carcinoma

Twenty-four patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma were given thermoradiotherapy, and heat-induced damage to tissue and vasculature was studied in relation to thermal dose. Thermometry was performed using six to eight multi-point thermistor probes. Heat-induced damage was quantified by histopathological analysis of biopsies taken from the temperature probe locations shortly after treatment. Both tumour and normal tissue were found in the biopsies. Fraction of tissue and fraction of vessels with heat-induced damage were determined for the malignant and the normal tissue compartment separately, using stereological techniques. Clear relationships were found between these parameters and the largest thermal dose achieved in one heat fraction. The data were subjected to logit analysis, and the thermal doses (eqv. min at 43 degrees C) that caused massive necrosis in 50% of the tissue were calculated to be 116 +/- 31 for the malignant tissue compartment and 205 +/- 49 for the normal tissue compartment. Similarly, the thermal doses that caused damage to 50% of the vessels were found to be 63 +/- 34 and 144 +/- 46 for the malignant and the normal tissue compartment, respectively. Thus, the tumour tissue was more sensitive to heat than was the surrounding normal tissue, irrespective of whether necrosis or vessel damage was considered. This was probably a consequence of physiological and vascular differences between the two tissue compartments. Evidence for primary and secondary cell death was found both in the malignant and the normal tissue, although primary cell death probably was of minor importance in the normal tissue. The data indicate that selective heat-inactivation of tumour tissue is possible by external microwave hyperthermia of locally advanced breast carcinoma.