High Percentage Of Deaths Research Articles

Local Perspective: Factors Associated with Covid-19 Preventive Behavior in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Background: The case fatality rate (CFR) of Co­vid­-19 death­s in Indonesia on June 16, 2020 was 5.52% and 4.19% in West Nusa Tenggara. One of the causes of this high percentage of deaths is the lack of preventive behavior against Covid-19. This study aims to analyze factors as­so­ciated with Co­vid-19 preventive behavior among people in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 cities/districts in West Nusa Tenggara from May-June 2020. A total of 385 people were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed in the form of Google form and analyzed using multiple linear regressions with Stata 13. Results: High education level (≥high school) (aOR= 0.43; 95%CI=0.03 to 0.82; p=0.033), perceived benefits (aOR=0.16; 95%CI= 0.07 to 0.25; p=0.001), and good knowledge (aOR=0.19; 95%CI= 0.01 to 0.37; p=0.034) were increased the preventive behavior. While, male (aOR= 0.54; 95% CI= -0.89 to -0.19; p=0.002), perceived barriers (aOR= -0.16; 95%CI= -0.25 to -0.07; p= 0.001) were decreased the preventive behavior toward Covid-19, and they were statis­ti­cally sig­nificant. Conclusion: Education higher than high school, high perceived benefit, and good knowledge are increase the local people behavior to prevent Co­vid-19 in West Nusa Tenggara. Keywords: Covid-19, preventive behavior, West Nusa Tenggara Correspondence: Artha Budi Susila Duarsa . Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Al-Azhar, Mataram. Unizar-Street Number 20, Turida, Sandubaya, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara. Email: duarsaartha­@un­i­zar.ac.id. Mobile Phone: +62 812-9125-5000. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2021), 06(01): 1-8 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.06.01.01

Mortality due to chronic non-communicable diseases: Scenario of Parnaíba – Piauí

Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a huge obstacle to global health. In addition to causing economic impact on families and communities, they also cause many premature deaths, cause great restrictions and loss of quality of life. Objective: To portray the mortality profile due to chronic non-communicable diseases in the city of Parnaíba (PI) from 2016 to 2019. Methods: This is an ecological design of time series, with data collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Ministry of Health, between August and January 2020. Data that presented information from other municipalities were excluded. For data collection, version 3.6b of TABWIN, a program provided by DATASUS, was used. Data analysis was performed through the use of descriptive statistical analyses, including the whole number and percentage for non-communicable chronic diseases. Results and Discussion: Mortality rates, in the period from 2016 to 2019, due to NCDs present a high percentage of deaths for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), totaling 52.51%, followed by neoplasms (25.31%), diabetes mellitus (12.75%) and respiratory diseases, responsible for 9.43% of deaths. Conclusion: The study allowed the identification of a conformity of mortality rates between females and males, being higher in men in general, in the period studied, and that deaths from cardiovascular diseases total more than half of deaths from NCDs in the municipality of Parnaíba.

Causes of Mortality Among Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital

Introduction: The analysis of causes of death in the hospital and identification and dealing with the causes of death, in one of the best strategies to increase longevity. This study, with the aim of better understanding of the causes of death and by taking into account all hospital wards, describes the causes of hospital mortality occurred in Sina educational and clinical hospital of Tabriz, in order to investigate demographic ,clinical and cause of death variables for each disease separately. Method: This study is done by the sectional descriptive method in 2018 in Sina educational and clinical hospital of Tabriz. This hospital is the most important center for admissions of poisoning and burns in the North West of Iran. For this purpose, after obtaining a license, records of all patients who are admitted to hospital since 21 March 2018 until 19 March 2019, were extracted from the archives center in an elective and emergency form. Demographic and clinical variables were extracted from records and recorded in the questionnaire. The sample in counting the mortality occurred during one year was 626 cases according to documentations, that 88 cases were eliminated from study due to containing incomplete information. The data were analyzed by descriptive tests and SPSS18. Findings: The mortality rate in this study was 1%. 56.5% of those who died were male. Most deaths occurred among patients of over 75 years old. Among the under-15 age group the highest mortality rate were for burns. The most common causes of mortality, were, respectively, burns (19.33%), cancer (16.86%), and infectious disease (16.57%) .Most deaths occurred in the special wards. In 61%, chronic and underlying diseases are reported. Conclusion: Since this hospital is the largest and most important teaching hospitals for burns, in the province, the most common causes of death in this study are result of burns. The high percentage of deaths from burns in children and young people shows the importance of informing the dangers of burn for preventing the occurrence of burns and control its effects.

Burden of schistosomiasis‐related mortality in Brazil: epidemiological patterns and spatial–temporal distribution, 2003–2018

To characterise the epidemiological patterns and the spatial-temporal distribution of schistosomiasis-related mortality in Brazil from 2003 to 2018. A national population-based ecological study that used official data from the Mortality Information System. The data included all deaths recorded in Brazil from 2003 to 2018 in which schistosomiasis was mentioned in the death certificate as an underlying or associated cause of death (multiple causes). The municipalities of residence were used as units of geographic analysis, and standardised and smoothed mortality rates (per 100000 inhabitants) were calculated using the local empirical Bayes method. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated using global and local Moran indexes. To analyse the spatial dependence, the Getis-Ord G and Gi* statistics were used. During the study period, 18421113 deaths were recorded in Brazil. Schistosomiasis was mentioned in 11487 deaths (proportional mortality: 0.06%); for 8141 deaths (70.87%), it was listed as the underlying cause, and for 3346 deaths (29.13%), it was listed as an associated cause. The mean mortality rate was 0.38 deaths/100000 inhabitants. Individuals≥70years of age (RR: 115.34, 95% CI: 68.56-194.03) and residents in the Northeast region (RR: 10.81, 95% CI: 5.95-19.66) presented higher risks related to schistosomiasis. Municipalities with high mortality rates were identified in all regions, and high-risk clusters were found in municipalities located in the Northeast and Southeast regions of the country. Schistosomiasis remains an important cause of death in persistently endemic areas in Brazil, particularly in those with a high prevalence of the disease and a marked parasite load.

Pengaruh Pemberian Brusein A dari Biji Buah Makasar (Brucea javanica L. Merr) terhadap Kematian Larva Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Background: This study aims to determine the effect of brusein A from Macassar fruit seeds (Brucea javanica (L) Merr) on the death of larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus Say.Methods: This research was an explanatory research using experimental method with post test only control group design. The sample was larvae Cx. quinquefaciatus Say. The distribution of the sample treatment and control groups was done randomly. Data analysis using Probit to determine the value of LC50, LC90, LT50, LT90. Further tests use ANOVA if the data are normally distributed and homogeneous, but if the data is not normally distributed or not homogeneous using Kruskal wallis.Result: The results showed that the highest percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae mortality after administration of various concentrations of brusein A compared with temefos was at a concentration of 27 ppm, which was 55.29 percent. The higher the concentration, the higher the percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say deaths. The highest percentage of deaths after administration of various brusein A concentrations takes 24 hours, namely 91.13 percent. The longer time used, the higher the percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say deaths. LC50 was 18.833 ppm. LC90 was 68,852 ppm. The LT50 value was 437,639 minutes or 7 hours 18 minutes. The LT90 value was 1103.403 minutes or 18 hours 23 minutes. There was a difference in the average number of deaths in the brusein A concentration group (p=0.000).Conclusion: There was a difference in the average number of deaths of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae in the time group (p=0.000). So, there is the influence of the administration of brusein A isolated from Makasar fruit seeds (Brucea javanica (L) Merr) against the death of larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus Say.

Meteorological Conditions Associated with AES/JE Outbreak 2019 in Bihar

Analysis of the incidences of AES during 2019 over Bihar brought out the highest incidence of AES cases in June (78.5%) followed by July (12.6%). A similar pattern was found in the number of deaths associated with AES. Maximum incidences were reported from Muzaffarpur (559) and East Champaran (113) districts in north Bihar; and Gaya in south Bihar (72). More than 50% of the incidences and deaths were reported from children up to the age of 5 years; and more than 90% from children up to the age of 10 years indicating high vulnerability of children. Female children were found to be impacted more with 53% of the total incidences and 58% of the total deaths. The highest percentage of AES cases (78.5%) were reported in June followed by July (12.6%). The highest percentage of deaths were reported in June (69.5%) followed by July (19%). An analysis of the incidences of AES cases in the worst affected district (Muzaffarpur) shows a high degree of correlation with the maximum temperature of the past few days. A second-degree polynomial best described the relationship between the mean maximum temperature of the last two days and the incidence of AES cases in Muzaffarpur district (R2 =0.74).

Análise retrospectiva sobre quantitativo de cirurgias de vasectomia versus laqueadura tubária no estado de Sergipe entre 2008 e 2019

Esse artigo buscou realizar uma análise retrospectiva do quantitativo de laqueadura e vasectomias realizadas no estado de Sergipe de 2008 a 2019. Trata-se de uma análise quantitativa, descritiva e retrospectiva com dados colhidos no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde referente a todos os pacientes submetidos à vasectomia e laqueadura tubária em Sergipe de 2008 a 2019. Realizou-se 20.358 laqueaduras e 3.706 vasectomias neste intervalo de tempo estudado. Quanto aos gastos com serviços hospitalares, mostrou-se uma variação de 184.303,33 a 532.135,96 reais, enquanto a vasectomia foi entre 21.106,60 e 57.712,97 reais. Em relação à permanência hospitalar, a cirurgia de laqueadura oscilou de 1,3 dias (31h e 12 minutos) a 1,7 dias (40h e 48 minutos) ao passo que a de vasectomia obteve tempo entre 0,2 dias (4h e 48 minutos) e 0,7dias (16h e 48 minutos). Ocorreram 2 óbitos por laqueadura e nenhum por vasectomia. Durante este período explorado, conclui-se um maior quantitativo de cirurgias de laqueadura em relação às de vasectomia, assim como maior tempo de internação. Ademais, no quesito complicações, observou-se que um maior percentual de óbitos nas laqueaduras em detrimento das vasectomias.

REGULARITIES OF LARVAE SURVIVAL OF Oestrus ovis L. IN THE HOST BODY

Experiments with artificial invasion of sheep by larvae (Oestrus ovis L.) and experiments with surgical replacing of older gadfly larvae were conducted. Survival of larvae upon infection of 40 specimens higher (22.5%) than with infection of 20 and 80 specimens (10 and 11.2%), respectively. High percentage of death of larvae of II and III ages (63.7 and 58.4%) was found in the experimental replacing of larvae. It was shown that the natural resistance of larvae to adverse environmental factors increases with increasing age of the larvae. The hypothesis of a self-regulating level of sheep gadfly abundance in the parasitic system is discussed. The optimum abundance, which is characterized by the maximum survival and abundance of the parasite and is within 40 specimens based on the result of spontaneous infection, is considered. This level of infection allows maintaining a high reproductive potential of the parasite with a minimum of negative effects on the host.

Toxicity assessment of two-dimensional nanomaterials molybdenum disulfide in Gallus gallus domesticus.

Recently two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have received much attention as adsorbent materials for the effective removal of organic contaminants. MoS2 is attracting attention, not only for its chemical-physical properties, but also for its wide availability in nature as a constituent of molybdenite. The aim of this investigation was to assess the effects of different MoS2 concentrations (5×10-1, 5×10-2 and 5×10-3mg/ml) on the embryonated eggs of Gallus gallus domesticus, according to Beck method. We evaluated the toxic effect of the MoS2 powder purchased at Sigma-Aldrich indicated as "received" and MoS2 powder treated via mechanical milling indicated as "ball mille". Subsequently, the embryos were sacrificed at different times of embryonic development (11th, 15th and 19th day after incubation) in order to evaluate their embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. The alterations of the embryonic development were studied by morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of the tissues. The results obtained have shown the toxicity of both powders of MoS2 with a high percentage of deaths and growth delays. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis performed on several tissue sections showed a strong positivity to the anti-metallothionein1 antibody only for the erythrocytes.

The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Process During the Fibrosis.

Fibrosis is considered a complex form of tissue damage commonly present in the end stage of many diseases. It is also related to a high percentage of death, whose predominant characteristics are an excessive and abnormal deposition of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts -derived extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process in which epithelial cells gradually change to mesenchymal ones, is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. The key mediator of EMT is a multifunctional cytokine called transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that acts as the main inducer of the ECM assembly and remodeling through the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, which ultimately forms a complex with Smad4 and translocates into the nucleus. On the other hand, the bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), a member of the TGF family, reverses EMT by directly counteracting TGF-β induced Smad-dependent cell signaling. NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3), in turn, acts as cytosolic sensors of microbial and self-derived molecules and forms an immune complex called inflammasome in the context of inflammatory commitments. NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is triggered by extracellular ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), potassium efflux, calcium misbalance, and lysosome disruption. Due to its involvement in multiple diseases, NLRP3 has become one of the most studied pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Nevertheless, the role of NLRP3 in fibrosis development has not been completely elucidated. In this review, we described the relation of the previously mentioned fibrosis pathway with the NLRP3 inflammasome complex formation, especially EMT-related pathways. For now, it is suggested that the EMT happens independently from the oligomerization of the whole inflammasome complex, requiring just the presence of the NLRP3 receptor and the ASC protein to trigger the EMT events, and we will present different pieces of research that give controversial point of views.

Comportamiento de la mortalidad en el hospital infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, periodo 2013- 2017

Introducción: el análisis de la mortalidad hospitalaria permite evaluar la calidad de la asistencia médica. Las últimas publicaciones sobre mortalidad en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral datan de 1997.
 Objetivo: conocer el comportamiento de la mortalidad en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2013–2017
 Métodos: estudio descriptivo. Se revisaron los libros de registro y actas de defunciones de los pacientes fallecidos en el Hospital Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2013–2017.
 Resultados: 3,800 pacientes fallecieron, en promedio 760 fallecidos por año (margen 679-868).79.9 % con menos de 5 años de edad; las muertes en menores de 1 año de edad representaron el 61.3 % y en el periodo neonatal el 26.1 %. La Sepsis/Shock Séptico (43.4 %) y la Hemorragia Pulmonar (15.4 %) fueron los dos principales diagnós-ticos de defunción; el 34 % de los fallecidos presentaban una morbilidad asociada al diagnóstico de defunción y en el 40 % la morbilidad asociada era una malformación congénita. El 69.5 % fallecieron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos o Neonatal y 40 % de los pacientes fallecieron antes de las 48 horas de su ingreso al hospital.
 Conclusión: el grupo etario de mayor mortalidad son los menores de 1 año de edad, se evidencia un alto porcentaje de muertes con enfermedad crónica y malformaciones congénitas asociadas. El hecho de que el 40 % de los pacientes fallecieran antes de las 48 horas de su ingreso, indica la condición de gravedad en que estos pacientes llegan al hospital.

Investigation of pedestrian crashes using multiple correspondence analysis in India

Pedestrian safety is of growing concern with an increasing number of traffic accidents, especially in developing economies like India. In 2017, there were 20,457 pedestrian fatalities in India. Pedestrian crashes have also become a key concern in the state of Tamilnadu, India, due to the high percentage of deaths. If the available datasets are large and complex, identifying key factors is a challenging task. In this study, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), an exploratory data analysis technique was used to explore the roadway, traffic, crash, and pedestrian-related variables influencing pedestrian crashes. This study used the data from Government of Tamilnadu Road Accident Traffic Management System (RADMS) database, to analyse accident data of nine years (2009–2017) related to pedestrian crashes. The results of the study show that crashes occurring on the express highways on a multilane road are often associated with hit-and-run behaviour among drivers. Factors such as lighting conditions, location, pedestrian behaviour, crossings, and physical separation are also significantly contributing to pedestrian crashes. The key advantage of MCA is that it identifies a possible association between various contributing factors. The findings from this study will be useful for state transport authorities to improve countermeasures for mitigating pedestrian crashes and fatalities.

Propagation of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in embryonated chicken egg

The study included the injection of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimuriumisolated from starlings bird in embryonated chicken eggs. The eggs were divided into eight groups, each group contain 6 eggs. The G1 and G2 groups were injected with the sterile normal saline solution in the choriaollantoic membrane (CAM) and yolk sac as negative control. The group G3 and G4 injected by bacterial suspension at a concentration of 104 cfu/ml in the CAM and yolk sac while the G5 and G6 injected with bacterial concentration 106 cfu/ml in the CAM and yolk sac respectively. Finally, the G7 and G8 groups were injected with 108 cfu/ml of bacterial suspension in the CAM and yolk sac respectively. The results showed that the highest percentage of death in eggs embryos was 100% in the sixth group after 96 hours of injection. There was also a significant increase in the number of bacteria in correlation with time of incubation. The highest rate of bacterial isolate was 8,19log10, 8,26log10 after 96 and 144 hours in the sixth group, while the highest number of bacterial isolates was 7.04log10 and 6.31log10 in the third and fourth groups after 48 and 96 hours of injection respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the number of bacterial isolate after 24 hours of injection in both concentrations compared to other incubation times. A significantrelationship was also found between the amount of the dose used and the bacterial disease. this study concluded that Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from starlings can cause pathological changes and effect on hatchery percentage in embryonated chicken eggs.

Study of morphological characteristics and elemental composition of respirable particulate matter in an opencast coal mineusing FESEM-EDX

Atmospheric aerosol consists of both natural and anthropogenic origin. Studies have shown that continuous exposure to these particles is associated with a high percentage of death from respiratory and cardiovascular disease. In the present study, the PM10 samples were collected from eight sampling stations around a highly mechanised opencast coal mine in Talcher, India. Identification of the probable sources of PM10 was carried out through morphological analysis using FESEM, and elemental analysis was performed by using EDX analysis. Based on the FESEM-EDX analysis, the seasonal behaviour of PM10 was studied. The FESEM study revealed that the monitoring stations, which were mostly affected by mining activities were found dominated by the big-sized and irregular-shaped particles. On the other hand, monitoring stations mostly affected by transportation activities were affected by small-sized and regular-shaped particles. The EDX analyses showed that elements like C, O, Si, Al, Hg and Fe were the major elemental constituents of PM10 in the study area.

Place of death by region and urbanization among gynecologic cancer patients: 2006–2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between US region of residence and urbanization and the place of death among women with gynecologic malignancies in the United States. MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using publicly available death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. All gynecologic cancer deaths were included from 2006 to 2016. Comparisons among categories were performed with a two-tailed chi-square test, with p-values <0.05 considered significant. ResultsFrom 2006 to 2016, 328,026 women died from gynecologic malignancies in the US. Of these deaths, 40.1% (n = 134,333) occurred in the patient's home, 24.9%(n = 81,823) in the hospital, and 11.3% (37,188) in an inpatient hospice facility. Place of death varied by geographic region. The Northeast had the largest percentage of gynecologic cancer patients (31.3%) die as a hospital inpatient. The West had the highest percentage of deaths (49.3%) at home. Deaths in a hospice facility were the highest (14.1%) in the South. Place of death varied by urbanization; patients residing in large central metro or rural counties were the most likely to die during hospital admission (28.7% and 27.1%, respectively). Patients living in medium-sized metro areas were the least likely to die in hospitals (21.8%) and most likely to die in a hospice facility (14.3%). All comparisons were significant by study definition. ConclusionThe place of death for patients with gynecologic malignancies varies by US region and urbanization. These disparities are multifactorial in nature, likely influenced by both sociodemographic factors and regional resource availability. In this study, however, rural and central metro areas are identified as regions that may benefit from further hospice development and advocacy.

Application of Kirinyuh Extracts (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H.E. Rob.) to Germination and Growth of Jawan Grass Weed (Echinochloa cruss-galli)

The objectives of this research were to know: 1) the effect of allelopathy from leaf and kirinyuh root extracts (Chromolaena odorata L.) to suppress seed germination of jawan grass weed (Echinochloa cruss-galli); 2) the influence of allelopathy from leaf and kirinyuh root extracts (C. odorata L.) to suppress the growth of jawan grass weed (E. cruss-galli). This research was conducted from August to October 2017. Sampling site was located in Bukit Raya Village, Samboja District.This study used a Completely Randomized Design consisted of two factors with five treatments and three replications. The first factor was the source of the extracts, consisted of leaves and roots of kirinyuh, while the second factor was the concentration of extracts, namely 0; 50; 100; 150; and 200 gL-1 aquadest. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with F-test and followed by LSD test of 5% level.The results showed that: 1) kirinyuh extractswas able to inhibit the time and percentage of seed germination of jawan grass weed. The longest in germination time, was 8.54%,obtained from kirinyuh root extracts 200gL-1aquadest. , while the lowest in germination percentage obtained from 50g kirinyuh root extractsL-1, was 40.28%; 2) Leaf and kirinyuh root extractsinhibit thegrowth (height and root length), and caused high percentage of deaths of jawan grass weed. The highest percentage of weed deaths due to kirinyuh leaf extracts of concentration 100 g L- l with the death percentage was 1.76%.

The influence of prophylactic biopreparations on preservation and microbiocenosis of chickens

The cultivation of organic birds is an important stage in ensuring the population, in particular children, a source of quality and easily digestible protein. The use of antibiotics with a prophylactic purpose in organic livestock is prohibited at the legislative level. Therefore, this new direction in agriculture requires professional scientific support and effective natural prophylaxis as an alternative to antibiotics. The research was conducted in a certified organic poultry farm. The purpose of the production trial of the probiotic and the new postbiotic drug on chickens was to compare their effectiveness with respect to the productivity and consistency of the poultry. The results were compared with the data of the control group of chickens and experimental groups among themselves. In addition, there was a link between the performance of chickens with the functional state of intestinal microbiocenosis and the corrective effect of these drugs. The expressed prophylactic effect of the tested drugs on the best of 20–22% preservation of chickens, as well as on higher body weight gain was established. The death of the control group chickens was due to dysbiosis of digestion with the domination of E. coli in the intestine. The study of intestinal microbiocenosis showed significantly higher concentrations of lactobacillus in the chickens of both experimental groups compared with the control group. Due to the competitive substitution of lactobacilli, the amount of E. coli in the intestines of chickens in experimental groups was reduced, where the test drugs were used. Excessive E. coli in the intestines of the control group chickens could provoke inflammation in the intestine and the development of clinical manifestations of colibacillosis. As a consequence – recorded a high percentage of deaths of chickens in this group. Thus, correction of microendocology of poultry intestines may be carried out by prophylactic preparations based on living representatives of symbiotic microflora (probiotics) or compositions of their useful metabolites (postbiotics). Such a correction occurs naturally, without violating the traditional mechanisms of interaction within the microbiological pool.

Public Attention to Traffic Informatics in a Major Nigerian City

A 2011 WHO report listed Nigeria as 191 out of 192 countries in the world with unsafe roads; recording 162 deaths per 100,0000 population from road traffic accidents. Highway safety in Nigeria has remained a grave challenge since most Nigerian roads are often considered death traps. The state of infrastructure in the country is worrisome and it is arguable that road traffic accidents are responsible for a high percentage of deaths in the country. It is also arguable that the greater responsibility for road safety rests on road users who for the love of their own lives should exhibit high sense of road safety consciousness to avoid falling victims. While many Nigerian roads are equipped with traffic informatics including traffic lights, road signs and others, the rate of fatalities recorded remain high suggesting that road users do not pay attention to traffic informatics. The objectives of the study were (1) to determine whether road users in a major Nigerian urban city consider traffic informatics as important for road safety; (2) to determine the extent these city road users pay attention to traffic informatics; and, (3) to assess road use behavior among these road users. Our results suggested that attention to traffic informatics among city road users was low. Keywords: Road Traffic, Road User, Road Safety, Traffic Informatics, “General Street Madness” DOI : 10.7176/JAAS/56-08 Publication date :June 30 th 2019

Determinan Praktik SADARI pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Non Kesehatan di Universitas Jember (Determinant of Breast Self-Examination Practice in Non-Health Faculty Students At Jember University)

AbstractBSE practice is a breast examination performed by women to detect breast cancer lumps. This disease occupies the highest percentage of cases of other cancers and the highest percentage of deaths in women in the world. Breast cancer can be detected by prevention, one of which is breast self-examination (BSE). The tendency of women in early breast cancer detection with BSE is still low, even in 2015 non-health faculty students at the University of Jember. Many studies state that non-health faculty students are mostly rare and never practice BSE. This study aims to analyze the relationship of knowledge, attitudes, sources of information, peer support and anxiety about BSE practices in 2015 college students at the University of Jember. This type of study is analytic with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted on 227 respondents. The sampling technique is proportional random sampling. The results showed that there was a correlation between knowledge, attitudes, sources of information, peer support and the level of anxiety about BSE practices. After the logistic regression test, it showed that the knowledge most related to BSE practice was p-value 0.083. Keywords: Breast cancer, non-health faculty students, BSE practice

INDICATION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS IN THE TERRITORY OF AGRICULTURAL PROVINCE

In recent decades, the majority of outbreaks of listeriosis with a high percentage of deaths was caused by the consumption of food products, including meat and meat products. One of the main principles of prevention of listeriosis in humans and animals is a constant quality control of food and feeds. The district of the Ussurisk city specializes mainly in the production of agricultural products. Meat production work on the raw materials of local origin, and the imported meat is also used. There was executed a study concerning the possibility of the contamination of meat products of Listeria monocytogenes on the territory of the agricultural province of the district of the Ussurisk city for the period from 2012 to 2015. A total of 21491 sample products were investigated according to rules “Common sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic requirements for goods subject to sanitary-and-epidemiologic supervision (control)” of the Customs Union (Chapter II, section 1) and the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union № 880 “About security of food “(Appendix 1). The presence of 45 positive cases of L. monocytogenes was revealed, at that the most of them have been found in meat products and poultry meat. Observations of the occurrence rate of L. monocytogenes in meat of the imported production for a number of years show these the pathogenic bacteria to be isolated every year in 40% - 66.6% of cases (of all positive cases of isolation from meat). This meat was imported mainly from countries such as Brazil, Paraguay, New Zealand, Austria, England, Uruguay. A large proportion of meat and meat products, contaminated by L. monocytogenes enters the territory of Primorsky Kray from Latin America. It is important to note that meat and meat products contaminated by these pathogens were also produced in the territory of the district of the city of Ussurisk. In connection with it there is obvious the need as for further continuation of monitoring products on the market, as a survey of agricultural animals of private and public farms in the district.