Highest Values Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Comparison of Important Quality Characteristics of Some Fungal Disease Resistance/Tolerance Grapes Dried with Energy-Saving Heat Pump Dryer

Raisins have been widely consumed for many years all around the world, and different grape cultivars and drying techniques are used in their production. Recently, mechanical drying systems have been used to overcome any undesirable effects that arise from sun-drying with grape cultivars that require fewer pesticides to minimize the risk of residues. Both seeded and seedless cultivars were preferred for drying in the past; however, seedless grape cultivars have been increasingly preferred for drying purposes in addition to their use as table grapes. For the first time, an alternative processing method (using an energy-saving heat pump dryer) and important quality characteristics (total phenolics, antioxidant activity, brix, colour analyses and sensory evaluation) of disease resistant/tolerant grape cultivars of different species that can be grown in humid regions were investigated in this study. First, the fresh fruits of nine different grape (Vitis spp.) cultivars grown in a humid ecology were analysed, and then so too were the important phytochemical and quality characteristics of raisins dried with an energy-saving heat pump dryer. The water activity of the raisins ranged from 0.71 (Özer Beyazı) to 0.42 (Kay Gray). The total phenolic contents of Muscat Bleu (65.96), Philipp (64.88) and Campbell Early (64.53 g GAE/100 g db) berries were the highest (p < 0.05). The fresh berries of the Kishmish Vatkana cultivar had the lowest antioxidant activity, as determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (525.81 mmol TE/100 g) (p < 0.05). The total phenolic contents of raisins ranged from 12.76 to 13.58 g GAE/100 g fw. The highest value on a dry weight basis was 19.30 g GAE/100 g for the raisins of the Özer Beyazı cultivar (p < 0.05). The highest antioxidant activity value on a dry weight basis was found for the raisins of Özer Beyazı (991.01 mmol TE/100 g) using the DPPH assay. The raisins of the Philipp cultivar had an antioxidant activity of 7893.51 mmol TE/100 g db, as determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, which was significantly higher than those of other cultivars, with the exception of Muscat Bleu (p < 0.05). The range for antioxidant activity values provided by the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay was high, and the highest value was found for the raisins of the Philipp cultivar (4505.21 mg Trolox/100 g fw) (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the raisins of the seedless Rhea and Kishmish Vatkana cultivars can be appreciated more than those of the other cultivars, both in terms of their bioactive content and sensory scores, and the raisins of these cultivars, which can be grown in humid regions, hold a great deal of potential for grape growers.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DRAGONFRUIT, DATES AND KEFIR MIXTURES

Background: Some previous studies showed that either dragon fruit, dates, or kefir has antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, there has not been any study that showed the activity of the combination of those three elements. Purpose: Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine the best combination of dragon fruit, dates, and kefir as an antioxidant activity. Method: The combination variation includes: dragon fruit-dates, dragon fruit-kefir, kefir-dates, and dragon fruit-dates-kefir. Then, the antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH assay. Result: The variation of dragon fruit and dates, the highest value of antioxidant activity was obtained from the combination of 10: 2 of dragon fruits: dates; that was 76.33 ± 0.27 mg/dL. The combination of dragon fruit and kefir, the highest value was obtained from the variation of 10: 4 of dragon fruit: kefir. For this variation, the antioxidant activity was 80.9 ± 0.4 mg/dL. The combination of kefir and dates, the highest value was obtained from the variation of 10: 3 of kefir: dates. The combination of dragon fruit, dates, and kefir, the highest value of antioxidant activity was obtained from the combination of 4: 10: 1 of dragon fruit: kefir: dates; that was 80.94 ± 0.4 mg/dL. Conclusion: In summary, the highest antioxidant activity came from the combination variation of 4: 10: 1 of dragon fruit: kefir: dates.

Effect of substrates on the kefir grain biomass production and antioxidant activity

ABSTRACT
 Kefir is a fermented milk with proven bioactivities and popularity worldwide. However, kefir grains biomass (KGB) limits its production. The effect of different substrates on the KGB increase and antioxidant activity (AC) was investigated. Kefir grains were inoculated (6 % w/v) into nonfat goat milk (GMK), nonfat goat milk with brown sugar (GMBSK), cow (1 % fat) milk (CMK), and cow milk brown sugar (CMBSK). The substrates were fermented at 25 ± 3 °C and stopped at 4.7 pH, approximately. Samples were taken at 0, 4 and 8 h incubation time. KGB increase kinetics, productivity, growth rate parameters, physicochemical composition changes, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Goat milk substrates kefirs had the highest AC values. GMBSK and GMK had 44.8 ± 1.4 % and 37.6 ± 3.6 % AC, respectively. GMK and GMBSK had the highest biomass increments, 147 ± 23 % and 136 ± 7 %, respectively. Also, GMK had the highest (p < 0.01) kefir grains biomass productivity, 2.49 ± 0.24 g/L.h. Goat milk substrate has the potential to increase kefir grains biomass and to improve the bioactivity of kefir beverages.

Phenolic contents, composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils obtained from Iranian populations of Apium graveolens, and their canonical correlation with environmental factors

Seed essential oils (EO) yield and composition were studied in twelve populations of Apium graveolens L. collected from Iran. Variations in antioxidant activity were also studied with two bioassay methods including 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Clustering was performed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and studied samples classified into three main groups (or chemotypes) with higher limonene, limonene/apiol/myristicin/and apiol/myristicin. Antioxidant activity of EOs varied among studied seeds, that amounts ranging from 6.4 to 34.4 (mg AAE/50 μl EO) for the DPPH method and 1070 to 3315 (μM Fe+2/50 μl EO) for FRAP method. Based on antioxidant assay methods, the highest value of antioxidant activity was found in Urmia (P12) and Sanandaj (P1) EOs. Celery EOs showed strong antioxidant activity. Based on canonical correspondence analysis environmental conditions were highly correlated with the distribution of compounds among the populations. Lower elevation and higher temperature correlated with higher limonene content. Results showed that total phenols ranged from 10.4 to 14.57 mg Gallic acid/g DW and TFC ranged from 2.2 to 8.1 mg QUE/g DW.

Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Effectiveness Analysis of Batissa violacea celebensis Martens 1897 Crude extract against Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity

The aim of this study was to conduct phytochemical tests aimed at identifying the bioactive components present in the powder crude extract of pokea shell can be applied in analyzing antioxidant activity and testing cytotoxic activity. This study consists of phytochemical tests, including alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH method from the crude extract of the pokea shell is still relatively weak but the crude extract of methanol of the boiled and dried pokea shells in toxic category so potentially as a cytotoxic compound. The result of phytochemical test of crude extract of pokea shell meat, is extract of fresh and boiled pokea shell contain flavonoid, saponin, steroid and triterpenoid while extract of dried pokea shell only contain saponin, steroid and triterpenoid. The result of the antioxidant activity test of crude extract of pokea shell shows that the crude extract of dried pokea shell has the highest value of antioxidant activity. The result of the toxicity test of crude extract pokea shell boiled and dried pokea shell have an LC50 value of less than 1000 ppm. These values indicate that the extract of the boiled and dried Pokea shell is showed potential for development as an alternative anticancer agents in the future.

Antioxidant activity of yellow sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) after dehydration

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a plant with great importance in food security, especially in developing countries. Grown in more than 100 countries, it is nutritious and contains high levels of dietary fiber, minerals such as iron and vitamins A, B and C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of two cultivars of yellow sweet potatoes Beauregard (biofortified) and Carrot (organic). The ORAC, ABTS and DPPH assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity of raw, bleached and dried sweet potatoes at 40, 50 and 60 o C. The results showed that ORAC assay revealed the highest values for antioxidant activity in all conditions of Beauregard and cv. Carrot were tested. Both cultvars can be be use to elaborate functional products as supplements among others. contributing to the consumption of pro-vitamin A rich foods.

Sensory Properties and antioxidant activity ofChrysanthemumFlower tea bags with lemon peels and mint leaves

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on many business sectors including the cut-flower of Chrysanthemum. Sales of cut-flowers have decreased and the farmer suffering huge losses. It is necessary to develop a Chrysanthemum product to increase its economic value. This study aims to determine the sensory properties and antioxidant activity of Chrysanthemum tea in bags with the addition of lemon peels and mint leaves. The treatments in this research consisted of 6 formulations of Chrysanthemum: lemon peels: and mint leaves; FI (80%: 0%: 0%); F2 (80%: 20%: 0%); F3 (80%: 0%: 20%); F4 (80%: 10%: 0%); F5 (80%: 0%: 10%) and F6 (80%: 0%: 0%). Sensory properties were determined by hedonic tests (color, aroma, and taste of tea brewed water) with 30 panelists. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method and polyphenol content by the spectrophotometric method. The results of the hedonic test showed that F2 was the most preferred on the color and aroma parameters, while F2 and F4 had the same average value for the taste parameter. The highest antioxidant activity value was F2 with an IC50value was 134,38 ppm and polyphenol content was 81.42 ppm.

Antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer of fermentation by Bacillus subtilis on bagasse and wheat bran

Bagasse and wheat bran are agrowaste and cause different environmental problems. These compounds contain highly valuable compounds that can be recycled by microorganisms. This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of fermentation by Bacillus subtilis on biological activity and chemical components of bagasse and wheat bran. The results demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of fermented wheat bran and bagasse against eight selected microbial pathogens exhibited high activity of fermented wheat bran and mix, fermented bagasse showed less antimicrobial activity. Fermented wheat bran and bagasse samples had the highest antioxidant activity values (16.45 and 14.94 %) in comparison with the unfermented samples (6.20 and 3.97 %) respectively. Concentration of protein, ash, oil, and carbohydrates in fermented wheat bran were 5.34 %, 7.30%, 2.36% and 10.6%, whereas in bagasse they were 2.45%, 1.68%, 1.51% and 3.25 respectively. The moisture contents in bagasse 73.1% were more than in wheat bran 63.88%.

Late summer pruning improves the quality and increases the content of functional compounds in Fuji apples

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the time of summer pruning on the quality of Fuji apples, on the red color and functional properties, at harvest and after 3.5 months of cold storage. The treatments evaluated consisted of the control (without summer pruning) and summer pruning in December, January, and February. The percentage of fruit with more than 50% red color on the skin was 20.5% higher when summer pruning was performed later than when performed early. In general, summer pruning in January and February provided fruit with a relatively high content of anthocyanins (19 and 25.1 mg cyaniding 3-glycoside·100 g-1 FW, respectively), relatively high values of total phenolic compounds (370.1 and 438.7 mg EAG·100 g-1 FW, respectively) and total antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method (8,097.5 and 8,089.2 µMol Trolox·100 g-1 FW, respectively) in the 2017/18 season. Summer pruning did not affect fruit quality after cold storage. Summer pruning performed in January or February increased functional compounds content and improved red color, while in February it increased flesh firmness.

Seasonal changes in photosynthesis, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and anatomy of apical and basal leaves of Aristotelia chilensis

Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz is an evergreen species endemic to Chile. It grows in open areas or under tree canopy, and its leaves emerge in early spring and summer. The objective of this study was to determine changes in photosynthetic parameters, total phenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and anatomy of apical and basal leaves of A. chilensis during the year. Photosynthesis performance was determined by measuring electron transport rate (ETR), the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) with a fluorimeter. Leaf extracts were analysed to determine TPC and antioxidant activity. The maximum ETR and qP were recorded in spring and summer when the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at midday was higher (1901 and 1968 µmol m-2 s-1, respectively) than in other parts of a year. The Fv/Fm had typical physiological values in both types of leaves (about 0.8 in all the seasons). Also the NPQ was not influenced by the kind of leaves and season of the year. In concordance, the basal spring leaves had the highest TPC values. In contrast, the highest values of antioxidant activity were recorded in basal winter leaves followed by basal spring leaves. The results suggested that an increase in PAR (spring) positively affected the antioxidant activity and TPC, which correlated with higher ETR and qP values. The apical leaves showed morphological adaptations during the year and areas of intercellular spaces and palisade parenchyma were larger than in the basal leaves.

Verification of the Conditions for Determination of Antioxidant Activity by ABTS and DPPH Assays-A Practical Approach.

The ABTS and DPPH methods are among the most popular assays of antioxidant activity determination. Attempts to adapt them to different analytes and the search for the highest values of antioxidant activity has resulted in a large variety of assay conditions to be presented in the literature, including the way the measurement is made. This makes it difficult to relate the results to real oxidation systems, and often makes it impossible to compare them. Such a comparison is limited in advance by the use of stable radicals that do not exist in nature and that react differently from those generated in food or in vivo. Therefore, it is important to introduce measures aimed at standardizing the conditions of the activity assay, including reaction time and several reaction environments suitable for testing different groups of compounds. In this study, we used natural antioxidants of various structures: phenolic acids, flavonoids, peptides and corresponding amino acids, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, and also synthetic analogues of selected compounds. The curves of dependence of the measured absorbance on the concentration of antioxidants were described, the ranges of linearity were determined, and the value of the error made when reading in various ranges of dependencies was estimated. We also determined and compared the activity values using two popular methods (IC50 and TEAC), taking into account different environments and reaction times. Based on the collected data, recommendations were formulated regarding the reaction conditions adapted to the studies of individual groups of antioxidants, and unified reaction times were proposed. Taking into account the state before reaching the equilibrium of antioxidants reacting in a complex manner, this approach may introduce a simplified reference to the competing reaction that occurs in reality.

Flowers Characteristics of Selected Species of Lime-Tree (Tilia spp.) in Terms of miRNA-Based Markers Activity, Mannose Expression and Biological Compounds Content

The significant healing effect of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. and Tilia cordata Mill. flowers are well known. However, the flowers of Tilia tomentosa Moench. are not suitable for harvest due to their toxic effects. To investigate the diverse background of this effect, we applied a functional miRNA-based marker, mannose expression analysis and determined the content of bioactive compounds. Out of nine tested markers, three (miR160, miR167 and miR408) provided reproducible miRNA-based loci and two of them (miR160 and miR398) enabled the acquisition of fingerprinting specific to flower and leaf samples of T. platyphyllos and T. tomentosa. The most pronounced profiling was specific for miR408 marker, the function of which is connected to plant defense and adaptation mechanisms. We confirmed the suitability of microRNA-based markers for polymorphism determination of flowers of selected species of lime-tree. The highest values of antioxidant activity, flavonoids, total polyphenols and phenolic acids content have been reached in silver linden flowers. When comparing the transcription activity of mannose in flowers, more than 30 times higher levels of mannose transcripts for the silver linden flowers was observed.

Study of the antioxidant properties of some aromatic plant extracts

In this study the effect of extraction conditions (time - temperature-type of aromatic plants-extraction method) on the antioxidant activity, pH extracts was investigated. The extraction process was carried out using water as a solvent, and also through using the ultrasonic treatment. Aromatic plants that have been used are rosemary, a mixture of herbs (black cumin+ oregano). The extracts were prepared by the solvent extraction method, and the ultrasonic treatment was under the following conditions: time - (10-20-30 min), temperature - (40-60-80°C ), then pH extracts were estimated using pH meter, and the antioxidant activity of all extracts was determined by scavenging of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals. The results have showed that the values of pH extracts increase in the use of ultrasonic treatment. Also it was revealed that the highest value of antioxidant activity (95.43 %) was when extracts were obtained from rosemary using ultrasonic treatment according to the following parameters: (60 °C, 30 min). Therefore, these conditions could be applied for further extraction for their use in the preparation of medicinal products or functional food.

Impact of Gluten-Free Sorghum Bread Genotypes on Glycemic and Antioxidant Responses in Healthy Adults.

Sorghum is used to provide good quality gluten-free products due to phytochemicals and low glycemic index (GI). This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, the antioxidant activity and capacity, and the glycemic and insulinemic responses of gluten-free (GF) sorghum bread. GF bread samples were produced with three different sorghum genotypes. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition, resistant starch and dietary fiber content; antioxidant activity by ORAC; antioxidant capacity by FRAP; GI; and insulinemic responses. This double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 10 healthy men aged 28.0 ± 4.9 years (77.6 ± 11.7 kg and 24.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2). All sorghum bread showed significantly more fiber than rice bread (control). Brown sorghum bread was classified as low GI, bronze and white as medium GI, and control as high GI. Brown sorghum bread presented a low carbohydrate content, a significant amount of fiber, and a significantly lower 3 h AUC glucose response than those of the control, aside from the highest antioxidant activity value (p ≤ 0.001). Therefore, brown sorghum was superior to other genotypes analyzed in this study, and its production should be encouraged to provide gluten-free products with a better nutritional profile. More research is required to explore the effects of different sorghum genotypes in food products on human health.

Mitigation of High-Temperature Damage by Application of Kaolin and Pinolene on Young Olive Trees (Olea europaea L.): A Preliminary Experiment to Assess Biometric, Eco-Physiological and Nutraceutical Parameters

Various products are used to mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stress in olive trees. The aim of the research was to examine an anti-transpirant product (Vapor Gard®, V) and a kaolin- based product (Manisol, K) effect on the growth of two-year-old olive tree seedlings under high temperature. The study was conducted in a greenhouse on trees of a native cultivar of Campania (cv. Salella) grown in pot during the growing season from May to September 2020. The experimental design included two products: di-1-p-menthene (product V) and kaolin (product K), applied five times at 20 day intervals compared with a control. The following biometric, physiological, and nutraceutical parameters were evaluated: stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a fluorescence, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) index, relative water content (RWC), shoots growth, total leaf area per plant, trunk cross-sectional area, dry matter partitioning, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity. The results obtained showed that the application of di-1-p-menthene (V) was able to induce a significant improvement of shoots growth (+37.22%) and trunk cross-sectional area (+46.60%) and a reduction of the stomatal conductance and an increase of leaf RWC values. Application with kaolin had positive effects on the total polyphenol content, with an increase over the control of 240.33% and higher antioxidant activity values. Further studies are necessary to determine the effect of these products on the biometric, physiological and nutraceutical parameters of mature olive trees cultivated in open field conditions.

Effects of Different Drying Methods and Solvents on Biological Activities of Curcuma aeruginosa Leaves Extract

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. is one of the plants from the Zingiberaceae family which the rhizome has been used for medicinal purposes. However, the biological properties of the leaves have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different drying methods and solvents on total phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities of C. aeruginosa leaf extract. Samples were dried by oven drying (OD) and freeze drying (FD), and then extracted using different ratios of ethanol:water (100:0, 50:50 and 0:100). The amount of phenolic content (TPC) was determined using a spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was tested using the Free Radical Scavenging (DPPH) test and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP), while the anti-hyperglycemic test was evaluated by determining the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition. The results showed that FD at 100:0 and 50:50 concentrations had the highest phenolic content (30.88 and 33.06 mg GAE/g extract, respectively) and highest antioxidant activity value (38.24 and 42.46 mg TEAC/g extract, respectively). For DPPH, FD at 50:50 showed the highest inhibition of 71.48% compared to other extracts. Whereas FD at 100:0, 50:50 and 0:100 showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition of 25.65, 30.78 and 27.65%, respectively. However, compared to Quercetin, the extract showed mild anti-hyperglycemic activity. The results indicated that FD is the best method of drying while 50:50 showed as the best solvents. Positive correlation between TPC with antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities showed that C. aeruginosa leaf has potential as a source of natural antioxidant with the presence of phenolic compounds.

Developing psyllium fibre gel-based foods: Physicochemical, nutritional, optical and mechanical properties

Psyllium fibre has known health benefits, which are highly related to its gelling properties, so it is important to know the functional properties and its gelling capacity to its possible incorporation as a new source of DF in foods. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate these properties of two Psyllium fibres. Physicochemical (particle size distribution, pH, water content, water activity, hygroscopicity and bulk density and porosity), hydration (water holding, water retention and swelling capacity, fat absorption capacity and solubility), and nutritional properties (mineral content, total phenolics compounds and antioxidant capacity) of dietary fibre (DF) samples were recorded. Moreover, physicochemical (water content, pH and colour) and mechanical properties (back extrusion test, rheological measurement and texture profile analysis) of gel samples were performed before and after heat treatment (20 min at 65 °C). The hydration properties of Plantago Husk (PH) were higher than those in Plantago Powder (PP), but in functional terms, high values of phenols and antioxidant activity were found in PP. However, both samples displayed similar gelling properties. As a result of the rheological and textural analysis, both fibres showed good gelling properties at both high (65 °C) and cool (5 °C) temperatures, at concentrations 4%–7%. Moreover, the results indicate that PH and PP have suitable characteristics to be functional ingredients, which can help to avoid possible negative effects on food sensory and structural characteristics.

Enhancing the dispersibility of multiwalled carbon nanotubes within starch-based films by the use of ionic surfactants

The incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials into biopolymer matrix, to provide mechanical reinforcement and to obtain electrically conductive bionanocomposites, requires the homogeneous dispersion of the fillers. Herein, it is investigated the influence of surfactant structures on the dispersibility of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) within starch matrix. Three different ionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium cholate (SC), are employed to disperse the MWNT. Films with MWNT-SC show better dispersibility and an increase of about 75% of tensile strength and 60% of Young's modulus compared with films using MWNT-SDS and MWNT-CTAB. Nevertheless, MWNT functionalized with CTAB impart the highest values of antioxidant activity (scavenging activity around 30% in 1.5 h) and electrical conductivity (σ =14.75 S/m) to starch matrix. The properties of starch-based films can be tailored according to the physical adsorption of each surfactant on MWNT surface and/or the interfacial interaction of the surfactant with starch chains.

Effect of ethanolic extract of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. on lipid peroxidation inhibition and microbial count in minced beef

The present research was carried out for two main targets, the first one is phytochemical and biological screening of the aerial parts of Silybum marianum. The second one is the possibility of using Silybum marianum ethanolic extract as natural preservative for extending minced beef shelf-life during refrigeration and frozen storage. The chemical analysis of dry matter revealed that total ash content was 13.04% of D.M, crude fibers, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total tannins were (24.59%, 9.16%, 0.84% and (0.08%), respectively. The highest values of antioxidant activity were recorded in ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol 70%extacts, respectively for successive and selective solvents with values of 82.45% and 58.85% for successive solvents, 86.84% and 70.50% for selective solvents, respectively. Antimicrobial activity showed that, S. marianum L. Gaertn. had effect on gram positive, gram negative bacteria and yeast but had no effect on different strains of studied fungi. S. marianum had an influence on microorganisms growth in minced beef, the highest effect was 1.0% for 60 days (56 CFU). The most effective concentrations on lipid peroxidation prevention in minced beef were 1.5% for 3 days and 1.5 for 60 days.

Antioxidant activity of Malpighia glabra L., leaves extract

Malpighia glabra. L (Acerola) fruits have wide global medicinal uses due to rich antioxidant contents. Little studies were carried on other parts of plant. Malpighia glabra. L leaves (1.5 kg) was subjected to soxhlet exhaustive extraction with methanol and concentrated under vacuum. The dried extract was defatted with petroleum-ether then fractionated with ethyl acetate and n-butanol 3 successive times respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction (9 gm) was subjected to series of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Phytochemical investigation of the Ethyl acetate fraction of Malpighia glabra. L leaves in this study resulted in separation of four pure compounds (Caffeic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Quercetin & Kaempferol). The structures of the separated compounds were assigned based on NMR spectral data and mass spectrometer analysis. The methanolic extract showed high values of total phenolics (96.36 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (30.71 mg QE/g) and higher antioxidant activity towards DPPH radical with IC50 = 49.8(mg/ml).