Hilla City Research Articles

Antibacterial activity of Metal nanoparticles produced by Streptomyces spp. Isolated from soil samples

Twenty-five soil samples were collected from Hilla city. (10) Actinomyctes isolates were isolated. Five Streptomyces spp. Late was diagnosed. Isolates positive for a gram and having grey Aerial Mycelium and yellow-green Substrate mycelium on yeast-malt extract medium. All Streptomyces spp. olates d for nanoparticles production. Streptomyces spp.2 was able for producing of omyces spp.2 was, grey aerial, yellow-green substrate mycelium, unable for in producing, having the ability for using glucose, sucrose, mannitol, negative for fructose and mannose, negative for indole, and vogas Proskauer, positive for methyl red test and citrate utilization, negative for catalase and urea test. UV spectrum for ZnO particles showed maximum absorption at 418 nm. FT-IR spectrum for ZnO nanoparticles represented absorption peak at 3425.58 cm-1 is O-H group, 2360.87 cm-1 is CΞC , 1678.07 cm-1 is C=O group, 1388.75 cm-1 is C-H group,1089,78 cm-1 is C-O bending, 1006.84 cm-1 is C-O stretching,615.36 cm-1 is C-H, and 545.86 cm-1 is C-cl stretching. SEM shows the ability of Streptomyces spp.2 for spherical ZnO nanoparticles synthesizing with size (78.96) nm. Streptomyces spp.2 ZnO nanoparticles were having a great effect on E.coli, with inhibition zone (20 mm) and (15,18) mm against S.aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia.

Using solar collector unit in a methanol-water vapor absorption cooling system under iraqi environmental conditions

Testing, designing and fabricating a friendly vapor absorption cooling system was the main purpose of the present study using water and methanol as a working fluid. Various Iraqi environmental conditions (Hilla City) are the operating conditions under which the test rig experiment was performed. The temperature of the heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator, is the involved property in the test calculations. The system is tested during June and July 2019. The results show that the COP of the absorption cooling system ranged from 0.22 to 0.38 while the range of temperature drop in evaporator is (9.8 °C–15.8 °C). Condensation and absorption temperatures are under 45 °C while the maximum temperature of the driving water was 85 °C. The results also show that the generator temperature had a great effect on the system performance.

The Effect of the Spatial Organization Characteristics in Reducing the Crime in Al-Hila City

"The present work is about an organized crime which is considered a serious phenomenon that generally comes upon the world and especially in the Iraqi area. In recent decades, Al- Hilla City has suffered from spread variety of crimes, which lead the citizens to lack the sense of security. For this reason, it is seen it is significant to study this phenomenon with a new parallel phenomenon which causes their appearance. In addition, it is thought that this topic has not been tackled yet. The problem of the study lies in the lack of holistic scientific knowledge about the role of the synthetic properties of spatial organization for the city of Al- Hilla in crime growing. The study aims at establishing a holistic knowledge of that role. To deal with the problem of the research, an inductive approach (descriptive- analytical) has been adopted. The data is got from the responsible security institutions and is analyzed through invest the calculation method (space syntax). The results of the research showed that there are four areas ((4 zones) where crime is concentrated in the city and the growth of crime is related to the change of the synthetic characteristics of spatial organization (Connectivity, control, and Integration) of urban space. On the other hand, the diversity of crime in urban areas is related to other parallel phenomena and not to the structural characteristics of urban space."

Evaluation of Some Visual Pollution Indicators in the Physical Environment of Al-Hilla City

"The physical environment of Al-Hilla city is subject to successive developments due to changes in various economic, technological and humanitarian aspects. These changes are accompanied by the physical appearance of the phenomenon of “visual pollution”, which results from the imbalance in the visual performance of the components of the physical environment of the city, causing the sense of psychological discomfort and loss of belonging to the surrounding environment and its aesthetic is almost nonexistent. The objective of this research is to evaluate the state of the visual components of the physical environment of Al-Hilla city, through an analytical field study of the visual impact indicators of the state of the physical environment of Al-Hilla city, and comparing it with the visual performance standards, to determine the defect and gap. For research purposes, the field study was conducted for the most important street in the city center, which is Imam Ali Street, on the basis of which the visual pollution ranges were determined, and therefore the recommendation of making the right decisions (whether at the level of implementation or field monitoring) is necessary in order to reduce or mitigate the phenomenon of visual pollution) to improve the visual performance of the street in particular, and the physical environment of Hilla city in general."

Detect of Phylogenetic Relationships by RAPD_PCR among Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Sources in Hilla City

Staphylococcus aureus (brilliant staphylococcus) is a Gram-positive, cocci – shape, it is an individual from the typical verdure of the body, oftentimes found in the nose, respiratory tract, and on the skin. Usually positive for catalase and nitrate decrease. We can portrayed S. aureus strains that are across the board in houspitals in Hilla city,60 clinical and condition tests were gathered from numerous parts of patients like injuries, skin , nails and urinary tract disease taken from general doctor’s facilities of Hilla city. Strategies for segregation and distinguishing S. aureus dependent on culture strategies with biochemical tests, A sum of 17 enhanced DNA sections from 250 to 1K base match) were watched utilizing the 2 ground works, and every one of preliminary that fruitful giving intensification groups uncovered distinctive hereditary example . End: RAPD-Polymerase Chain Reaction investigation it used to discover an incentive in structuring an assortment of sub-atomic DNA unique finger impression dependent on epidemiological examinations that centers around the recognizable proof and portrayal of S. aureus.

Detect of Phylogenetic Relationships by RAPD_PCR among Staphylococcusaureus Isolated from Different Sources in Hilla City

Detect of Phylogenetic Relationships by RAPD_PCR among Staphylococcusaureus Isolated from Different Sources in Hilla City

Knowledge and Attitudes of Women Toward Breast Self-Examination in Hilla City: Application Health Belief Model

Background: Breast cancer in all parts of the world begins to be seen at about 20 years of age. Afterward, age specific incidence steadily rises until the menopause when geographic differences begin to be seen. In the developing world, a flattening and then a decline occur about 10–15 years after the menopause. In developed countries, the age specific incidence accelerates after the menopause, and at age 70 and above doubles that seen at 45–49 years old. Methodology: A descriptive design study was accomplished at teaching hospitals in Babylon province. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the women toward the breast self- examination by the application health belief model from 25th November/ 2018 to 13th June/ 2019. A non-probability “convenient sample” of (250) women were selected from outpatients of the main teaching hospitals of the hilla city. The researcher selected 10% from the number of visitors prior to the month of data collection from each of the three hospitals. Results: The results of the present study show that the demonstrates the distribution of women according to their knowledge about breast self-examination items. With regard to their knowledge reported (Do not know) that puberty as the age of initiation of BSE, it should be done monthly and it should be done five days after menses (59.1%),(61.6%),(70.8%) respectively. Item (1) only reported fair assessment. Conclusions:. Study focuses on clarifying the knowledge and attitudes of women regarding breast self examination according to health belief model in hilla city hospitals.

The Role of Fractional CO2 Laser in Treatment of Keloid and Hypertrophic Scar used Alone and in Combination with Intralesional Steroids

Background: The hypertrophic and keloid scars are thick , raised, disfiguring areas of skin with abnormal prolonged inflammatory response of wound healing process and overproduction of collagen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been used in the treatment of hypertrophic scar and keloids for more than 20 years. Aim of Study: To evaluate the effect of (CO2) laser in treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scar with use of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (kenacort) 40 mg/ml as adjuvant therapy. Methodology: The study was done on 22 patients in Imam al-Sadiq teaching hospital in Hilla city with dividing the patients randomly in to two groups ,one group treated with four sessions of intralesional corticosteroids and the second group treated with four sessions of intralesional corticosteroids with carbon dioxide laser.

Assessment of Referral System Quality from Clients’ Perspectives at Outpatient Consultancy Clinics in Al-Hilla City Hospitals

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the referral system quality from clients’ perspectives at outpatient consultancy clinics in al-Hilla city hospitals. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive analytic study design was carried out at outpatient consultancy clinics of Al- Hilla city hospital (Al-Hilla and Al-Imam Al-Sadiq general teaching hospital) from March 14 th to December 12 th 2019. Non – probability (purposive) sample of 200 clients who were coming to the Outpatient Consultancy Clinics were selected. Data is collected through used of an assessment tools and interview technique with (19) items of questionnaire. Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of Alpha Cronbach approach and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. The analysis of the data was used descriptive statistics frequencies, percentages, mean, mean of score, cut off point, Chi square. In order to assess the referral system quality from clients’ perspectives. Results: The findings of the present study reveal that overall assessment of the referral system quality is poor, grand mean of referral system services from clients’ perspectives are fair, majority reason for referring is lack of specialty(51%), and finally; medical diseases unit is most referred clients to it(24%). . Conclusion: The study concluded that poor referral system quality for clients at outpatient consultancy clinics in Al-Hilla city hospitals.

Estimation of Vitamin D Levels in Women with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (with and without Diabetes)

Objective: Vitamin D is a an important vitamin which is effect on several system of human body, in this study we determination serum levels of vitamin D in women patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and investigation the relation between vitamin D and diabetes on CTS patients. Materials and Method: Subjects of this study enrolled 53 women (33 patients and 20 control), their aged range between (30-50) year. The patients were selected from attendee of out- patient Neurology clinic of Al- Imam Sadiq teaching Hospital, Hilla city, Iraq, in the period from December 2018 to April 2019. Blood samples were taken from subject to determination vitamin D levels. Results: The present study shows a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the mean of vitamin D level in women patients with CTS comparison with control women (15.6±10.2) , (32.7±16.7) respectively. No significant difference was found between vitamin D and diabetes regarding the CTS. Conclusion: The role of vitamin D is the one potential cause of CTS, this study revealed low serum vitamin D level in patient with CTS compared to control .

Spatial Analyses of Pavement Condition at Intersection Sites

Repeated and periodic assessments of pavement conditions at intersection sites to improve the serviceability of intersection, is an essential component of the transportation system. Further, continuous maintenance of deterioration and defects that appear on the surface layers of pavement at intersection sites according to pavement condition indices (PCI), is a vital process in pavement management. This research aims at conducting spatial analysis for pavement conditions at intersection sites. The application of the developed measure is demonstrated for three signalized intersections in Hilla city, Iraq, by using distress definition. Point density Estimation (PDE) as spatial analyses and interpolation tool (IDW) in ArcGIS software is used to estimate the position intensity. PDE for Pavement condition applications enables the visualization and extraction of distress density in a selected zone or a network of road, which gives the makers of decision an advanced vision to the problem within a location. In this paper, PDE is used to generate potential distress hotspots map based on distress definition data. The result of this research shows the suitability of the heat map for the maintenance entitlement of a particular intersection. It gives a clear indication of the deterioration in the pavement layers depending on the severity of the colours shown in the heat map. For instance, a section of high score of PCI may include a very deteriorating units of low score of PCI due to the presence of many defects. Hence, it can be concluded that, it is doubtful that the PCI section represents the reality of all units. As a sample section (D) of the AL Thawra intersection where there were damaged units, PCI reached 55, 56, 59, while the PCI of section (D) was 74. The developed heat map demonstrates deterioration condition thoroughly for all units and provides advanced vision to pavement condition at the studied sites.

Parents' Efficacy for Child Healthy Weight Behavior in Elementary Schools in Hilla City

Objectives: The study aims to (1) Assess the parents' efficacy for child healthy weight behavior. (2) Identify the difference in parents’ efficacy for child healthy weight behavior between the groups of parent’s gender, family’s socioeconomic status, child’s gender, and child’s birth order, (3) Find out the relationship between parents’ age, child’s age, child’s body mass index, family’s socioeconomic status, the number of children in the family and parents’ efficacy for child healthy weight behavior.Methodology: A descriptive correlational study is conducted for the period from November 11th, 2018 to March 25th, 2019 to assess the parents' efficacy for child healthy weight behavior. The study was carried-out in (30) primary schools that were selected through a simple random sampling of (125) schools from Hilla City. The instruments was composed of two parts , the first part was the demographic data and the second part was the Parent Efficacy for Child Healthy Weight Behavior (PECHWB) Scale, it consists of 41 items based on Australian guidelines for healthy weight behaviors. The validity of the instrument was achieved by eleven experts. Data were collected for the period from January 10th to March 5th, 2019. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24. Results: The study results revealed that most of pupils eat three or more serves of fruit and vegetables per day, minimize high fats and sugar intake, engaging in one hour of physical activity per day, and being no more than two hours in sedentary behavior per day on holidays/vacations and on weekends. Furthermore, they minimize high fats and sugar intake and eat healthy snacks on their demands/request. Moreover, they do not minimize high fats and sugar intake and eat healthy snacks when they are stressed or in bad mood and when they complain. Recommendations: The researcher recommends establishing health activities that aim to raise the public’s awareness of fostering healthy lifestyle and behaviors for their children

Effect of Antibiotics Combination on Escherichia coli Contaminated Pacifier used by children suffering from diarrhea

A total of eighty nine clinical samples were collected from pacifier of children patients with age1-48 months from both gender complaining from diarrhea in Hilla city. 19 isolates of E.coli were isolated and identified according to their morphological properties( cultural and microscopical) and biochemical tests and percentage (21.3%).Some clinical samples were showed Entamoeba histolytica ,Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas hominis and Monilia. The susceptibility of the all current isolates were carried out against 17 antibiotics, E.coli isolates were very sensitive to meropenem and impenem ,and sensitive to sefitrixon ,amikacin, and ciprofloxacin ,while its resistance to others antibiotics were different. The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of some present isolates were higher.The combination of - lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin and cefotaxim)with quinolones(ciprofloxacin)from side and aminoglycoside (amikacin) from other side , demonstrated effective synergism of these mixtures anti multidrug resistance E.coli isolates

Degree of Disease Acceptance and Health Seeking Behaviors for Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Diabetic Center in Hilla City

Diabetes is a disease that is expressed in life style diseases such as high blood pressure. Many of thesediseases are the result of the behavior of the wrong.Objectives: The study aims at identify the degree of disease acceptance patients and their health seekingbehaviors; and determine the relationship between degree of acceptance and health seeking among patients.Methodology: A descriptive study has been conducted by “purposive sample” accounts of 150 patients whoreview the diabetic center in Hilla City. Through the use of the questionnaire and interview techniques thedata were collected and analyzed disruptively and inferentially.Results: Findings depicts that most of the study sample aged (30-39) years old, (56.7%) male, (45.3%)married, (40%) unemployed, and (52%) notable read and write. The majority of (48% and 44.7%) werenever have accepted their disease and seek towards health respectively. There were a significant relationshipbetween the degree of disease acceptance and seeking of health behavior at p-value &lt;0.05.Conclusion: Patients who diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and who review the diabetic center were neveraccepted their disease and never seek health. The accepted of disease were affected the seek towards health.Study that can be supported by a qualitative work using the clinical methodology with its tools and methodssuch as case study, clinical interview and psychological tests to achieve satisfactory acceptance and highself-control..

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FOR BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES SPP. ISOLATED FROM SOIL SAMPLES

Objective: The goal of the present study on isolation Streptomyces from soil samples with biosurfactant activity and antibacterial activity analysis.&#x0D; Methods: (25) The soil samples were taken form Hilla city. (10) It is Streptomyces spp. They were identified. (4) Streptomyces spp. having the ability to hemolysis on blood agar that has the capacity to generate biosurfactants. Streptomyces spp. 8 displayed a high degree of activity by having a blood agar inhibition zone (25 mm).&#x0D; Results: Antibacterial activity was evaluated for Streptomyces spp. 8 (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Streptomyces spp. 8 has greatest inhibition zone against S. aureus equal to 14 mm compared 12 mm against E. coli and 8 mm for P. aeruginosa. This Streptomyces spp. 8 characteristic was tested, it showed Gram positive with aerial mycelium gray in color on yeast malt extract agar. Negative for melanin produced on tyrosine broth medium, negative for H2S output, and pigment development, it has for the use of mannitol sucrose, glucose, and fructose as carbon source and negative for xylose.&#x0D; Conclusion: Isolated Streptomyces spp. having the potential to generate biosurfactants with antibacterial activity.

Risk Factors related to Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a phenomenon of unknown cause among infants between 1 month and 1 year of age”. Methodology: descriptive design conducted through September 2018 to the end of March 2019, mothers attended health centers in Al- Hilla City,who consists of (120 meters). Data were collected through using SIDS_QA-508 after doing some adjustment on the questionnaire, The questions that used in collecting data were checked out for any mistake or error and scrutinized, Data of the 120 participant’s were entered and analyzedby means of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) .The results indicated that the children age (65.0%) was less one year aged, (41.7%) mother’s educational attainment with primary school. (94.2%) with pre- term pregnancy, (74.2%) were married, (77.5%) from the population present their satisfaction concerning monthly income and (55.0%) had health problems through their pregnancy. Most mothershave low knowledge regarding abrupt baby death, which correlated for mother’s age, sources of knowledge as weak correlation. Recommendations: Hospital staff should instruct parents who, in turn, must emphasize to secondary caregivers that the baby must always be placed to sleep on the back and never on the tummy, since prone sleep increases the risk of SIDS.

Knowledge about Obstetric Warning Signs during Pregnancy among Mothers Attending the Primary Health Care Centers in Hilla City

Pregnancy is the most attractive stage in a woman’s life. Signs of risk of pregnancy include bleeding, fluid leakage from the vagina, unusual abdominal pain, cramping, pelvic pressure, headaches or blurred vision, marked swelling in the hands and face, burning urination, foul odors, chills or fever, reduced fetal movements and others with all those the mother need to knowledgeable. A descriptive (cross-sectional) design study was conducted in Al.Hilla city from the period1st September/2018-13thJuly/2019, to assess the knowledge toward the obstetric warning signs during pregnancy and to find out the relationship between the knowledge of the study sample and their demographic characteristics with obstetrical history). The sample of the study was non- probability (convenient sample)consist of(250)pregnant women. Data was collected through the use of interview technique, each participant needs(25-30)minutes to complete the form. The questionnaire was validated through a committee of(19)experts. A pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the instrument. The data were analyzed using statistical and descriptive data analysis methods carried out by(SPSSversion20). The results of the present study shows that the overall knowledge assessment of the pregnant women were good responses regarding warning signs during pregnancy.

Prevalence of Whooping Cough among Children Under Five Years During the Last 5 Years Ago in Hilla City

Prevalence of Whooping Cough among Children Under Five Years During the Last 5 Years Ago in Hilla City

Vitamin D Level Status and Hypertension among Elderly Iraqi People in Al Hillah City

Background: Vitamin D has different biological actions in the body . Vitamin D has the pleiotropic effectsin multiple organ systems, and vitamin D deficiency was suggested to be associated with high bloodpressure according to previous reports. Several interventional studies have examined the effect of vitamin Dsupplementation on high blood pressure patientsObjective: To identify Vitamin D level and its correlate with hypertension among old adult in Hilla city –Babylon province.

Vitamin D Level Status and Hypertension among Elderly Iraqi People in Al Hillah City

Background: Vitamin D has different biological actions in the body . Vitamin D has the pleiotropic effectsin multiple organ systems. Vitamin D (vit D) deficiency has been found to have an inverse relationship withthe occurrence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to assess the vit D level in type-2diabetic patients.Objective: To identify Vitamin D level and its correlate with type2 diabetes mellitus among old adults.Methodology: This was across sectional descriptive observational study included a non-probability(convenient sample) of elders (&gt;65 years both women and men) in Hilla City, Babylon province, the periodof the study started from the first of January through August 2019, the sample size was calculated accordingto the sample size calculation equation with 95% confidence level, 300 elderly people were participatedvoluntarily in this study after explaining the objective of the study by the researcher, the response rate inthis study 100%. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of College of nursing - University ofBabylon, a pretested questionnaire was used to interview the participants after obtaining their verbal consents,the sample included old adults, apparently healthy &amp; not receiving vitamin D supplement, serum levelof Vitamin D that made by chemo immunoassay method (maglumi instrument). Data about demographiccharacteristics, drug uses, number of chronic diseases, as well as measurement of mean blood sugar of eachparticipant were done single handy by the researcher. Blood sugar was measured using electronic system,blood sugar more than 170mg/dl considered diabetes in this study or those who diagnosed previously asdiabetes (type 2) and taking anti diabetic drugs. Vitamin D levels are divided into three categories .deficient&lt; 20ng/ml, insufficient between 23-29ng/ml and normal level 30-100 ng/ml 27 . Data were analyzed by usingthe (spss) package version 23. The chi-square test was used to test the associations between variables. Theassociation considered statistically significant when the P-value is less than 0.05.Results: The study included 300 participants, most of the study sample had either insufficiency or deficiencyof Vitamin D level. Diabetic elders in this study had significant low serum Vitamin D level (both deficiencyand insufficiency of vitamin) as compared to healthy group, this difference was statistically significantp&lt;0.05.Conclusion: There was a significant inverse relationship between vitamin D level and type 2 diabetesmellitus.