Higher Relative Share Research Articles

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SWOT DAN BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX

This study aims to identify internal and external environmental factors and to determine the position of CV. XYZ on the level of growth and market share and determine the best business development strategy to win market share competition. The method used in this study to identify internal and external factors that exist in CV. XYZ, namely by using the SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats) method and to determine market growth and market share in CV. XYZ uses the BCG Matrix (Boston Consulting Group Matrix) method. In this study, the authors used a descriptive quantitative approach by identifying external and internal factors as well as sales data in the last 2 years that could influence business development at CV. XYZ. The conclusion of this research is CV. XYZ is in quadrant 1 which is obtained from external and internal results which have been processed later on the BCG PT method. XYZ is in the cash cow quadrant which means CV. XYZ experienced low market growth and high relative market share. Advice to the company is to do business development and get certified.

Effects of Combined Long-Term Straw Return and Nitrogen Fertilization on Wheat Productivity and Soil Properties in the Wheat-Maize-Soybean Rotation System in the Pannonian Plain

The study, conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term straw management combined with the application of increasing nitrogen rates on the yield of twenty winter wheat varieties, as well as on soil properties, was carried out in a long-term field trial established in 1971. The trial was monitored for twenty growing seasons under rainfed conditions in a typical chernozem zone of the southern part of the Pannonian Plain. The cropping system was a winter wheat-maize-soybean rotation. The ten SN-treatments (combinations of straw management (S) and N-fertilization) were as follows: In the plot (treatment) with straw return (S1), seven variants of nitrogen fertilization (0–180 kg N ha−1) were included, while on the plot without straw return (S0) the variants of N-fertilization were 0, 90 and 150 kg N ha−l. Based on the high relative share in the total sum of squares, variance analysis showed that wheat grain yield (GY) was significantly affected by years, SN-treatments, and their interaction, and they can explain the largest part of the total variance of GY. The results showed that straw return integrated with N fertilization could increase wheat yield to varying degrees over 20 years. On average, for all years, the highest GYs were obtained in the treatment S1 and fertilization with 180 and 150 kg N ha−1. The overall results showed that long-term straw returning significantly increased GY by an average of 8.4 ± 4.5%, with a considerable simultaneous increase in yield stability compared to straw removal. In addition, straw incorporation (SI) significantly increased soil humus, total nitrogen (TN), and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents at a soil depth of 0–30 cm by an average of 4.2, 3.8, and 11.3%, respectively. The results of our study have demonstrated that the long-term practice of straw return, in combination with the application of mineral fertilizers, has the potential to serve as a sustainable soil management strategy that is economically viable and environmentally acceptable. However, additional research is required to investigate its interactive effects on both grain yield and soil productivity.

HEALTH RISK FACTORS: BODY MASS INDEX, BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE AMONG ROMA IN BULGARIA

Roma communities suffer from higher rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and related impairments and limitations in daily activities. Purpose of the article is to study and analyze health risk factors: body mass index, blood pressure and blood glucose among the Roma population in small cities in Bulgaria. Material/Methods: In May 2015, a community-based approach was applied, and all adult residents of the Roma neighborhood of the town of Knezha, district of Pleven, were invited to participate. Only the persons who agreed to participate (59) or about 9% of the adult residents of Roma origin are included. By measuring BMI, blood pressure and blood glucose, the collection of primary data was done. The statistical processing of the data with Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and STATGRAPHICS-19 centurion software packages was performed. The significance of the results and conclusions was determined at p<0.05. Results: The Roma population is characterized by an unfavorable risk constellation and a health profile. Over two thirds (77.1%) of the participants in the study have BMI values above the normal. There is a high relative share of people with hypertension – 42.3% of Roma people covered. Elevated levels of blood sugar were found in almost 40% of the people observed: in equal relative shares are presented the persons with impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetic) and diabetes mellitus – respectively 18.7%. Conclusions: The study found a wide distribution of unhealthy factors of lifestyle among Roma population, and particularly alarming results are established regarding to the health of the Roma women.

Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in the Varna region for 2014-2019. Part two

Viral hepatitis is identified as a major global public health problem affecting several hundred million people. The severity of the hepatitis infection is not evenly distributed worldwide. Every year, 1.4 million people die from viral cirrhosis and hepatitis-related liver cancer. However, the majority of the infected population is unaware of their status. Therefore, prevention remains the best strategy to reduce viral hepatitis. Aim To study the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Varna for the period 2014-2019. Materials Quick notifications, registration documents, reports, analyzes of laboratory tests of the Regional Center for Transfusion Hematology (RCTH) Varna and Virology Laboratory of RHI Varna, NCIPD Sofia, health education materials. Methods Documentary, statistical, laboratory, partial epidemiological analysis, graphic presentation of results. Results Viral hepatitis by settlement have a high relative share of 86.12% in cities as opposed to 11.55% in villages. A total of 1557 people were contacted, and 99.2% of them were examined according to the normative requirements. Mainly adult men with small fluctuations in age are ill. Morbidity in men between 30-34 years of age is (37.97%ооо) in 2014, for 2015 the leading age is 45-49 years with morbidity (33.47%ооо) in 2017, > 65-year-olds with morbidity (13.20% ооо) in 2016 and 2019. Conclusions The comparative shares of ill people when divided into groups are: for students - (5.11%), for Kindergarteners - (1.37%), for workers in a food establishment - (0.37%). Age-related morbidity shows that there are no diseases up to 1 year, while there are single cases for the age group of 1-4 year-olds. A prophylactic study in RHI and RCTH in blood donation revealed a total of 857 positive samples for HBsAg and HCV.

BATHING WATER QUALITY IN DOBRICH REGION ON THE NORTHEAST BLACK SEA COAST

The quality of bathing water in Europe has remained high for decades. Bathing sites meet the highest and strictest "excellent" quality standards of the European Union. Aim and task: to make a comparative characteristic of the quality of bathing water in Dobrich region in the Northern Black Sea coastal region for 2018-2013 and 20142018.
 Materials: Seawater samples 880 pieces(2008-2013) pieces+740 pieces (2014-2018), in sterile glass bottles of 300-500 ml, sampled by RHI Dobrich, results of microbiological studies of seawater, reports, analyzes. 
 Methods: documentary, laboratory, statistical, graphic. 
 Results: The comparative analysis of the quality of bathing waters in two periods of 6 years (2008 - 2013) and 5 years (2014-2018) in the Northeast Black Sea coastal region of Dobrich District is based on the studied 20 sampling points. For 2008 - In 2013, non-standard seawater samples were detected by an average of 17.04%, with the highest relative share of 32.4% in 2011 and 31.69% in 2009, after which it dropped sharply to 0.70% in 2012 and 4.92% in 2013. The analysis of bathing water in the period 2014-2018 shows that in 75% of the points they have "excellent" assessment and 25% in "good". 
 Conclusions: 1. There is no health risk of pollution of sea water used for bathing in the summer season 20082013.2. Deviations with non-standard samples and repeatability during the two periods (2008 - 2013 and 20142018) are in two points - Bozhurets and Krapets-North.3.At the checkpoint Fish-Fish and Rusalka the bathing waters have improved the indicator from “good” to “Excellent”.

Vaginal Bacterial Profile in Pregnant Women

Summary This study aimed to determine the bacterial profile of vaginal samples from pregnant women and the prevalence of identified microorganisms. Materials and methods: A prospective epidemiological study was conducted on 150 pregnant women admitted to the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dr. G. Stranski University Hospital in Pleven. Vaginal secretion samples were collected from all the 150 women. Direct microscopy of native smears prepared by the wet mount method to detect Trichomonas vaginalis and direct microscopy of Gram-stained smears was performed. Aerobic culture studies were conducted to identify pathogenic bacteria and Sabouraud glucose agar (SGA) to detect the presence of Candida spp. Samples were also collected from 107 of the women for PCR tests for mycoplasma detection. Results: The highest relative share in the study was women aged 21 to 35 years 104 (69.33%). Of all the hospitalized and examined pregnant women, 87 (57.99%) had medical problems during the current pregnancy and postpartum complications, and 63 women (42%) gave birth without accompanying complications. In 86 (57.32%) of the women, bacteria were detected by direct microscopy of Gram-stained smears. Of these, 24 (16%) had gram-negative rods, 28 (18.66%) had gram-positive cocci. In 34 (22.66%), we found gram-negative and gram-variable pleomorphic bacteria. The aerobic culture study revealed microbiological growth in 44 (29.33%) of the women investigated. Conclusions: Studies on the profile of the vaginal microbiota in pregnant women and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms are essential for make prognoses for pregnancy outcome, evaluating the risk of developing a maternal-fetal infection, and discussing options for timely treatment.

Trends in the cost and utilization of psychotropic medicines for major psychiatric disorders in Bulgaria from 2013 to 2017

Background and objectivesMajor psychiatric disorders require prolonged use of psychotropic medications and pose a significant economic burden. The purpose of the study is to examine the trend in outpatient utilization and public expenditures for reimbursed psychotropic medicines for major psychiatric disorders in Bulgaria from 2013 to 2017. MethodsData on the cost and utilization of reimbursed psychotropic medications for schizophrenia and affective disorders are collected retrospectively from the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) for the period 2013–2017. The diagnostic groups included in the analysis are based on ICD codes from F20.0 to F33.4. Psychotropic drugs are systematized according to ATC code and INN. Reimbursed pharmacotherapy costs are analyzed per year and diagnosis. Drug utilization is calculated for each year in defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/1000inh/day). ResultsThe number of patients decreased from 62 500 to 54 000, or from 834 per 1 00 000 in 2013 to 733 per 1 00 000 in 2017, or with a 3.5% decrease per year. The highest number (28,674 in 2013; 26,235 in 2017) and with the highest relative share (46%–49%) were patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The reimbursed pharmacotherapy cost showed a decreasing tendency from 35 to 31 million BGN in 2013 and 2017, respectively. In total 31 INN of medicines for psychotic disorders therapy were reimbursed. The utilization of all ATC groups is decreasing from 28.04 to 17.38 DDD/1000inh/day. ConclusionsThe number of reimbursed patients with major psychiatric disorders, as well as the cost of pharmacotherapy and utilization of psychotropic medicines decreased in the period 2013–2017.

Transformation of organic carbon in alluvial soils under different land uses

The aim of this study – to evaluate the status of organic carbon (OC) under different land uses of soils formed in alluvial deposits. The soil samples were collected from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths in three field replicates.Three land uses were investigated: arable land, grassland and forest. The experimental site is situated near Surviliškis, Kėdainiai District (55°26′08.37′′N, 24°02′27.75′′Y) in Central Lowland of Lithuania. A total of 27 soil samples, collected from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths in three field replicates, were analysed for OC. The samples were prepared for analysis by removing plant residues, grinding and sieving through a 0.25 mm sieve. For all land uses, the highest content of OC was found in the upper 0–10 cm soil layer of the soil, with the highest values found in the forest land use. Fast-growing deciduous trees are an effective means to increase the content of OC in alluvial soil, especially in the 0–10 cm layer. The distribution of OC in the soil layers depended on the land use. Grassland and forest land uses allow OC to be preserved throughout the 0–30 cm layer, with less OC differentiation than in arable land. This could be attributed to the specificities of organic matter accumulation and degradation in different land uses. Not only the amount of labile organic carbon (similar to total organic carbon) was highest (0.392 g kg–1) in forest soil in the 0–10 cm layer, it also had a higher relative share in the total organic carbon (2.9%) than in other land uses – arable land and grassland (2.3–2.4%).

Harvesting System Suitability as Decision Support in Selection Cutting Forest Management in Northwest Bosnia and Herzegovina

Planning of forest harvesting operations is one of the key elements of successful forest management. The integration of modern tools and traditional forestry procedures is something that must be done in contemporary forestry. This research investigated the use of multicriteria decision support (AHP) and GIS in choosing the optimal harvesting system for predominantly selection cutting forest management on the example of two Forest Management Units (FMU). Results showed that AHP could be easily integrated into GIS using the extAHP tool and its results could be of help, along with other input data, in choosing the optimal harvesting system. Spatial analysis of raster data in GIS gives a comprehensive insight into the stand and terrain characteristics and shows the relative share of the area proposed for each system. In FMU »Kozara–Mlječanica«, the harvesting system chainsaw-skidder had the highest relative share with 44% of the area, meaning that it is almost the only harvesting system in current use, followed by chainsaw-forwarder (36%), chainsaw-cable yarder (19%), and chainsaw-adapted agriculture tractor (AAT) (1%). The system harvester-forwarder was not used at all, which is understandable considering that FMU »Kozara–Mlječanica« has a higher average slope and higher diameter of trees to be cut than FMU »Prosara«, where harvester-forwarder system accounts for a significant 36% of the area. The dominant system in FMU »Prosara« was chainsaw-forwarder (42%), followed by chainsaw-cable yarder (17%), chainsaw-skidder (4%) and chainsaw-AAT (1%). It should be noted that the presence of chainsaw-skidder system is insignificant. It is replaced by the system chainsaw-forwarder. Traditional harvesting system chainsaw-skidder, which prevails in Bosnia and Herzegovina, should be upgraded with the new technologies and methods. Using tools like multicriteria decision support and GIS could be of great help in that process.

Dietary intake of vitamin D in adults with overweight and obesity

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present study is to study in detail the dietary intake of vitamin D in subjects with different BMI in relation to the status of serum vitamin D.Material and MethodsThey have been studied 264 individuals (41.3% were men and 58.9% were women), aged 19 to 60 years. Body weight and height, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Serum 25(OH)D Total, insulin,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glucose level and lipids were measured. Nutrition evaluation was performed through a 24-hour recall and FFQ in January-April 2014 and 2015.Results27.2 % of the participants had normal weight, 24.6 % - overweight, 29.2 % - class I obesity, and 18.9 % – class II or III. 33.3 % had vitamin D deficiency, 40.2 % - insufficiency. It was found that the average daily intake of vitamin D for the whole group of subjects was 6.6 mcg/day. (for the women - 5.6 μg/d and for the men - 10.4 μg/d). In BMI-defined groups it was found that daily average daily intakes of vitamin D in subjects with normal BMI were 7.6 mcg / day, in those with overweight was 6.6 mcg / d, and in those with obesity was 6.0 mcg / day. 80.6% of the subjects were found to have daily average daily intakes of vitamin D under the EAR, which determines a high relative share of individuals with a potential risk of vitamin D deficiency. We found significant, mild to moderate correlations between daily average dietary intake of vitamin D and weight, % body fat (% BF); fat mass (FM), visceral fat (in women), muscle and fat-free mass (FFM), and height-adjusted indices : fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI), total body water (TBW in kg and %) and with some of metabolic variables (basal insulin and with the chronic inflammation marker - hs-CRP.DiscussionDietary intake of vitamin D is insufficient and correlates with serum vitamin D levels, FM(kg), %FM, visceral fat, FFM, muscle mass and some of metabolic variables. Male sex, higher education, younger than 30 years and normal BMI (up to 25.0 kg/m2) are the factors determining the higher dietary intake of vitamin D. This requires targeted supplementation and additional intake of vitamin D fortified foods to individuals at risk.

Basic problems in conducting a general preventive review of persons over 18 years of age in Bulgaria

Abstract Background In Bulgaria, following the reforms in healthcare, the Health insurance model and the role of GPs have been adopted as a key figure for primary outpatient medical care. Part of the obligations of the GPs for the implementation of the individual contracts with RHIF are also the preventive examinations of the mandatory health-insured persons over the age of 18 and the formation of risk groups of the population. Since 2006, the overall prophylactic review is mandatory for all health insured persons over the age of 18, regardless of their health status. It includes a core set of activities and studies that identify both people with disabilities and patients at increased risk of developing certain socially significant diseases such as cardiovascular, malignancies and diabetes. Material and methods Data were collected by documents review and direct individual self-administered questionnaire among 513 persons from the Pleven region and 229 GPs from three districts in the country. Results Despite the mandatory nature of general checkup for all persons over ’18, annually recognizes low range (from 35.8 to 45%). It was found that people over 65 who have chronic diseases more regularly visit the GP for check-up. The main reasons for the low population coverage are: lack of time and motivation of GPs; high relative share of persons with discontinued health insurance rights (over 20%); insufficient awareness and dissatisfaction of the mandatory health insured persons about mandatory prophylactic examinations. Of the respondents, 48% do not know what activities are involved, and 39% consider that the reviews are carried out formally. Conclusions Prevention of health-insured persons over 18 years of age is low in scope and is mostly opportunistic. In order to optimize the health and economic impact of the prophylactic review program, it is appropriate to provide for motivation measures for both GPs and those subject to the scope. Key messages In Bulgaria, the range of persons over 18 years old with prophylactic examinations is low. Prophylaxis of the persons covered is mostly opportunistic.

NEED FOR TRAINING OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS FROM OUTPATIENT CARE FOR BURNS INJURIES

The severity of the burn, as a trauma is a three-dimensional magnitude determining the localization, the vastness and depth of tissue damage. It is essential that the period from the onset of the trauma to the beginning and method of treatment. Depending on timely and adequate medical care for victims with burns, possible complications can be significantly reduced and prevented. According to the normative requirements for acquiring professional competence, health care professionals must possess special training and education in the scope of the specialty "Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery" (PVEH). The purpose of this study is to study awareness of the burns and the need to train healthcare professionals from outpatient care. The study was conducted in the period March-April 2019 year among 134 health care professionals working in outpatient clinics for specialized medical care (individual or group practice), medical centers and diagnostic advisory centers on the territory of Sofia City. The study used the dokumen¬tal and sociological method through its own survey. Results. The highest relative share is the health care professionals with work experience from 21 to 30 years (38.06%) from 11 to 20 years (34.33%). The analysis of the results showed that over half (55.97%) Professionals can partly cope with a burning incident. Every fifth of respondents (20.15%) Professional preparation for medical care and 23.88% of them respond negatively. A significant share of respondents (94.77%) Want to participate in training on the topic of burns 67.16% of them giving a categorical answer "yes, completely” , 27.61% say "yes, partly". 98.05% of professionals consider it necessary to provide information to parents about the possible risk of incineration in children, with 91.79% expected to contribute to reducing incidents in their rearing. Conclusion. In recent years, health care reforms have been oriented towards improving the quality of medical care, as the main task of medical institutions to provide affordable health care. The quality of healthcare has a multi-factor modality of criteria such as safety, accessibility, adequacy, patient satisfaction, social fairness and final health care outcomes.

A mensuração do Produto Interno Bruto do agronegócio de Mato Grosso do Sul

This article seeks to measure the GDP of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and characterize the agribusiness in the state's economy and their aggregates in the regional economy, for the year 2012. This calculation considered should be the contribution of each link in the economy within the productive chain of the state of agribusiness and its purchasing and sales relationships with other sectors. The input-output model constitutes an important tool to scale, with a higher degree of detail, the production chains and the aggregate of the constituent activities of agribusiness. The methodology and the data used based on various secondary sources where a regional input-output matrix where the value added to the consumer prices compiled and estimated, in addition to the aggregate structure as inputs, agriculture, agribusiness and distribution. It was found agribusiness participates with about 37% of the GDP of the state's economy in 2012, where the sectors with the highest relative share would be the distribution and agricultural households.

Impact of introducing subsidized combination treatment with artemether-lumefantrine on sales of anti-malarial monotherapies: a survey of private sector pharmacies in Huambo, Angola.

Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) against malaria are subsidized in many African countries, but the impact of subsidy programs in reducing the sales of concomitantly available antimalarial monotherapies is poorly defined. Data from The MENTOR initiative, that introduced subsidized artemether-lumefantrine (sAL) in the private sector of Huambo province, Angola, were used. The main response variable was represented by sales of sAL and of monotherapies, measured as number of treatment courses. Sales in private pharmacies of sAL and four antimalarial monotherapies between 2009 and 2013 were organized in four time-periods, and analyzed using generalized linear models for repeated measures. A secondary analysis evaluated changes in relative market share. We analyzed data from 34 pharmacies at four time points, taken from a larger survey that involved 165 pharmacies between June 2009 and March 2013. The sAL, following its introduction, became the dominant antimalarial treatment in the private sector, usually exceeding the total sales of all antimalarial monotherapies combined (1480/2800 total treatment courses, 52.8% of all sales in March 2013). Sales of monotherapies decreased significantly, but did not stop, representing 36.7% (1028/2800) of sales at the end of the survey. Subsidized ACTs can attain rapidly a high relative market share. Their introduction reduced, but did not eliminate the demand for less effective monotherapies, that might favor parasite resistance.

Who is keeping the peace and who is free-riding? NATO middle powers and Burden Sharing, 1995–2001

The objective of this article is to test the free-riding hypothesis submitted by collective action theorists, and to ask the following research questions: What slice of the military burden did middle powers share in NATO’s first out-of-area operations in the Balkans between 1995 and2001? And what, if anything, can we infer from this? We concentrate on NATO’s Implementation Force (IFOR), Stabilization Force (SFOR) and Kosovo Force (KFOR) operations and show that based on a so-called relative force share index middle powers shouldered a disproportionately high relative share in those peace operations. From this finding we draw a number of inferences for burden sharing studies and show avenues of future research.

Relative share of asymptomatic forms of hepatitis a in Plovdiv region, Bulgaria

To study the relative share of asymptomatic forms of Hepatitis A in family reservoirs of infection with different hygienic conditions. Asymptomatic forms were identified by detecting anti-HAV IgM using ELISA. Two types of households: with poor hygiene and with good hygiene, were studied. The study was designed as case-control. A group of Hepatitis A contact children attending day nurseries and kindergartens was also included in the study. The relative share of asymptomatic forms of HAV infection in poor hygiene households was 58.62%, while in those with good hygiene it was 41.57%. The comparison using Fisher's exact test yielded OR = 1.99 and 95% CI (P < 0.05). Asymptomatic forms were found in 7.75% of the investigated contacts among children attending day nurseries and kindergartens. Asymptomatic forms of hepatitis A are very common which makes them epidemiologically quite significant as many of the cases remain unrecognized and later become focal points of new cases of the disease. Poor hygiene conditions are likely to cause more asymptomatic forms. The high relative share of asymptomatic forms found in the households supports the need for immunoprophylaxis of the contacts.

Cost management model under conditions of global economic crisis

Due to the global economic crisis, cost management and cost cutting have once again become central concerns for many companies. The main objective of this paper is to propose a cost reduction model that would ensure maximum benefit and minimum damage to the company. The cost reduction model in a crisis is based on three criteria: cost impact on revenue (costs without significant impact on revenue are cut first), cost reduction difficulty (costs that are easier to reduce are cut first) and percentage share in total costs (costs with higher relative share are cut first due to their considerable influence). Cost ranks by reduction order are calculated using a multi-criteria decision-making mathematical model. Future event scenarios are forecasted using probability under conditions of uncertainty.

Publication activity, citation impact and bi-directional links between publications and patents in biotechnology

The study focuses on publication activity, citation impact and citation links between publications and patents in biotechnology. The European Union (EU), US, Japan and China are the most important global players. However, the landscape is changing since the EU and the US are losing ground because of challenges from a group of emerging economies. National profiles differ between the two groups of main players and upcoming countries; the focus on red biotechnology in the US and Europe is contrasted by propensity for white and green technology in Asia. Furthermore, the subject profile of biotechnology papers citing patents and cited by patents as well as the relationship between patent citations and citation impact in scientific literature is explored. Papers that cite patents tend to reflect propensity towards white biotechnology while patent-cited publications have a higher relative share in red biotechnology. No significant difference concerning the citation impact of publications `citing patents' and `not citing patents' can be found. This is contrasted by the observation that patent-cited papers perform distinctly better in terms of standard bibliometric indicators than comparable publications that are not linked to technology in this direction.

Contribution to study of evaluation of the quality of pig carcasses according to method recommended by EU with focus on withers fat thickness

The quality traits of Swedish landrace pig carcasses were investigated. According to short procedure of the method pf partial dissection described in detail by Walstra and Merkus (1996) the highest relative yield of muscle tissue in leg/ham, shoulder, back-loin section and belly-rib fat in carcasses of pigs with thinner withers fat - I group ( 65,76; 66,32; 50,70 and 53,95%). The highest relative share of intermuscular fat in shoulder, back-loin section and belly-rib fat was established in pigs with thicker withers fat - II group (3,16; 5,63 and 7,96%). Differences were significant at the level of 5%. Higher yield of muscle tissue in carcasses was determined in fatteners with thinner withers fat - I group (57,83%) and differences between I and II research groups weren?t significant (p&gt;0,05).

Evaluation of the quality level of carcass from the aspect of proportion of major carcass parts in pork carcass sides

Results of the investigation carried out on pork carcasses (n = 20), deriving from Large Yorkshire pigs, are presented in this paper. Investigation began with average body mass of pigs of approximately 25 kg and ended with average body mass of 100 kg. Trial animals received uniquediet mixture (content of crude protein 17,4%, lysine content 0,9%, cellulose content 4,9%). Following traits were determined: mass of warm carcass sides at slaughtering, fat thickness between 13th and 14th rib and on vertebrae where Gluteus medius pars piriformis most penetrates the fat tissue. After cooling of carcass sides during 24 hour period on temperature of 4?C, lateral section was cut between 13lh and 14th rib in order to determine section surface of the Musculus longissiums dorsi (MLD) and surrounding fat tissue. Based on MLD section and surrounding fat tissue the meat-fat ration on the back part of carcass was calculated. Dissection of right carcass side was done according to the method of WENINGER et al. (Petricevic, 1985). Following quantitativi traits are presented: pH1 and pH2 values determined by using the digital pH-meter 45 minutes post mortem and 24 hours subsequent to slaughtering, respectively. Average weight of warm carcass side was 41,7 kg. Major parameters for dissection are fat thickness (22,35 - 23,35 mm). MLD area was 36,40 cm2. In regard to the share of major parts of carcass sides, extremely high contribution of back part (8,20 kg or 19,62%) whereas the determined contribution of ham in carcass side was 10,68 kg or 25,5%. Contribution of muscle tissue in certain carcass parts varied. For instance, the highest relative share of muscle tissue was determined in ham and shoulder 71,91% and 71,67%, respectively, followed by neek, 62,86%, whereas in other major carcass parts value of aporox 58% was determined. Total content of muscle tissue in carcass side was 58,41%. Majority of quality parameters were within the normal values.