Hisar District Research Articles

A Descriptive Study on the Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Sociodemographic Factors among Pregnant Females Attending Primary Health Center in Hisar District, Haryana

Context: Anemia is one of the major public health issues in the world. India carries the highest burden of disease, especially in pregnant and lactating mothers. The predisposing factors include grand multiparity, low socioeconomic status, living conditions, diet, maternal infection, late prenatal care affecting the maternal and neonatal health. It has detrimental effects on maternal and child health. Aim and Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anemia among pregnant females attending the Primary Health Centre, Agroha and to determine sociodemographic risk factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 pregnant females of rural background visiting Primary Health Center of District Hisar. Materials and Methods: All the data comprising of sociodemographic profile was gathered using a predesigned and pretested pro forma. Socioeconomic status was evaluated using the Modified B.G. Prasad Scale. Hemoglobin estimation was done using Sahli’s acid hematin method. The cutoff for Hb level was taken from standard guidelines. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were first entered in Microsoft Excel 10 and then was further exported to the PASW Statistics for Windows version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago). Association between two or more variables was determined by the Chi-square test and Fisher’s test. Degree of relationship among variables was determined by correlation coefficient. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia came out to be 70% among pregnant females, out of which 37.4% were mild anemic followed by 31.9% as moderate and 0.7 as severe anemic. Conclusions: This study showed that although preventable, anemia is still prevalent in our society it remains a major risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality.

PURPOSE AND EXTENT OF USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA BY STUDENTS

Social media is most modernistic form of media and acquire many features and characteristics. It have many facilities on same channel like as texting, communicating, images sharing, audio and video sharing, fast publishing, gaming, blogging, linking with all over world, direct connecting. Survey type research was conducted through the questionnaire. Locale of the study was in Hisar district of Haryana state. For the present investigation two private and two governments higher secondary schools (i.e. four schools) were selected from both the areas. Thus total sample comprised of 160 students were selected randomly. A well-structured interview schedule was developed for the data collection and data were quantified and interpreted by using suitable statistical tools to draw meaningful inference. Results highlighted that students keep themselves updates with latest know and how through newspaper, television, mobile phones, and mobile with internet connections. Majority of the students were aware and utilizing social media such as facebook, whatsapp, youtube, messenger and wikipedia etc. and most preferred application from online shopping was amazon and flipkart. They were generally spent more than two hours on social media irrespective of their locale.

Perception of Farm Households on the Impact of Migration of Rural Youths

The study was conducted in the Bhiwani and Hisar districts of Haryana with a sample size of 96 respondents, selected from sixteen villages from four blocks. The data were collected through a personal interview technique using a well-structured interview schedule. The results revealed that advanced academic opportunities, better standard of living, lack of recognition of youths, and insufficient earnings from agriculture were the major encouragement factors for the migration of rural youths. In terms of perceived impact, the study concluded that migration of rural youth had both positive and negative impacts concerning agriculture. While migration increased investment in agriculture, farm mechanization, and crop diversity, it also led to greying and feminization of agriculture by leaving farm operations dependent on elderly and female members of households. The study will allow the policymakers to understand the major factors behind the migration of rural youths and initiate policies to reverse this trend.

First Molecular Confirmed Outbreak of Malignant Ovine Theileriosis in Sheep from North India.

Malignant ovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease of sheep and goats, caused by protozoan Theileria lestoquardi. The disease has serious economic implications for small ruminant production around the world. An outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis in a sheep flock was investigated from Hisar district of Haryana, India, in March 2022. The etiological agent was identified using polymerase chain reaction assay with genus specific primers targeting 18S rRNA gene and subsequently confirmed by sequencing. The morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate reported in the outbreak were 22.2, 18.8 and 85%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis clustered the present study T. lestoquardi isolate in the same clade with T. lestoquardi from Iraq, Iran and Pakistan with maximum nucleotide identity of 99.37% with strains from Iraq. The tick vector Hyalomma anatolicum recovered from dead animals was implicated in the disease's transmission. Malignant ovine theileriosis resulted in high case fatality rate. This study presents the first molecularly confirmed outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis outbreak in the North Indian region, with characteristic post-mortem findings.

Analysis of unit level models for small area estimation in crop statistics assisted with satellite auxiliary information

Crop statistics for a small area, such as the community development block, are an increasingly important topic in agricultural statistics. Under normality assumptions, the classic Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (EBLUP) technique is effective for predicting small area means, however the Small Area Estimation (SAE) model can be heavily affected by the incidence of outliers or deviations from the expected distribution. The purpose of this study was to estimate variance, predict block-level wheat crop yield in the Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana by classical SAE method and a robust random-effect predictor using a slight generalization of Huber’s Proposal 2. In the case of Sirsa district, the results of classical and robust unit level SAE were very close, but not in the case of Hisar district. This could be due to the influential observation found in the Hisar data set. More accurate EBLUP wheat yield estimates are obtained when the Huber-type M-estimation method is initialized by the least square regression estimator.

Impact of smallholder cattle farms on the environment: a study.

With increasing evidence of global warming, the pressure is building to limit greenhouse gas emission from many human activities including dairy production systems. In this context, the present study was conducted to estimate the carbon footprint (CF) of cattle milk produced in the Hisar district of Haryana, India. The data about feeding practices, crops grown, manure management systems, etc. was collected through personal interviews with cattle-rearing rural male farmers chosen through multistep random sampling. The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was adopted to estimate carbon footprint, with the system boundary being "Cradle to farm gate." The latest methodologies prescribed by the IPCC were used to estimate GHG emissions using the tier-2 approach. The current study has presented a detailed and recent GHG inventory from smallholder cattle farms at the village level. On the basis of the inventory analysis, a simplified life cycle-based analysis is used in order to quantify the carbon footprint of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). The carbon footprint of cattle milk was estimated at 2.13 kg CO2-eq/kilogram FPCM. Enteric fermentation was the most potent contributor to GHG, contributing around 35.5% of the total emissions, followed by manure management (13.8%) and soil management (8.2%). Further studies to accurately estimate carbon footprint are advocated besides suggesting ways to reduce GHG emissions and using efficient production technologies.

Cultural Problems of Elderly Women in Rural and Urban Areas of Nuh and Hisar District of Haryana, India

Ageism can be very detrimental for the old age groups. The study was conducted on the bases of cultural zone Hisar from Bagar and Nuh from Ahirwati. This is descriptory as well as exploratory type of study which is designed to get specific required information on cultural problems faced by them. Sample for this study has been collected data from urban and rural areas of each district was taken to make a total sample size of 256 old aged women respondents.The objectives of the study is to know the level of Cultural problems areas related to new generation of the elderly women along with socio economic factors associated with cultural problems. Most of the elderly women (45.70%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ that the changing dress pattern was a threat for preservation of culture followed by ‘neutral’ (34.00%) and ‘disagree’ (20.30). Most of the elderly women (47.70%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (47.70%) that fast food replaced the home made and simple food. Most of the elderly women (49.60%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (49.60%) that girls should not be allowed to stay in hostels followed by ‘neutral’ (35.20%) and ‘disagree’ (23.80). Most of the elderly women (43.80%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (43.80%) that inter caste was marriage perceived as cultural diffusion. The cultural problems among the elderly women were found significantly (P ≤0.01, Z = 4.58) higher in rural area (49.68). To sustain dignity of old women awards should be instituted for the women who are serving to the best of their in-laws by the village panchayat /local bodies.. Most of the elderly women with age group ‘60-70 years’ (47.7%) in rural areas were found significantly associated with the cultural problems with a chi square statistic c2 = 13.80 at a = 0.01 level.

Literacy Rate of Scheduled Caste Population: A Geographical Analysis of Hisar District (1991-2011)

Literacy Rate of Scheduled Caste Population: A Geographical Analysis of Hisar District (1991-2011)

A Comparative Study on Women’s Quality of Life among High School Girls and College Girls

Adolescence is the time of transition from childhood dependence to early adulthood freedom and responsibility. The general well-being of people and society is known as quality of life (QOL), which describes both the bad and positive aspects of existence. It tracks various factors that affect life happiness, such as physical health, family, education, employment, wealth, religious convictions, finances, and the environment. The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. The sample of study included 30 respondents were school girls and 30 respondents were college girls from Hisar district, thus total sample comprised of 60 respondents. Women’s Quality of Life questionnaire developed by Gehlert et al. (2006) was used to assess the quality of life of high school girls and college girls. The results of study revealed that most of respondents had moderate level of women’s quality of life. There were significant differences in women’s quality of life among high school girls and college girls. High school girls had significantly greater women’s quality of life as compared to college girls.

A Comparative Study to Examine the Quality of Life among Married Working and Non-Working Women

Quality of life (QOL) refers to the subjective well-being of the individual or society that consists of various positive and negative aspects of life. As believed that job is the most influential factor in enhancing the quality of life, however working women face various problems because of dual responsibilities. Similarly, homemakers have to take care of their homes and children as well so it is very difficult to state which group has a better quality of life. The present study was planned to solve this controversy and to compare the quality of life of working and non-working women. The sample for the current investigation consists of 40 women (20 working and 20 non-working) in the age range of 20-40 years. Data collection was done in Hisar district of Haryana state using quality of life questionnaire developed by Gehlert et al. (2006). Data was analysed using SPSS 28 version by applying appropriate statistical tests. Findings of the study revealed that significant differences existed in quality of life of working and non-working women. Working women were found on the better side in all the aspects of quality of life except in the case of social health aspect the mean score of non-working women was found higher than working. Age, number of years in marriage, number of children, working hours, domestic help, mass media exposure, family size and income were found contributing factors toward quality of life among women.

Comparative carbon footprints of buffalo milk produced at smallholder and organised farms in Hisar district of Haryana, India

The present study was conducted to compare the carbon footprint of milk produced in 75 smallholder farms and two organised buffalo farms in Hisar district of Haryana using Life Cycle Assessment approach. Primary data was collected from farmers and farm managers for the study. Functional unit was one litre of milk with system boundary being ‘Cradle-to-farm gate’. Methodology prescribed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was used for estimation of emissions from different sources. Secondary data was also relied upon for synthetic fertilizers and seeds, combustion of fossil fuel, production of concentrates and dry fodders. The average carbon footprint of milk produced in rural smallholder and organised farms were 3.54 and 4.53 kg CO₂-eq./L milk, respectively, indicating superiority of village level production systems. Methane from enteric fermentation was estimated to be contributing nearly half of the total greenhouse gas emissions. It is suggested that rural smallholder production systems should be favoured over organised ones given the lower greenhouse gas emissions.

The Burden of Hypertension and Prehypertension in a Community Health Centre of Haryana.

Background Hypertension (HTN) is endemic in India and it is considered a public health challenge in both economically developed and developing nations.Unfortunately,despite its high prevalence, its awareness, treatment,and control status arelow in urban as well as rural Indian populations. Objectives To determine the burden of hypertension and prehypertensionin a Community Health Center (CHC)and to find the associationof hypertensionwith the agegroupand sexofstudy subjects. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out among 713 patients of age 20 years and above attendingtheOut Patient Department (OPD)of the Community Health Centre (CHC),Barwalain the Hisardistrict of Haryana.JNC 7 classification of blood pressure was usedto diagnose hypertension.The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Appropriate statistical tests were used. Result Out ofthetotal patientsenrolled, 200(28.1%)were found to be hypertensives. The burden of prehypertension was further observed to be 28.1%. About (61.6%) of OPD patients were female. Among hypertensive patients, nearly half(48.8%) were in the age group of 60-80 years whereas the majority of the hypertensives(56%) werefemales. Conclusion In our study,more than 50 percentof OPD patients were found to have hypertension and pre-hypertension. Health-seekingbehaviorwas more among females.

Natural Radionuclides in Surface Soil and Quantification of Associated Radiological Hazards in Fatehabad and Hisar districts, Haryana, India

Natural Radionuclides in Surface Soil and Quantification of Associated Radiological Hazards in Fatehabad and Hisar districts, Haryana, India

Economic Analysis and Resource Use Efficiency of Cotton Production in Haryana

The study was conducted on the economic analysis of cotton crop and its returns in two districts viz. Sirsa and Hisar of Haryana selected purposely having the highest area. The collected data was used to calculate the cost and returns and resource use efficiency of cotton crop in Haryana. The cost benefit ratio for the study area came out as 1:1.22, 1:1.04 and 1:1.13 Sirsa, Hisar and overall, respectively. The findings concluded that resource use efficiency of the cotton farms is showing decreasing returns to scale in both Sirsa (0.419) and Hisar (0.413) districts, which means that there is no scope for improvement in the yield of cotton and there is over-utilization of the resources for the cotton cultivation in Haryana.

Comparative analysis of soil toxicity and microbial content in organic vs conventional farming fields

After attaining self sufficiency in food grain production with the help of advancement in agriculture, in recent time awareness has increased regarding ill-effects of this advancement. Organic farming is seen as a practice to get rid of chemicals that evolved during green revoluion in the name of fertilizers and pesticides. A comparative analysis of parameters like heavy metal, phenol and microbial content of soil samples collected for conventional farming from farmer field of Kharad village and for organic farming from Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU) research farm in Hisar district Haryana, India was done. The results proved that Organic farming substantially reduces toxicity of heavy metals and keep the concentration of heavy metals in check. Also overall population of microbes is very well sustained in organic farming not only in numbers term but also in diversity. So it can be suggested from the study that organic farming practice is a sustainable way to preserve healthy soil environment.

Intergenerational Social Mobility among Scheduled Caste Families in Haryana

To explore the intergenerational social mobility among scheduled caste families in Hisar district of Haryana state, the study was conducted in the year 2020 with 200 respondents. The results revealed that there has been a significant improvement in the educational qualifications of subsequent generations. Similarly, the occupation distribution of successive generations showed a decreasing proportion of individuals engaged in farm labour and livestock, while an increasing proportion of individuals engaged in non-farm labor, private service, and business. There is a shift in the occupational class distribution of consecutive generations. A strong and positive correlation was found between occupational mobility and factors such as family size, family income, and livelihood status. On the other hand, educational mobility was positively correlated with family size, family income, education status, and information source utilization, but negatively correlated with age. Additionally, social mobility is negatively correlated with livelihood status.

A Study on Behaviour of Arrivals and Prices of Cotton in Different Markets of Haryana

The goal of the current study was to examine the growth, seasonal variation, and volatility of cotton prices and arrivals in a few key cotton markets in Haryana. The monthly data on cotton arrivals and prices were gathered from 2005–2006 through to 2021–2022. The study employed the Compound Growth Rate, Moving Average technique, and Coeffi cient of Variation measure. The results revealed that cotton prices in the selected markets were found on the increasing side which ranged from 7.13 to 8.01. Among the three districts the maximum growth rate of cotton prices was recorded in Adampur (8.01%) followed by Uklana (7.95%) of Hisar district and minimum growth rate of cotton prices was recorded in Uchana (7.13%) of Jind district. Results of a seasonal analysis revealed that cotton arrivals in the targeted markets were higher during the peak period of months from October to January and showed decreasing trend during the subsequent months from February to May. (Lean period). The Coeffi cient of Fluctuation ranged from 1.11 to 20.97% in the selected cotton markets, demonstrating the presence of not signifi cantly increased volatility during the study period, although the intra-year prices in those markets remained nearly stable with less than 10% of variation. Through stock management and the use of risk management techniques like crop insurance, futures markets, etc., the increased volatility can be reduced. Farmers should sell their cotton in lean period to get better price of cotton.

Comparison of Menstrual Distress in Adolescent Girls Across Residential Area

Menstruation is an important indicator of reproductive health and development. In spite of a biological fact, menstrual distress is rooted in psychological and socio-cultural realities of the life of adolescent girls and women. The purpose of this study was to better understand the challenges girls face due to menstruation in the form of menstrual distress adolescent girls in Haryana State. The study was conducted on 240 adolescent girls in the age group of 10-14years and 15-19 years belonging to rural and urban areas of Hisar district. The study found that more than one fourth adolescent girls irrespective of area of residence reported higher physical distress and socially imposed impurity and restriction distress. Rural girls were more distressed than urban counterparts. Regarding facilities at school in terms of MHM, girls reported lack of proper disposal system for sanitary materials and lack of availability of changing rooms. Nearly half of respondents reported lack of open discussion from family on MHM issues. Results indicated that menstrual experiences were very painful and made adolescent girls distressed both at physiological and psychological levels. Rural adolescents had higher distress in all the aspects as compared to urban adolescents except positivity on womanhood.

Knowledge and Practices Regarding Menstruation Hygiene Management Among School Going Adolescents

Adolescence is a crucial time for girls to prepare for and adjust to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to better understand the challenges girls face due to menstruation in the form of socio-cultural norms and its impact on self-esteem. The study was conducted on 240 adolescent girls in the age group of 10-14years and 15-19 years belonging to rural and urban areas of Hisar district. Self- developed schedules were used to delineate personal, socio-personal variables, MHM status in terms of knowledge, attitude and practices, socio-cultural norms concerning menstruation and facilities at school and home in terms of MHM. Self-esteem of adolescent girls was assessed by using State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) developed by Heatherton and Polivy (1991). Results, illustrate that knowledge, attitude and practice level of respondents was signifi cantly associated with personal and socio-economic variables i.e. age, class, area of residence, mother education and father occupation. Majority of respondents of rural background were unsatisfi ed with the family communication and guidance on MHM they received at homes. Regarding facilities at school in terms of MHM more than 1/4th rural adolescents agreed that there was lack of separate and clean latrines with doors, lack of soap and wash material, lack of changing room to manage periods at school, lack of sanitary material and lack of guidance on MHM. Approximately one- third of girls irrespective of area of residence reported dissatisfaction with home facilities with regard to MHM

Assessment of RO water, public supply and tubewell systems in rural and urban locations of Hisar district with reference to WHO and BIS standards

The present study was conducted to ascertain the quality of freshwater systems (RO treated, supply and tube well) in the rural and urban location of Hisar (29° 9' 6.6996'' N and 75° 43' 16.0428'' E), India with reference to drinking water quality standards recommended by BIS, India and WHO. Water samples were collected from selected rural and urban sites located in Hisar, India and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters including TDS, pH, TH,HCO3- , Cl- , Ca2+and heavy metals such as Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Cd, In, Tl and Pb during the summer season of the year 2021.The collection and analysis of water samples were carried out following the standard protocols recommended by BIS, New Delhi, India. The obtained results were compared with BIS and WHO standards to check whether the levels of quality parameters are within the safe limits for drinking purposes or need any special attention with reference to health of the natives. The detailed trends of variation in the concentration levels of various parameters have been shown and discussed in this study.