Hilla City Research Articles

Determination The Type and Factors of Domestic Violence against woman in The Hilla Population

This study was conducted in Babylon governorate/Hilla city to identify the types of violence that women and girls experience in Hilla city, inside and outside the house. The study showed that 70% of girls aged 15-30 are harassed in the streets, Married women are exposed to domestic violence by their husbands, fathers or brothers, and this leaves significant negative effects on the society in many ways. The most important of these are the children who live in cases of disagreement between the parents, which leaves a serious negative impact on the health of the child and society. By women harassing Because of tribal customs and traditions that govern society and the fear of their parents as well because of the shame of some of the recognition of the exposure to violence by the husband inside the house. Violence against women takes many forms – physical, sexual, psychological and economic. These forms of violence are interrelated and affect women from before birth to old age. Some types of violence, such as trafficking, cross national boundaries. Women who experience violence suffer a range of health problems and their ability to participate in public life is diminished. Aimed of the study: This study aims to identify the types and factors of domestic violence against woman in the Babylonian population in particular and its impact on the health of society and finding appropriate solutions to reduce this phenomenon.

Use of clomiphene or letrozole for treating women with polycystic ovary syndrome related subfertility in Hilla city

Abstract Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrino-pathology characterized by oligo-ovulation or an ovulation, signs of androgen excess, and multiple small ovarian cysts. It is thought to be one of the leading causes of female sub-fertility. It has been estimated that PCOS affects 5–10% of females in reproductive age. Its etiology is complex and likely multi-factorial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of clomifene citrate (CC) compared to letrozole in the treatment of patients with sub-fertility secondary to PCOS. Patients and methods Eighty five sub-fertile married women at reproductive age were involved in this study during their attendance to the Infertility center of Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Hilla city and those referred from hospital in Hilla city, Babylon Province, Iraq. Patients were collected depending on history and physical examination seeking for features of endocrine disorders, clinical signs of hyper-androgensim such as acne and hirsutism. At day two of menstrual cycle measurement of hormones including Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin, Testosterone and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), also Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and LH/FSH ratio were done. On day 12 of menstrual cycle ultrasound examination was done trans-vaginally to detect the number and size of follicles. Patients were diagnosed as PCOS when they have at least two out of three of Rotterdam criteria. Then patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 include 45 patients (80 cycles) were treated with CC (50 mg twice daily for 5 days starting from day 2 of menstrual cycle) and group 2 include 40 patients (47 cycles) were treated with letrozole (5 mg daily for 5 days starting from day 2 of menstrual cycle). After treatment the outcome measured (size and number of mature follicles, mono-follicular cycles and endometrial thickness measured at day 12 of menstrual cycle and pregnancy rate) in CC group were compared to those in letrozole group. Results The present study found that each of the percentages of cycles responded to the treatment (resulted in mature follicles ≥17 mm in size) (70.21% vs 41.25%) and the mean number of mature follicles (1.42 ± 0.66 vs. 1.15 ± 0.44) was significantly higher in letrozole treated group (p 0.05). Conclusion Letrozole was the better in comparison to CC in regard to responded cycles and mean number of mature follicles whereas regarding to endometrial thickness, mono-follicular cycles, and pregnancy rate (per cycle), CC was the better.

Dietary Behaviors among Women with Osteoporosis at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Hilla City


 
 
 
 
 Objectives: to assess Socio Demographic, Reproductive Characteristics, and healthy dietary behaviors. among women with osteoporosis . To determine the relationship between the socio demographic characteristics, reproductive data and dietary related behaviors. Methodology: A descriptive analytic design was conducted on Non- Probability ( purposive sample) of (90) women who have suffering from osteoporosis attend to (DEXADual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) unit in Merjan Teaching Hospital in Hilla City. A questionnaire has been used as a tool of data collection and consists of three part ;including : Socio Demographic, Reproductive Characteristics, and dietary behaviors, for the period of 9th of February to April 20th 2014.A pilot study has been carried out to test the reliability of the questionnaire and content validity has been carried out through the (19)experts. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses are used to analyze the data . Results: The results of the study reveal that (36.7%) of women aged (50 - 59) years with Mean ± SD(52.46 ± 11.70),(44.4%) were not read and write ; Not employed were(74.4%); (60%)their resident in urban; (52.2%) low socio economic status , (22.2%) were in overweight and (60%) obese in different classes. And concerning reproductive information (58.9%)their age of menarche (11-12) years , (49.3%) their age at menopause (45-49)years,( 36.6%)having (7-9)times of pregnancy, (39%)having (4-6) time of deliveries and (67.1%) with breast feeding and (53.7%) use hormonal contraceptive. . There is significant relationship P≤ 0.05 between dietary behaviors and socio demographic characteristics in women occupation and socio economic status. Recommendations: Implement educational programs as early as in adolescence to obtain peak bone mass, health education to all women about the osteoporosis and its prevention through nutrition and exercise, and encourage the women who has any risk factors or at age of 50 years old to do Dexa examination .
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Photocatalytic Removal of Bismarck Brown G and Reactive Yellow 145 over Prepared (Co, Ni)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinel Catalyst

Background/Objectives: The current study is focused on the synthesis of spinel catalyst (Co, Ni) 3 O 4 . This catalyst was used in removal of two textile dyes from wastewater that are charged from local textile factory. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This catalyst was synthesized using co-precipitation method. The obtained materials was calcinated in a furnace oven at temperature of 600⁰C for four hours. Then produced catalysts were investigated using different techniques such as Powder X-Rays Diffraction (PXRD), Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM). The treated industrial wastewaters that were used in this study were collected from the local textile factory in Hilla city (Iraq). Findings: The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts was investigated by following the photo catalytic removal of both Bismarck Brown G, (BBG) dye and Reactive Yellow145 dye (RY145) from the industrial wastewaters at normal atmospheric conditions. After one hour of reaction, the efficiency of dye removal was 94.60% and 31.11% for Bismarck Brown G and Reactive Yellow 145 dye respectively. Applications/Improvements: This study gives promising results in concern with treatment of industrial wastewaters before they are charged into the nearest water streams or in some cases they can be recycled to be used for industrial purposes at the same factory or at any other industrial unit.

Evaluation of Interradicular Cortical Bone Thickness for Orthodontic Miniscrew Implant Placement Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Background: Two factors, safety and stability that clinicians should consider during miniscrew implant placement. Safety is involved to MD distance and stability is involved to bone thickness. No Iraqi studies had been evaluated bone thickness and mesiodistal distance related to mini-implant placement for orthodontic anchorage at age 18 -35 years The aim of study: This study aimed to assess the three dimensional interradicular areas and the cortical bone thickness in Iraqi patients wit h Class I skeletal pattern and to determine the safe and suitable sites for orthodontic miniscrew implant by use the CBCT. Materials and Methods : The sample of the present study include a total of 20 Iraqi arabic patients aged 18-35 years of both sexes (10 males and 10 females) attending the Porceka Center at al Hilla city for CBCT scan for different CBCT diagnostic purposes from the period between November 2014 to May 2015.Measurements were made from the mesial aspect of the first premolar to the mesial aspect of the second molar of mandible, at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm heights from the alveolar bone crest in each interradicular area. Results: In males, the greatest buccal cortical thickness, buccolingual alveolar process width and mesiodistal distance were between the first and second molar at 10-mm height (3.8 ± 0.92 mm, 15.7 ± 1.33 mm and 4.7± 1.01respectively). In females, the greatest buccal cortical thickness, buccolingual alveolar process width and mesiodistal distance were between the first and second molar at 10-mm height (2.7 ± 0.16 mm, 13.8 ± 1.59 mm and 6.1± 0.91respectively). There was statistically significant sex difference in buccal cortical thickness, buccolingual alveolar process width and mesiodistal distance which were larger with males. Conclusion: Cone Beam Computed Tomography is a precise tool for evaluation the interradicular area and buccal cortical bone thickness to select the most suitable position of orthodontic miniscrew insertion.

Assessment of Self-Care Practices during Prenatal Period among Mothers in Babylon City

Objectives: The study aims to assess the self-care practices of the antenatal mother, and to Identify the demographic characteristics of pregnant mother (Age, Level of education, occupation.. etc. ). Methodology: A descriptive analytical design study was conducted on non-Probability (convenient sample), Starting in the period December 1st 2014 to August the 3rd 2015. which consists of (150) pregnant women. Were selected of (4) health centers 2 of each sector in the Hilla city as randomly selected of the general population. The researcher used rated on (3- level type Likert scale), by (Lindgren 2005) which is on the other hand the (Health practice questionnaire - II (HPQ-II ). The questionnaire was consisted of (67) items developed and adopted to measure the self-care practices of pregnant women. The current items which were grouped into comprised of two parts which includes the following: Part. I A. Socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, B. Reproductive Information. Part II. Items of pregnant mother practices. A pilot study has been carried out to test the reliability of the questionnaire and content validity has been carried out through the (22) experts in the different fields. The reliability Coefficient through of the calculated (alpha Cronbach's) was (a±= 0.827). The researcher gathered the subjects responses through the questionnaire & face-to face interview as one of the methods of data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine a frequency distribution of responses for each item as reported for the entire sample.Results: "overall" Results shows of the study showed that the final evaluation of the practice of self-care during the period of prenatal he was a good 50%.The present study demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between the demographic variables and practices of the self- care. Conclusions: The results achieved in all studied self-care practices among mothers during pregnancy (nutritional, physical activity, personal hygiene, rest and sleep, other practices), it was of a good level of the assessment Recommendations: The present study recommends the continuation of ministry of health and public mass media which have a great role to play in creating awareness about prenatal care among pregnant women as well as among deprived populations in the other places. Encouraging the pregnant mothers to commitment through dietary programs toward vegetable-based diets rich in a variety of vegetables, fruits and pulses minimally cereals, nuts, fat diets and sweets.

Assessment of Mothers' Practices Regarding their Children with Hemophilia in Blood Disease Center at Maternity and Pediatric Babylon Hospital/Al-Hilla City

Objectives: To assess the demographic data to the mothers and their hemophilic children and to assess practices of mothers with hemophilic children Methodology: Non- probability (purposive) sample of 100 mothers with hemophilic children revision to blood disease center in Babylon for maternity and pediatric hospital in AL. Hilla city. The data collected in January 24th until March 1st 2015. A structured interviewing constructed with mothers who were attended blood disease center by questionnaire. The questionnaire form is consisted of five parts which included mother demographic data and child demographic data, and mother's practice questionnaire. The response scored as Likert rating scale (never, sometime and always), The data analyzed by using descriptive statistical measures and inferential statistical measures. Results: Concerning mothers practices related to care, follow up and nutrition the arithmetic mean was (1.64) which was less than the mean premise (2) this finding indicate poor practices of mothers in care in their care of hemophilic children. Conclusion: The practices of mothers provided to hemophilic children regarding care, nutrition and follow up was below the required level. Recommendations: The suggested recommendation. Establish a regularly training program in blood disease centers to new mothers with hemophilic children who were newly diagnosis was essential to improve their practices regarding the care of their children with hemophilia.

Characteristics and compositions of solid wastes from Altuhmaziya region in Hilla city

Characteristics and compositions of solid wastes from Altuhmaziya region in Hilla city

Anti-Pseudomonal Effect of Argan Oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Burn Patients in Hilla City, Iraq

The burn and wound infection is considered one of the major health problems in the world, and one of the most frequent and severe complications in patients who have sustained burn. P. aeruginosa is a common cause of wound infections, especially of thermal burns, this is because burns have large exposed areas of dead tissue free of any defenses and, therefore, are ideal sites for infection by bacteria from the environment or normal microbiota. To assess Antibacterial effect Different concentrations of both Argan Oil (which was fetched from Maraco Kingdom) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Bacterial isolates obtained from the Central Laboratory in Hilla City, Iraq. was preliminary diagnosed in this Lab. as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the causative agents of skin and burns infections and the more resistant bacteria to antibiotics. Those isolates were reidentified in our Lab. for confirmation. The test bacterial isolates were treated with; H2O2 (1.5%) alone, Argan oil alone and with physiological saline as a control (by using the wells in agar method). No effect on bacterial activities and vitality were observed in this experiment. Argan oil and H2O2(1.5%) were combined together to form compounds in a rate of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 respectively. The results of this experiment revealed considerable effects on test organisms since the diameter of inhibition zones recorded as high as 23.82mm., 24.57mm. and 23.05mm. These effective of Argan oil Mixing with 1.5% H2O2 on P. aeruginosa burn isolates show remarkable results when compared to highly active antibiotics like Amikacin, Tobramycin, Ceftazidime, Aztreonam, Norfloxacin and Gentamycin.

Assessment of Instructional Labor Support Behaviors among Laboring Women at Teaching Hospitals in Hilla City

Objectives: The aim of this study to assess instructional labor support behaviors among laboringwomen in teaching hospitals in Hilla city.Methodology: A descriptive analytic study was concluded to select a sample purposely of one hundredmultipara laboring women in maternity hospital in Hilla city and data was collected throughquestionnaire form during February (1st to March 30th) 2014. A descriptive statistical method was usedto analyze the data.Results: The result showed that the highest percentage of study sample was at age (20-24) years, mostof them was house wife, more than third graduate from primary school, and more than half of themlived in rural area, (86%) of study sample delivered normal delivery, and (47%) of them their babieswere healthy, regarding instructional labor support behaviors, the highest mean of score refer toinstruction with eye to eye contact with persons who provide support, use open mouth (glottis) pushingand follow urges to push and rise the baby to let mother see her baby's gender.Recommendations: The result of this study indicated need for providing all midwifery school withlabor support behaviors, revising clinical guideline and efficient updating training to all staff and giverole to family to share in labor support behaviors

Cardiovascular Diseases Correlation with Antioxidants in Hilla City, Iraq

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) covers any disease of the circulatory system, namely the heart (cardio) or blood vessels (vascular), includes heart attack, angina and peripheral vascular heart disease, however antioxidants are vital substances that possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radicals induce oxidative stress. This study aimed to find out the possible mechanisms of correlation between CVD and antioxidants. The results showed that total protein (TP),total antioxidant status (TAS), albumin levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) have significance decreased in patients compared to control the group. Cardiovascular Diseases Correlation with Antioxidants in Hilla City, Iraq Free radicals are very reactive chemical species with an unpaired electron. Because of their reactivity lipids, proteins and DNA can be damaged by the radical's action. In consequence, they are responsible for many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorder, atherosclerosis,asthma,arthritis, neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases and dementia[ 1]. As a first level of defense, the AOS includes enzymes, mostly intracellular located, such as several forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and a group of macromolecules including albumin [2]. The chemistry of antioxidants involves the mechanism of action of antioxidant that two mechanisms of action have been proposed for antioxidants. The first is a chain-breaking mechanism by which the primary antioxidants donate electrons to the free radicals present in the system, example lipid radicals. The second mechanism involves removal of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) initiator by quenching chain initiator catalyst [3] On this basis, there are five known antioxidant mechanisms which describe antioxidant reactions[ 4, 5].

Traumatized Anterior Teeth among 13-15 Years Old Intermediate School Students in Hilla City, Babylon Governorate- Iraq

Background: Dental trauma in children and adolescents is a common public health problem in all societies and the prevalence of these injuries has increased during the past few decades. Injury of permanent teeth may cause cosmetic, functional and psychological problems to the patient. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of traumatized anterior teeth in relation to age, gender, type of injury and type of occlusion. Materials and methods: An epidemiological survey was conducted through clinical exanimation of permanent anterior teeth among 3855 students, 13-15 years old enrolled in 17 public intermediate schools in Hilla city. Dental trauma were assessed according to Garcia-Godoy classification. Recording the type of occlusion according to criteria of Millis. Results: The prevalence of students with traumatic dental injuries was 7.1% of the total sample. Simple enamel fracture was the most common type of injury among traumatized teeth while luxation was the least common type of dental injury. Males were more affected than females with statistically significant difference (P 0.05). The highest prevalence of dental trauma was recorded among the 14 year age (7.9%). Most of the traumatized subjects had only one tooth traumatized (71.3%).The highest prevalence of traumatized students were found with class II division 1 malocclusion. Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatized dental injuries was highly associated with gender and with class II division 1 malocclusion while it was not associated with age. Simple enamel fracture was the most common type of injury. Keywords: Dental trauma, permanent teeth, type of occlusion.

Impact of Serum Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Levels among Diabetes Patients in Hilla City - Iraq

Background: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with growth factor-like properties for monocytes and dendritic cells. Methods: Study subjects were recruited from the hospital in Hilla city. Healthy controls (n=15) and D.M. patients (n=35) were included in the study. Serum levels of GM-CSF and Anti-Insulin Antibody (AIA) measured by using ELISA technique. Results: The serum GM-CSF levels were significantly higher among diabetes subjects as compared with subjects without diabetes and results showed a high significant in serum AIA and glucose levels in patient as compare with control (p=0.009, P=0.001). The serum GM-CSF levels were increased in age group (45-54 years) shows the higher percent (42.85%) of patients with diabetes, with decreased of AIA and GM-CSF level rather than other age groups. Conclusions: There is indirect relationship between AIA and GM-CSF level and that is mean increased AIA and glucose level reflect the reduced GM-CSF level among the diabetic patients may be used as biomarker or use GM-CSF as co-therapy with insulin.

Investigation of Hematological Changes, Serum Tnf-&Agr; and Ifn-Γ Level in an Inadvertent Radium-226(226Ra) Irradiated Person in Hilla City, Nader 3 District, Iraq

ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of the present bio-screening study was to detect the relationship and correlation between the TNF-a and IFN-γ level and hematological changes in an inadvertent radium-226(226Ra) irradiated person. Methods: Forty two blood samples were collected from an inadvertent radium-226(226Ra) irradiated person. The control group comprised of healthy individuals with no history of irradiation. Sandwich ELISA was used according to the manufacturer's instructions to detect inflammatory cytokines. Statistically, T-test was used to determine the significant differences between groups. Results: A significantly increasing high level was found in serum TNF-a and IFN-γ in the inadvertent radium irradiated person when compared with the control group. The different age of groups did not show any significant differences in inflammatory cytokine serum level. The results reveal negative correlation between TNF-a and IFN-γ and complete blood count. Conclusions: Radium irradiation can cause changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-a and IFN-γ) serum levels, the significantly increasing level of TNF-a and IFN-γ in different age group as compare with control suggests using them as surrogate biomarker for irradiation and the present study suggest using tiny doses of radium to induce TNF-a and IFN-γ interleukins (as immune stimulator). Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Quality, Quantity and Origin of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in Lotic Ecosystem of Al-Hilla River, Iraq

The Euphrates River is one of the major rivers in Iraq. When it reaches north of Hilla city, it will be divided in two branches. One of these braches flows toward Hilla city. On this branch, six locations were studied for the water quality of the Euphrates water. The present paper is aimed to fill the gap of information of the presence of PAHs (poly aromatic hydrocarbons) in water and sediment of Al-Hilla River, as well as to determine the quality and quantity of some PAHs. The depth of the river ranges from 2 m to 6 m. The quality, quantity and the origin of PAHs were studied in the water and sediment of Al-Hilla River. In addition, some physical and chemical properties were studied at six sites along the studied area, for the period March, 2010 to February, 2011. Sixteen PAHs that are listed by USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) as priority pollutants (Nap (naphthalene), Acpy (acenaphthylene), Acp (acenaphthene), Flu (fluorine), Phen (phenanthrene), Ant (anthracene), Flur (fluoranthene), Py (pyrene), B(a)A (benzo(a)anthracene), Chry (chrysene), B(b)F (benzo(b)fluoranthene), B(k)F (benzo(k)fluoranthene), B(a)p (benzo(a)pyrene), BbA (dibenzo(a,h)anthracene), B(ghi)P (benzo(ghi)perylene) and Ind (indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene)) were detected in Al-Hilla river. High concentrations of PAHs were detected in the sediment relative to that within the water. The present study revealed that the origin of PAHs in water and sediment might be the pyrogenic origin.

Resistance of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From Clinical and Environmental Sources to Heavy Metals in Hilla City, Iraq

The study included 300 samples collected from 150 clinical and 150 hospital environmental sources. Only 43 (14.3%) isolates belonged to Ps. aeruginosa. The isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 7 types of heavy metals (HM) namely Copper Sulfate, Silver Sulfate, Mercury chloride, Lead nitrate, Zinc sulfate, Cadmium sulfate, and Nickel sulfate. The screening test for ability of the isolates to resist HM was detected using lead nitrate in concentration of 400μg/ml. Results revealed that 37/43 were resistant to lead nitrate (400μg/ml). The MIC of 7 HM was detected by agar dilution and pouring method. Results revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to 7 HM in some of concentrations. The plasmid content was investigated for all 37 isolates of Ps. aeruginosa (34 clinical and 3 environmental). Results revealed that most isolates 32/37 harbored large (mega) plasmid. Biofilm production of Ps. aeruginosa isolates was investigated; results showed that 20/43 (47%) of isolates had biofilm. This study concluded that the increase of HM resistance was correlated with biofilm production for some HM used. The bacterial curing is proceeding for one isolate of Ps. aeruginosa (Ps.3). The results showed survived resistance to all HM used, which may be due to HM resistance trait was carried out on bacterial chromosome rather than plasmid.

Novel Anti- tuberculosis Compound

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis is quiet difficult to treat or say, recovery the patients is prolonged.Iraq has a high burden of Tuberculosis (TB) and ranks the 44 th .worldwide among the countries with a high TB burden and the 5 th .among the countries of the Eastern mediterranean Region.This study was designed to evaluate the Anti-tuberculosis effect of a new compound of Argan Oil 100%,which has been fetched from Morocco Kingdom combined with Sidr extract 62.5g\L against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ten isolates Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated from patients who attended Consultants Clinic of Respiratory and Thoracic Diseases in Hilla city, Iraq. All investigated patients were preliminary diagnosed by X- ray to have TB. The effect of mixture of Argan oil 100% and sidr extract 62.5g\L was tested on M. tuberculosis by incorporation the mixture with Lowenstein-Jensen (L.J) medium in different ratio to get final volume mixture: L.J. medium. Accordingly ratios were; 1: 9, 0.75:9.25, 0.5: 9.5, 0.4:9.6, 0.3:9.7, 0.25:9.75, 0.2:9.8 and 0.1: 9.9ml. L.J. medium was autoclaved for sterilization and kept to cool at 45C° then the appropriate concentrations the compound were added. The medium was inoculated with the TB.The growth of TBwas observed in positive control tube while no growth was seen in the tubes containing the mixture of compounds although the reading of TB. growth continued for28 days of incubation. Similar results displayed for all other mixtures of different ratio (1: 9, 0.75:9.25, 0.5: 9.5, 0.4:9.6, 0.3:9.7, 0.25:9.75, 0.2:9.8 and 0.1: 9.9)ml.The new compound used in this study revealed valuable effect against TB. Afterincorporated with culture

Evaluation of Nitric Oxide and Some Biochemical Changes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Hilla City

The study was conducted on fifty seven of type 2 diabetic patients and thirty one apparently healthy control subject. Blood samples obtained from all subjects from Marjan Medical City and AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital in Babylon Province. The aim of this study to evaluate the differences of oxidant (nitric oxide and malonyldialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase), trace elements (copper and zinc) and lipid profile in sera of type 2 diabetic patients and the control group. The results of present study reveal a significant increase in nitric oxide, malonyldialdehyde, copper, glucose, total cholesterol, TG, VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration in sera of type 2 diabetic patients when compared to those of the control group. Also this study show significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and zinc concentration in sera of type 2 diabetic patients when compared to those of the control group. The study concluded that type 2 diabetic patients is associated with increase oxidative stress. The increase of nitric oxide, malonyldialdehyde and copper concentration and decrease of super oxide dismutase and zinc concentration may contribute in the development of complications in diabetic patients.

Different method for diagnosis bacterial vaginosis in married woman in Hilla city

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an ecological disorder of the vaginal microbiota that affects millions of women annually, and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes including pre-term birth and the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to compare between the different methods (Amsel's, Nugent's, Spiegel's and PAP smears) of BV diagnosis. The results revealed that from the 100 patients It was observed that 48 (48 %) were BV positive, they met three or four of Amsel's criteria . 56(56%) were diagnosed with BV and 45(45%) had normal vaginal flora based on Nugents' score . comparison between Nugent's score and Amsel's criteria for diagnosis of BV showed a sensitivity 81% and specificity 75% . when diagnosis bacterial vaginosis by Spiegel's criteria observed that 24 (24 %) of the 100 cases, were BV positive while 76 (76 %) cases were BV negative while 57 (57 %) cases were BV negative by using pap smear including presence of Bacterail vaginosis with Trichomonas & candida 16 (16%) , Bacterail vaginosis with Trichomonas 20(20%) and Bacterail vaginosis only 7 (7%) in BV positive cases. The comparison between Nugent's score and Pap smears for diagnosis of BV had a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 81% .

Screening for Antimicrobial Agents Producing Actinomycetes Isolated from Agricultural Soils in Hilla/Iraq

Twelve agricultural soil samples were collected from different sites of Hilla city in Iraq . Out of these samples, 30 Actinomycetes isolates were isolated and purified in order to be tested for their antibiotics production ability . Primary screening exhibited there was one active isolate that posses antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacterial species : Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherichia coli , Morganella sp. and Staphyloccocus aureus , in addition to antifungal activity towards two fungal species : Candida albicans and Candida glabrata . This active isolate was encoded as Streptomyces KGL-13 ,then it was identified by culturing on different International Streptomycetes Project media (ISP-1 to ISP-7 ) and characterizing by several biochemical tests.partial purification of antimicrobial substances was done using ethyl acetate (at ratio 1:1) and evaporated at 45 ο C to get pasty mass. The zone of inhibition (ZOI ) diameter in mm of extract was determined on Muller Hinton agar .The results showed the highest ZOI happened towards E.coli and P. aeruginosa when gave 22 mm and 21 mm ,respectively. While it show a good activity against C.albicans ,but it had less activity towards C.glabrata.