Abstract
ABSTRACT The biological behaviour of the tumours vary according to the species in which they occur, its location within the cavity, clinical stage and histopathological nature. Lingual neoplasms are generally uncommon in companion animals. Rhabdomyosarcomas are malignant, solid, aggressive formations with high metastatic potential. The clinical signs are variable and a definitive diagnosis can only be reached through histopathological analysis of biopsy and necropsy specimen. In some cases, immunohistochemical study may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. This paper aims to highlight important points about this uncommon condition in dogs, using a case report of lingual rhabdomyosarcoma, which showed no evidence of metastasis after diagnosis, nor of local recurrence after surgical excision with a wide safety margin. It was concluded that early diagnosis, the correct interpretation of the complementary tests and the appropriate therapeutic approach contributed to improving the quality of life and survival of the patient in question.
Highlights
Tumours of the tongue are uncommon in small animals, corresponding to only 4% of all oral andThe diagnosis of oral tumours is based on the overview, clinical history, symptoms and physical examination of the patient and cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (Brockus andMyers, 2004; Chapman et al, 2008)
Tumours of the tongue are uncommon in cats and dogs (Lascelles et al, 1998; Brockus and Myers, 2004; Daleck et al, 2007); which can make it difficult to define some of its parameters such as incidence, aetiology, biological behaviour, breed and sex predisposition, as well as treatment options and prognosis of affected animals (Dias et al, 2013)
Rare in the oral cavity (Lascelles et al, 1998; Chapman et al, 2008; Murakami et al, 2010; Gandi and Vivekanand, 2012; Kimura et al, 2013), rhabdomyosarcomas are more commonly reported in dogs than in cats, horses or cattle (Chapman et al, 2008)
Summary
The diagnosis of oral tumours is based on the overview, clinical history, symptoms and physical examination of the patient and cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for lingual neoplasms with the aim of eliminating the affected tissue while preserving oral function and aesthetics (Dias et al, 2013). In spite of the age of the animal, the prognosis for patients affected by rhabdomyosarcoma depends on its location on the tongue, time of progression, clinical stage and recurrence (Daleck et al, 2007; Nakaichi et al, 2007). The aim of this paper was to report a rare case of canine lingual rhabdomyosarcoma; to emphasize its clinical characteristics, diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as to stress the importance of periodical inspection of the oral cavity of animals, as early therapeutic intervention can provide better quality of life and greater life expectancy to patients
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