Significant Higher Levels Research Articles

Reliability of the Mental Health Nurse Competency Assessment Tool (ECOEnfSM): A pilot study

AimTo evaluate the reliability of the ECOEnfSM scale as a tool to assess the professional competencies of Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (MHNP) in their clinical practice. MethodA pilot study, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional, focuses on MHNP who have completed their Specialized Health Training Program (SHTP) in Spain. The data were collected by general and collaborators mentors of the Multiprofessional Teaching Units (MTUs). The Mental Health Nursing Competency Assessment Tool (ECOEnfSM) was used, which consists of three subscales and eight Competence Units (CU). A reliability and validity analysis were conducted (Cronbach's alpha and Spearman's correlation coefficient). ResultsThe Rotation Assessment subscales showed excellent reliability (r > 0.90) with high and very high correlations (r > 0.6) in all UCs with high levels of significance (P < .01). The Annual Assessment subscale showed good reliability (r > 0.80) with a medium and very high correlation (r > 0.4) with high levels of significance (P < .01). All UCs showed a good to excellent consistency (r > 0.80). The “Home Visits” assessment criterion showed heterogeneity of data due to there are few MTUs that fully develop it. ConclusionThe ECOEnfSM scale showed very high reliability in MHNP during their training program in Spain. The ECOEnfSM is considered the only objective tool in Spain to assess the professional competencies in this population.

Hubungan Antara Konformitas di Lingkungan Pertemanan dengan Gaya Hidup Hedonisme pada Pelajar SMA

This research is quantitative correlational research. The research aims to determine the relationship between conformity in the social environment and the hedonistic lifestyle of high school students and to find out how high the level of conformity and hedonism is. Subjects numbered 70 students. Data collection used a conformity scale with 22 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.877 and a hedonism scale with 26 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.871. The research results show that there is a negative relationship between conformity and hedonism with a high level of significance with an r value of = 0.163 and p=0.177. The level of conformity is classified in the very high category with a percentage of 87%. The level of hedonism is classified as low with a percentage of 57%. Based on these results, it can be seen that the higher the level of conformity, the level of hedonism tends to decrease, and vice versa.

Hubungan Antara Gaya Kelekatan Dewasa Dengan Toxic Relationship Pada Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling yang Berpacaran

This study is a correlational quantitative research. The study aims to find out the relationship between adult attachment style and toxic relationship in dating Guidance and Counseling students and to find out how high the level of adult attachment style and toxic relationship level in dating Guidance and Counseling students. The subjects totaled 102 students. Data collection used the adult attachment style scale with 62 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.971 and the toxic relationship scale with 37 valid items with a reliability test score of 0.999. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between adult attachment style and toxic relationship with a high level of significance with a value of r -0.712 and p &lt; .001. The level of adult attachment style of dating students is classified as high with a percentage of 43%. The level of toxic relationships in students who are dating is classified as low with a percentage of 52%. Based on these results, it can be seen that the higher the level of adult attachment style, the level of toxic relationships tends to decrease, and vice versa

Development and validation of pFIB scores for exclusion of significant liver fibrosis in pediatric MASLD.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent pediatric liver disease, yet accurate risk scores for referral of children/adolescents with suspected clinically significant liver fibrosis are currently lacking. Clinical and biochemical variables were collected in a prospective cohort of 327 children and adolescents with severe obesity, in whom liver fibrosis was evaluated by transient elastography. Logistic regression was performed to establish continuous (pFIB-c) and simplified (pFIB-6) diagnostic scores that accurately exclude significant (≥F2) fibrosis. Performance for each was compared to established non-invasive fibrosis scores. These scores were validated in elastography (n=504) and multiple biopsy-proven MASLD (n=261) cohorts. Patient sex, ethnicity, weight z-score, HOMA-IR index, ALT, and presence of hypertension were included in the scores. The pFIB-c and pFIB-6 exhibited good discriminatory capacity (c-statistic of 0.839 and 0.826), outperforming existing indices. Negative predictive values (NPV) were >90% for both scores in the derivation and elastography validation cohorts. Performance in the histological cohorts varied (AUROCs for the pFIB-c between 0.710 and 0.770), as the scores were less accurate when applied to populations in tertiary referral centers characterized by a high prevalence of significant fibrosis and high ALT levels. Analyzing several cohorts totaling approximately 1100 children and adolescents, we developed novel risk scores incorporating readily available clinical variables. In accordance with the aim of excluding pediatric MASLD-associated fibrosis, the scores performed better in non-selected cohorts of children and adolescents living with obesity than in patients referred to tertiary liver units.

Are milk quota prices a rational investment? Modeling quotas as financial assets

AbstractOur objective in this paper is to examine the growth of the price of farm milk quotas in Canada, to shed light on their patterns of growth within the last 15 years. Our quota price model is based on the Gordon growth model, supplemented by some important characteristics of the milk quota market. Our explanatory variables include the quota rental price, interest rate, and expectations of both price and quantity growth, all for the province of Alberta over the 2009–2023 time period. Our economic model of quota prices performs well by giving results with the predicted signs for all variables in our model and high levels of statistical significance except for expectations of quantity allocations when entered separately. The model has two variants, one with the expectation of growth in quota rents and the other with the expectation of growth in the quota asset price. Econometric issues related to time series problems are dealt with. The model allows calculation of policy risk, which shows an interesting pattern over this time period.

Enhancing Acetate Utilization in Phaeodactylum tricornutum through the Introduction of Acetate Transport Protein.

The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, known for its high triacylglycerol (TAG) content and significant levels of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has a limited ability to utilize exogenous organic matter. This study investigates the enhancement of acetate utilization in P. tricornutum by introducing an exogenous acetate transport protein. The acetate transporter gene ADY2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae endowed the organism with the capability to assimilate acetate and accelerating its growth. The transformants exhibited superior growth rates at an optimal NaAc concentration of 0.01 M, with a 1.7- to 2.0-fold increase compared to the wild-type. The analysis of pigments and photosynthetic activities demonstrated a decline in photosynthetic efficiency and maximum electron transport rate. This decline is speculated to result from the over-reduction of the electron transport components between photosystems due to acetate utilization. Furthermore, the study assessed the impact of acetate on the crude lipid content and fatty acid composition, revealing an increase in the crude lipid content and alterations in fatty acid profiles, particularly an increase in C16:1n-7 at the expense of EPA and a decrease in the unsaturation index. The findings provide insights into guiding the biomass and biologically active products production of P. tricornutum through metabolic engineering.

The Effect of Workload and Stress on Work Productivity in Nurses at Sabah Al Ahmad Urology Center Kuwait

Background: Nursing is a profession that receives a lot of pressure and has an extreme workload that can cause stress and reduce work productivity due to the heavy tasks that nurses have to perform, which in turn can result in considerable work-related tension. This is especially relevant during the current period of uncertainty that has emerged as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic Objective : Toevaluate the effect of workload and stress on the work productivity of nurses. In a complex healthcare environment, nurses often face high workload demands and significant stress levels, which can affect their productivity. Methods: This research method uses a quantitative approach with a Cross Sectional research design. Data was collected through a questionnaire given to a sample of nurses working in hospitals. This questionnaire includes a measurement scale to measure the nurse's workload level, stress level, and work productivity level. Data analysis was carried out using SEM PLS. Results: The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between workload and nurse work productivity (p value 0.194 &gt;0.05) and there was a significant relationship between work stress and nurse work productivity (p value 0.0000 &lt;0.05). The higher the level of workload experienced by nurses, the higher the level of stress they experience, and the lower their work productivity. The implication of this study is the importance of effective workload management and stress management in an effort to increase the work productivity of nurses. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between work stress and nurse work productivity in SAUC. This means that the work stress felt by nurses at SAUC affects the work productivity of nurses at SAUC, when the level of stress experienced by nurses at SAUC is getting higher, it will cause a decrease in the work productivity of nurses at SAUC.

Exploring the Relationship between Resilience (Personal Strength), Emotional Stability, Emotional Self-Control, Attachment, and Personal Fear of COVID-19

The research examines correlational and predictive relationships between resilience (personal strength), emotional stability, strategies of emotional self-regulation, the style of attachment, and personal fear of Covid-19. At this study took part 130 adults (91 women and 39 men), the average age being 39 years old. The results indicated statistically significant medium and high levels of correlation among most of the analysed variables, the greatest correlation being obtained between emotional stability and emotional regulation strategies. Another significant result is the predictive relationship between emotional stability, attachment style and self-perception (subdimension of personal strength), which in turn proved to be a predictor for personal fear of Covid-19.

An Investigation of Some Immunological and Hematological Variables in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract Background: The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause multisystemic tissue damage because of the interaction between the autoantibodies and self-antigens. The complement system has a role in the development of the disease activity after its activation by the immune complexes. In addition to the impairment in the function of T and B cells. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine some hematological and immunological factors that could be indicated to disease activity. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, venous blood from 54 SLE patients, who were referred to Medical City, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and 46 healthy subjects were withdrawn from January 2022 to July 2022. The levels of blood parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cells (WBC), and Hb were measured for the patients and controls. The levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, C3, C4, IL-6, and IL-17a, were determined for patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Clinical diagnosis was made for all SLE patients according to the standards approved by the American College of Rheumatology, and the disease activity was determined by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Information such as age, history of diagnosis of the disease, and family history were collected by using a questionnaire provided for this study. Results: The age range shows a high rate of SLE disease in the age group 25–34, 24 (44.44%). The inactive group of patients was the largest among all patient’s groups (28 [51.85%]). ESR rate and WBCs count were significantly higher in patients. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were significantly high, with an average of 4.84 U/mL in patients compared to healthy controls. C3 and C4 showed an obvious reduction in the sera of patients (111.57, 0.278, respectively) compared to healthy people (126.08, 0.0489, respectively). Anti-dsDNA antibodies appeared with high significant levels in the active group of patients compared to other groups. For cytokines results, IL-6 was significantly high in patients (70.62 ng/l), and the levels of IL-6 and IL-17a were differentiated significantly with disease activity. Conclusions: CD3, C4, and dsDNA could be the most efficient indicators for disease diagnosis. However, dsDNA, IL-6, and IL-17a are the best to indicate disease activity.

Signal to Noise Ratio Improvement Using Stacking Method on Shallow Refraction Seismic Data

Abstract The improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in refraction seismic survey data is intriguing, especially when a long source-sensor distance and low energy vibration source is in use. In this work, we analyzed the effectiveness of the stacking procedure to extract geophone response signals buried under the noise level. The straight forward strategy to improve the signal quality is by doing multiple acquisition on every offset location and performing stacking procedure on the recorded data. For such activities, the sensor offset location is classified as near-offset (4-26m), middle-offset (28-50m) and far-offset (52-72m). To increase the usefulness of the proposed method, we developed the algorithm using an opensource programming language, and presented it in a step-by-step manner. We presented the procedure accompanied by the pre- and post- processing algorithm, consisting of seismic signal filtering and cross-correlation procedure in order to allow a precise determination of the first break time of the propagated seismic wave. The results give an overview on how to develop a seismic signal processing routine, as well as the possibility to improve the range of the refraction seismic instrumentation systems. The stacking procedure has a high level of significance for the middle offset. For the near offset the stacking procedure is not necessary, whereas for the far offset the large number of data is more important.

Nano-CaO as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis by transesterification of Jatropha oil

BackgroundThis research employs response surface methodology, specifically Central Composite Design (CCD), to optimize the process parameters for the effective production of biodiesel. Jatropha oil was utilized as the raw material to minimize expenses. A nanocatalyst was utilized as a solid catalyst, developed from CaCO3 via waste snail shells, offering advantages such as recyclability and improved catalytic activity during a transesterification process. The developed nanocatalyst was analyzed using various techniques, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The BET analysis revealed a surface area of 5.1m2/g and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis provided insights into the pore volume and diameter of the synthesized nano-CaO, showing values of 0.002556 cc/g and 1.1 nm, respectively, indicating the presence of both microspores and active sites on the external surface of the nano-CaO catalyst. Biodiesel conversion was controlled by adjusting factors like the methanol to oil ratio, catalyst weight, reaction time, reaction temperature, and agitation speed. A quadratic model was established to explore the correlation between the independent variables and the biodiesel conversion rate. The results showed a maximum biodiesel conversion rate of 96.73% under the optimal conditions: methanol to oil ratio (6:1), catalyst weight (1.4 wt%), reaction time (60 min), reaction temperature (55 °C), and agitation speed (250 rpm). These parameters were determined through 32 experimental trials. The RSM technique yielded impressive results with a determined coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9834, adjusted R2 of 0.8503, predicted R2 of 0.8309, and a coefficient of variance (CV) 0.75%. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) findings, the model exhibits a high level of significance (p<0.0001), which is less than 0.05 and F- Value 29.71.The study aims to enhance the yield and efficiency of the transesterification process, thereby increasing the overall production of fatty acid methyl ester from Jatropha oil. This innovative approach efficiently generates biodiesel from renewable resources, in a manner that is both environmentally friendly and maximizes the effectiveness of the process parameters. The evaluation conform that the quality of the biodiesel met the standards set by ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214.

Qualitative and quantitative research on a relationship between food security and well-being among students in Almaty city

The main aim of this paper is to examine the potential influence of collectivism on the well-being and food insecurity of university students in Almaty. 35 college students were selected for qualitative in-depth interview. The primary objective of this study is to examine the potential influence of collectivism on the well-being and food insecurity of university students in Almaty. To this end, a qualitative in-depth interview was conducted with 35 college students. In addition, a quantitative analysis was conducted with 244 undergraduate, graduate, and PhD students from 5 universities to check significant, validity and reliability in spring semester of 2023 for quantitative analysis. Authors used mixed method. Firstly, qualitative in-depth interview with based on a set of literature-derived questions. Then, the USDA 6-item food security module survey was used to measure food insecurity. The World Health Organization Five Factor Well-Being Index used to measure wellbeing of the students. To measure collectivism Communal Orientation Scale (COS) with 14-items were used. It was found that well-being positively effect on food security and their significance is high. While, collectivism has a negative impact on their relation with a high level of significance.

Optimization of process parameters of metal inert gas welding process on aluminum alloy 6063 pipes using Taguchi-TOPSIS approach

To achieve a superior-quality weld, it is imperative to employ the appropriate welding parameters. In this study, the Taguchi-based technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method has been used to improve the welding parameters such as current, voltage, and travel speed for metal inert gas (MIG) welding on the AA6063 aluminum alloy. Experiments have been performed to assess the hardness and strength characteristics of the joints. The assignment of the specimen was determined by the TOPSIS algorithm, which considers the specimen's performance score. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach was performed to identify the parameter with the highest significance level. A mathematical model has been established using a regression equation to establish a relationship between performance scores' signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and process parameters. The optimal parameters for the butt joint welded using the MIG technique were determined to be a current of 120 A, a voltage of 20 V, and a travel speed of 3 cm/min. The ANOVA findings reveal that the current factor exhibits the highest level of statistical significance, accounting for 63 % of the observed variation. This was followed by voltage and travel speed, which contributed 24 % and 10.3 %, respectively. To ensure the validity of the findings, a confirmatory experiment was conducted using parameters optimized for analysis. The results of the confirmation indicate a strong alignment with the approach that was implemented.

Effects Of Lean Manufacturing Practices On Operational Performance

Lean manufacturing is a concept of process improvement in production management which focuses on waste elimination. This paper explores relationships between lean manufacturing practices and operational performance. Using data collected from 55 manufacturing companies in Tasikmalaya city. Lean manufacturing were measured by five dimensions: production flow management, customer focus, process management, workforce management, and supplier management. Operational performance comprises four dimensions: cost, quality, lead-time, and flexibility. The findings are that all dimensions of lean manufacturing are significantly related to on operational performance. Production flow management has a higher level of significance in large enterprises compared with SMEs, whereas for customer focus there is a higher level of significance in SMEs compared with large enterprises. Process management, supplier management and workforce management have much lower level of significance for both SMEs and large enterprises.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates and virulence gene expression in poultry farms in Jos, Nigeria.

Antimicrobial resistance is increasingly becoming a global health concern. This study aimed to investigate and report MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli) prevalence, resistance, and virulence genes from poultry in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The samples were analyzed using microbiological standard methods and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). A total of 179 cloacal swabs were collected from bothlocal and exotic poultry breeds, of which 99.4% (178/179) tested positive for E. coli. Among these culturally identified samples, 99.4% (177/178) were furtherconfirmed Escherichia coli with a molecular weight of 401 bp. Multidrugresistance of 45% (80/178) was observed from the confirmed isolates. PCR assays were conducted to detect genes associated with resistance to antibiotics, specifically, tetracycline (tetA gene), sulfonamide (sul1 gene), ampicillin (ampC gene), and quinolone (gyrA gene). Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results revealed substantial antibiotic resistance, with 81.9% (145/177) of the isolates being resistant to tetracycline, 80.2% (142/177) to quinolone, 69.5% (123/177) to sulfonamide, and 66.1% (117/177) to ampicillin. Further analysis on 18 isolates that showed resistance to up to four different antibiotics was carried out using multiplex PCR to detect eae, hlyA, rfbE, fliC, and fstx virulence genes. The study found that 44.4% (15/18) of the isolates were positive for the eae gene, 27.7% (5/18) for stx, 22.2% (4/18) for rfbe gene, and 5.5% (1) for hlya gene, and none tested positive for fliC gene. These results showed high antibiotic resistance, virulent genes, and significant levels of MDR in E. coli from poultry. This study highlights the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship practices within the poultry industry due to their profound implications for food safety and public health. This issue is particularly critical in Nigeria, where poultry farming constitutes a significant portion of smallholder farming practices.

Carotid stenosis as a risk factor for ischemic stroke

Aim – to analyze the effect of carotid stenosis of varying severity in combination with other factors on the risks of primary and recurrent ischemic stroke, using methods of mathematical regression analysis. Material and methods. The study included 606 patients, examined by a neurologist, contrast-enhanced CT scan of the brain, ultrasound of the vessels of the head and neck, other tests and instrumental studies. The degree of carotid stenosis was assessed using the NASCET method (stenosis 0-49%, 50-69%, 70% or more). For the purpose of mathematical analysis, patients were divided into 3 comparison groups: those without a history of stroke, patients with a single stroke, and a group of patients with two or more ischemic strokes. In patients with a history of stroke, the size of the ischemic lesion was assessed according to CT data, the severity of neurological deficit according to the NIHSS scale and the recovery degree, and the functional outcome of ischemic stroke (Rankin scale, Rivermead index). The study used logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between the dependent variable (presence of primary or recurrent stroke) and a set of predictors, which were a number of clinical and instrumental indicators. Results. The presence of carotid stenosis of 50-69%, when combined with pathology of the cardiovascular system, acts as a factor that significantly increases the risk of developing primary ischemic stroke. Stenosis exceeding 70% has a high level of significance in the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke, this fact should be taken into account for secondary prevention of stroke. Conclusion. A preliminary assessment and analysis of carotid stenosis degree and other comorbid factors co-influencing the risks of primary and recurrent ischemic stroke has an undoubted potential. This approach can reduce the risk of recurrent vascular accidents and help organizing a personalized approach to surgical treatment of patients.

Impact of seasonal global land surface temperature (LST) change on gross primary production (GPP) in the early 21st century

Understanding the impact of global land surface temperature (LST) changes on gross primary production (GPP) is crucial for addressing global sustainability challenges effectively. This article explores the effects of winter and summer temperature variations on GPP from 2001 to 2020 on a global scale, employing a range of modeling techniques to investigate the complex relationship between temperature changes and GPP. The study employs various modeling approaches, including linear regression models, artificial neural networks, Random Forest (RF) models, and the XGBoost algorithm to examine both linear and non-linear relationships between global temperature changes and GPP. The results reveal that the RF and XGBoost models effectively capture the non-linear relationship between LST and GPP during both summer and winter, demonstrating a high level of statistical significance (P < 0.01) and achieving R2 values of 0.598. Furthermore, the study applies a Sen+MK trend analysis model to identify six distinct trend patterns in LST and GPP during both summer and winter seasons. In summer, the area exhibiting a non-significant increasing trend (NSI) for GPP covers 65,066,274.77 km2, whereas in winter, a strong significant decreasing trend (SSD) for GPP spans 64,537,108.31 km2. Notably, GPP patterns closely mirror those of LST, suggesting that rising high-temperature conditions during summer lead to reduced GPP, while increased low temperatures during winter promote GPP growth. Robust correlations between LST and GPP are observed under various trend conditions in both summer and winter, displaying strong statistical significance (P < 0.01), with SSD achieving a maximum R2 of 0.594. These findings contribute significantly to our comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between LST and GPP and offer valuable insights for addressing the sustainable development of global climate change challenges.

Fiabilidad de la escala de Evaluación de Competencias Enfermeras en Salud Mental: estudio piloto

AimTo evaluate the reliability of the ECOEnfSM scale as a tool to assess the professional competencies of Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (MHNP) in their clinical practice. MethodA pilot study, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional, focuses on MHNP who have completed their Specialized Health Training Program (SHTP) in Spain. The data were collected by general and collaborators mentors of the Multiprofessional Teaching Units (MTUs). The Mental Health Nursing Competency Assessment Tool (ECOEnfSM) was used, which consists of three subscales and eight Competence Units (CU). A reliability and validity analysis were conducted (Cronbach's alpha and Spearman's correlation coefficient). ResultsThe Rotation Assessment subscales showed excellent reliability (r > 0.90) with high and very high correlations (r > 0.6) in all UCs with high levels of significance (p <0.01). The Annual Assessment subscale showed good reliability (r > 0.80) with a medium and very high correlation (r > 0.4) with high levels of significance (p <0.01). All UCs showed a good to excellent consistency (r > 0.80). The “Home Visits” assessment criterion showed heterogeneity of data due to there are few MTUs that fully develop it. ConclusionThe ECOEnfSM scale showed very high reliability in MHNP during their training program in Spain. The ECOEnfSM is considered the only objective tool in Spain to assess the professional competencies in this population.

Synergistic inhibition of CXCL8 following MRTX1133 treatment with ONC212 or 5-FU in KRAS G12D and G12V mutant CRC and PDAC cell lines.

e15196 Background: CXCL8, serves as a crucial multifunctional cytokine that plays a significant role in regulating tumor growth, invasion, and migration. Although in some cancers the critical role of CXCL8 in patient prognosis and disease progression is stablished but its role in CRC &amp; PDAC patients is under investigation. High levels of CXCL8 in tumor microenvironment (TME) and association with cancer stem cell survival, immune surveillance escape &amp; metastasis make it an interesting therapeutic target. Both CRC &amp; PDAC are among the deadliest cancers with dismal prognosis. The need for novel therapeutics with a focus on TME is emerging. MRTX1133 was identified as an inhibitor of KRASG12D. ONC212 is a fluorinated imipridone with strong anti-cancer activity in nM range and preclinical efficacy against pancreatic and other malignancies. Here we report the synergistic inhibition of CXCL8 in both KRAS G12D &amp; KRAS G12V cell lines with use of KRAS G12D inhibitor in combination with 5-FU or ONC212. Methods: Different CRC &amp; PDAC cells were treated with MRTX1133 with 5-FU or ONC212 cytokine profiling at 48h time point was done. Human protein atlas was used for protein and RNA data &amp;TCGA data for survival was used. Results: We previously have shown the synergistic inhibition of pERK and cytokine alteration between MRTX1133 KRAS G12D inhibitor with 5FU or ONC212 in both cell lines with KRAS G12D &amp; KRAS G12V mutation (Tajiknia V et al. AACR 2023 annual meeting). In LS513 KRAS G12D CRC cell line, treatment of ONC212, MRTX1133 and combination of both showed a decrease of 52.36%,58.83% and 71.65% respectively in CXCL8 levels compared to control at 48h time point. In HPAF-II KRAS G12V PDAC cell line, treatment of ONC212, MRTX1133 and combination of both resulted in 38.69%, 64.44%, 57% inhibition of CXCL8 levels respectively compared to control. In SW480 KRAS G12V CRC cell line, treatment of ONC212, MRTX1133 and combination of both demonstrated 25.7%,47.3% and 66.5% inhibition in CXCL8 level respectively compared to control at 48h time point. Single treatment of MRTX1133 caused a decline in CXCL8/IL-8 levels by 30% while single treatment of 5-FU showed a 36% decrease, the combination of both resulted in more than 55% decrease compared to control in LS513 KRAS G12D cell line. In SW480 KRAS G12V cell line, combination of 5-FU &amp; MRTX1133 showed 30% inhibition while in Capan-2 PDAC KRAS G12V cells the same combination showed a 48.2% reduction in CXCL8 compared to control at 48h time point. TCGA data for RNA shows low specificity of CXCL8 for cancer type but it is significantly high in CRC and PDAC. Protein concentration in the Pan-cancer cohort shows significant high level of CXCL8 in CRC. Conclusions: Considering the important role of KRAS mutations and CXCL8 in pathogenesis of CRC &amp; PDAC, the effective inhibition of CXCL8 with the use of targeted therapy in combination could enhance treatment response and patient survival.

Lipoprotein Oxidation, Genetic Expression and Polymorphism of Apo A and B Gene in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in A Pakistani Punjabi Population

Oxidative alterations of lipoproteins and numerous polymorphism locations in the apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and B (APOB) genes have been identified as risk factors for cardiovascular events. The aim of the study was to investigate the gene expression and the role of APOA and B gene polymorphisms in coronary artery disease (CAD) and their relationship with lipid profiles, oxidized High Density Lipoprotein (oxHDL), and oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the Punjabi Pakistani population. A total of 200 subjects were included, of which 135 were diagnosed as having CAD and 65 were not. The lipid profile, oxHDL, and oxLDL were measured through the calorimetric method and ELISA, respectively. Quantitative variables represented by mean ± SD for normally distributed data. Gene expression was done on cDNA through Real-time PCR. Genotyping of APOA1 (rs670, rs5069) and APOB (rs693, rs11279109) were performed by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), and gel electrophoresis was used for band visualization. Our findings showed that the oxHDL, oxLDL, APOA, B gene expression and Del genotype of APOB rs11279109 was significantly increased in CAD cases. In addition, significant high levels of oxHDL, oxLDL, serum cholesterol, VLDL, TG, and cholesterol/HDL ratio has been shown to be associated with CAD. APOB (rs11279109) has a significant impact on dyslipidemia and exhibit a higher risk of CAD (OR=3.97) while, APOB (rs693), APOA1 (rs670), (rs5069) possesses a lower risk of CAD in the population. Hence, levels of oxHDL and oxLDL as well as ApoA1 and APOB genotyping could be useful in identifying individuals who are at risk of CAD.