High Level Of Development Research Articles

Prosecutor’s Offices and Government Bodies of the Russian Federation as Subjects of Legal Relations in the field of Protection of Human and Civil Rights

Russian government institutions carrying out human rights and law enforcement activities strictly adhere to the norms and standards that are reflected both in international law and in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, as a subject of legal relations, representing a key supervisory body of state power, plays a fundamental role in the implementation of activities aimed at protecting human and civil rights. However, in a developed democratic and rule-of-law state, the scope of human rights protection affects various branches of law and economic spheres. That is why the implementation of supervision and human rights activities by the prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation without interaction with other government bodies of the Russian Federation, which also act as subjects of legal relations, seems to be a difficult process to implement. The very interaction between the prosecutor’s office and government bodies demonstrates not only the high level of development of human rights institutions in the country, but also points to the fact that the interaction process itself needs both legislative improvement and the consolidation of its individual provisions.

The impact of renewable energy policies on the energy transition -– An empirical analysis of Chinese cities

Amidst the intensifying global energy crisis, the advancement of renewable energy stands as a critical element in China's strategy for energy transition (ET) and efforts to mitigate climate change. This paper aims to offer fresh insights into the determinants of ET from the renewable energy policy (REP) perspective. By employing panel data from 280 Chinese cities covering the period from 2003 to 2019, and applying the text-mining methodology, this analysis initially explores the impact of REP on the ET. Our empirical findings demonstrate that REP significantly promotes ET, with our proposed hypotheses successfully enduring a series of robustness tests. This acceleration is predominantly through two mechanisms: the stimulation of green technology innovation and the enhancement of ET readiness. However, the influence of energy system performance on this transition is insignificant. This investigation reveals a pronounced regional heterogeneity in the effects that REP on ET. Specifically, the positive impact of these policies is stronger in the eastern cities of China, also in small and medium-sized cities, and cities with high levels of economic development, human capital, finance development, lower environmental pollution levels, and old industry areas. These findings provide valuable references for China and other countries pursuing similar objectives.

Towards sustainable development: Can green digital finance become an accelerator for reducing pollution and carbon emissions in China?

As a fusion of financial ''digitalization'' and ''greening'', green digital finance is crucial for ecological quality enhancement. Based on panel data from 285 cities in China spanning 2011 to 2021, this study aims to examine the synergistic impact of Green Digital Finance (GDFO) on Pollution and Carbon Reduction (PCR). The two-way fixed effect model, moderated effect model, and threshold model are employed to study the direct, transmission, and non-linear effects of GDFO on PCR. Results indicate that GDFO significantly enhances PCR in urban areas, and this conclusion remains valid after several robustness tests. Mechanically, encouraging green technology innovation, promoting industrial structure upgrading, and enhancing financial supervision are effective channels for strengthening the impact of GDFO on PCR. At varying levels of green digital finance and financial supervision, the marginal impact of GDFO on PCR exhibits double threshold characteristics in the form of "U-shaped" and "inverted U-shaped". Furthermore, the impact of GDFO on PCR is more pronounced in the eastern and western regions, resource cities, and cities with a high level of financial development, excellent digital infrastructure, and robust environmental regulation. This study offers theoretical support and empirical evidence for deepening the GDFO to promote PCR at the city level.

Nurses' Protests during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative International Analysis.

Nurses play key roles in dealing with pandemics yet are often conceived solely as "technical" experts without political agency. This study conducts the first global comparative analysis of COVID-19-related protests of nurses and other frontline health workers, with a focus on the first 18 months of the pandemic. We draw on quantitative and qualitative data on nurses' protests and protest drivers. Results show that such protests were widespread: We identify 3515 events in 90 countries, with several regional hotspots existing. The most common reasons for protests were poor working conditions and insufficient workplace safety, followed by wider social issues like poverty and racism. For most of the time period under consideration, protests demanding access to vaccinations (a rarely explored phenomenon) were more widespread than anti-vaccination events. Protest frequency was highest in countries with high COVID-19-related mortality rates, high levels of human development, and strong social movements at the onset of the pandemic. Recognising the key role of nurses as political actors would help to improve health policies and to maintain a capable healthcare workforce, particularly during acute crises like pandemics.

Features of the quality of life of first graders taking into account gender differences and cognitive abilities

The purpose of the study: To study the features of the quality of life of first-graders, taking into account gender differences and cognitive abilities. Design: An open prospective non-randomized comparative clinical trial. Materials and methods: 631 children were examined, students of the first grades of secondary schools without a specialized bias № 110, 83, 75, 67, 9 Rostov-on-Don using the international questionnaire PedsQL 4.0 – Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. To assess the cognitive development of children, the D. Wexler scale was used with the determination of the intellectual coefficient. Results: First-graders with a high level of cognitive development have reduced indicators of physical and emotional functioning, as well as the overall quality of life score. Girls with a high intellectual coefficient, in comparison with boys, have lower physical, emotional, school functioning and higher indicators of social functioning. The indicators of quality of life in children with a high level of cognitive development do not reflect the same in children who do "excellent". Conclusion: The revealed features of the quality of life of first-graders with different levels of cognitive development require differentiated medical, psychological and pedagogical support of children in this age period and further study of their health.

Analysis of the General Skills of Graduates in Environmental Sciences: The View of Students, Teachers and Employers

General competencies are crucial for the personal and professional growth of university graduates. This paper provides a critical analysis of the significance and level of competence development within the environmental sciences degree (ESD) context. The research involved surveys conducted among final-year students, faculty members, and industry employers. The survey results reveal that employers perceive the level of competence achieved to be higher than what teachers and students reported. However, all three groups acknowledge a high level of competence development for most skills. Nonetheless, certain competences such as critical thinking (CT), problem-solving, organisation, and planning need to be strengthened to better align with their perceived importance. Students tend to undervalue essential competences such as digital literacy and environmental awareness, contrary to international organisations’ recommendations. The study findings also underscore the necessity of enhancing “entrepreneurial skills” and emphasising the significance of the digital realm for students pursuing an environmental sciences degree.

Africa must create centres of educational excellence for innovation and development.

This paper explores the following development questions that perplex most Africans: "Why do African countries rely on foreign companies and foreign experts for almost all our development projects? Why can't we build our own roads, process our own food, and mine our own minerals, oil, and gas? Why don't we have world-class hospitals and industries? How can we have so much natural wealth and yet be so poor? Why do we invent so little?" The answer lies in our failure to implement idea number two. There are two major ideas in educational policy. Idea number one is the obligation to educate all children because it is their fundamental human right as enshrined in the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. Idea number two is the strategy of establishing and sustaining world class schools and universities for the education of the most highly gifted and highly talented citizens. Developed countries deploy both ideas aggressively. Underdeveloped countries in Africa have not implemented idea number two. Countries that have deployed idea number two have at least one university ranked among the top 200 in the world. The presence of great universities (top 200) in a country is a 21st century indicator of the presence of high levels of innovation, technology, development and wealth in that country. According to the three major rankings of world universities (Shanghai-ARWU, THE, and QS-topuniversities.com), none of the world's top 100 great universities is in Africa. Although Africa was a pioneer among the continents in innovations such as human language, domestication of fire, making of tools, invention of agriculture, development of writing, and creation of great centers of learning in ancient times, it has fallen behind other continents over the last 500 years and it has been disrupted by enslavement and colonization, and the structural adjustment programs (SAPs) of the IMF and the World Bank. Ancient African centers of innovation included the Ancient City of Benin and Timbuktu in Western Africa, the Kingdom of Kush and ancient Egypt in northern Africa, Axum in Eastern Africa, Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe in Southern Africa, and the Kingdom of Kongo in central-Africa. An African renaissance will only occur when we implement idea number two by establishing world class schools and at least one great university per African country.

Unlocking financial access in a developing country amidst COVID-19: the impacts of financial literacy and fintech

We examine the impacts of financial technology and financial literacy on the development of financial inclusion among the younger generation using data from a survey with 1288 students in Vietnam in the city and rural areas. We employ logistic regression and two-stage instrumental variable regression for our analysis, with location and financial shock caused by COVID-19 serving as the instruments. Vietnam is a fintech hub in Asia with the world-leading adaption of cryptocurrency and a significantly high rate of e-wallet use. The results indicate although there is a gap in access to financial services between urban and rural areas, the access rate is considerably high. Fintech and financial literacy play a significant role in facilitating this high level of financial inclusion development. Women have better access to financial services, showing the effectiveness of women’s empowerment programs. Little evidence shows the negative impact of the pandemic on financial inclusion.

Features of body balance in 12-year-old schoolchildren with visual deprivation compared to their relatively healthy peers

Purpose. The purpose of the presented scientific research was to carry out a comparative analysis of the state of functional balance of the body of 12-year-old schoolchildren with visual deprivation in accordance with their relatively healthy peers. Material & Methods. The scientific study involved 23 schoolchildren aged 12 years, of which 13 were with visual deprivation and 10 were relatively healthy. The pedagogical research took place at the Educational and Rehabilitation Center “Zorozvit” in Odessa and at the Basic Educational Institution “Vypasnyansky Institution of General Secondary Education” of the Mologovo Village Council of the Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky District, Odessa Region. The follo wing methods were used in the study: theoretical (analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature); pedagogical research (experiment and testing of the development of body balance using the Flamingo test), mathematical static data processing. Results. A scientific study found that among schoolchildren without visual deprivation, only 10% had a low ability to maintain body balance. In turn, 90% of schoolchildren with visual deprivation had a sufficient, satisfactory and high level of development of body balance. It should be noted that schoolchildren with visual deprivation demonstrate a low level of ability to maintain balance, which distinguishes them from their peers without visual deprivation.

Reaping Digital Dividends: The Impact of Supply Chain Finance on Corporate Technological Innovation in China

ABSTRACT As a new type of financial service, supply chain finance closely relates to the production and innovation behaviors of micro-size enterprises. This research thus explores whether and how supply chain finance affects corporate technological innovation. Using a sample of China’s A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2020, the results show that (1) supply chain finance significantly enhances the technological innovation of enterprises; (2) the beneficial effect of supply chain finance on enterprises’ cooperative innovation is more pronounced compared to that on independent innovation; (3) mechanism tests find that supply chain finance promotes enterprise innovation by alleviating financing constraints and adjusting supply chain relationships; and (4) this promotion effect is stronger for private enterprises, small-scale enterprises, in west regions, and for regions with a high level of digital financial development. Our empirical results thus enrich the literature, provide insights into the optimization of supply chain finance development, and can help improve the financial regulatory framework.

Профиль субъектности педагогов учреждений дошкольного и школьного образования

<p><em>An urgent problem of professional training of teaching staff is the formation of subjecthood of specialists and their willingness to form it among the younger generation. Monitoring of the formation of the stages of formation of subjecthood of teachers was carried out throughout 2022 and 2023 in the process of completing advanced training courses using the A.V. Kaptsov OSS-SV methodology. A total of 151 teachers participated in the study (M = 44.17; Sd = 4.95; 95.36% women). The studied educational workers are distinguished by the qualitative originality of the formation of the stages of the formation of subjecthood, namely: a high level of development of the “Motivated individual” stage and low indicators of the “Observer”, “Apprentice”, “Student”, “Critic”, “Master” and “Creator” stages. Respondents have developed motivation and lack of an instrumental basis for professional activity, difficulties in training and professional retraining. There is also a significant relationship between age and education with the level of formation of the stages of formation of subjecthood of teachers.</em></p>

The impact of social and economic aspects of human resource management on the innovative capabilities of the organization

Aim. The aim was to investigate the effects of social and economic aspects of human resource management to identify the necessary components, methods and their combination that form innovative capabilities in the organization.Objectives. To identify which methods of the economic or social aspect of human resource management have a greater impact on the innovative capabilities of the organization, as well as to determine the degree of development of these aspects in the organization to form the innovative capabilities of the organization.Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of a sociological survey based on 980 observations, the confirmation of hypotheses was based on the random effects model "within-intercept" to investigate not only fixed or internal effects, in which variables change over time, but also intermediate effects, in which variables do not change over time.Results. The following results were obtained in the study. First, organizational innovation capability is more strongly influenced by social aspects compared to economic aspects of human resource management. Second, there is no maximizing effect of the methods of the two aspects if they are applied equally. Third, the effects of social aspects are stronger as economic aspects of human resource management are introduced.Conclusions. The effects of the economic aspect of human resource management do not have an independent effect on the innovation capability of an organization. Therefore, increasing the level and complexity of economic methods of human resource management may be redundant or not necessary, for the formation of innovative capabilities of the organization. But social aspects of human resources management are not self-sufficient, rather economic aspects should be applied as a supplement to the social aspect of management. The degree of development of economic and social aspects in the organization is important, they should be coordinated and at a high level of development, only then there is a stimulating synergetic effect on the development of innovative capabilities of the organization. The conducted research contributes to the understanding of what aspects should be the basis of human resource management for the formation and increase of innovative capabilities of the organization.

The Pineapple as a Means to Develop Scientific Competence in the Spanish High School Diploma of Research

AbstractEvery three years, the Organisation for European Cooperation and Development evaluates the scientific competence of European students. Recent results have demonstrated that scientific competence in Spain is somewhat underdeveloped, which underscores the need to apply educational methodologies that favour the development of said competence. This paper analysed the extent to which the implementation of the Spanish high school diploma of research favoured the development of the Scientific Competence of students. The students had to develop a research project, co-tutored by a secondary education teacher and a University teacher/researcher. Both professionals offered the guidance necessary to develop a project that concerned the resolution of a problem of interest. Audio and video data were collected during the 18 months of the high school programme. These data were transcribed and analysed using a rubric designed ad hoc. This assessment instrument is a relevant point of this work as long as it can be used as evaluating tool in the Scientific Competence assessment of future studies. The results revealed that the students had to make use of their knowledge of the research topic, strengthen this knowledge, substantiate the research using the scientific literature, design and develop the experimental methodology, collect, analyse and present data, and, finally, disclose these data. The results indicated high levels of development in the three sub-competences that were explored, which concluded in a high development of scientific competence.

Differentials in Countries’ Total Factor Productivity and the Factors Influencing Them

The diminishing potential for enhancing productive resources in order to sustain economic growth demands greater emphasis on how efficiently they are used as measured by total factor productivity (TFP). Long-term trends, differences between countries, and macro-level factors were assessed using qualitative and quantitative analysis of economic and financial indicators for a sample of 74 countries from 1978 to 2022. The article confirms that Russia and most other countries have been experiencing a steady downturn in total factor productivity. In some cases, productivity has been falling since the 2008 global financial crisis because key factors changed in the post-crisis period. In particular, growth of TFP has become correlated with increasing fixed investment, a high level of domestic financial development and protection of property rights, and limitation of state intervention in the economy, as well as with following a model of capitalism that allows for a moderate level of state ownership. Those developing countries of Central and Eastern Europe that have consistently implemented market-oriented reforms have also been able to sustain growth. The increasing importance of highly country-specific variables suggests that countries are trying to make greater use of domestic economic policies to support TFP growth and thus counteract the global productivity decline observed by many economists. Although individual countries may succeed in maintaining their growth, such measures are not sufficient to prevent a global slowdown.

Spatial distribution and pedigree age of intangible cultural heritage along the Grand Canal of China

Intangible cultural heritage is the carrier of national memory and a historical witness. Exploring the spatial distribution and chronological evolution of intangible cultural heritage is of great significance to understand the cultural integrity and historical continuity. Taking the intangible cultural heritage along the Grand Canal as an example, this study carries out spatial deconstruction based on the extent of the spread of intangible cultural heritage and reveales the aggregation pattern through spatial autocorrelation analysis. Then, the historical process and the spatial center of gravity are shown through an evolution tree model. The influencing factors are illustrated via the methods of Geodetector and qualitative analysis. The results are as follows: (1) The two ends of the canal exhibit obvious advantages in the number of intangible cultural heritage items; however, the existence of a spatial mismatch at the city–county level makes the southern endpoint occupy a dominant position. (2) Although there is a high–high aggregation pattern along the whole canal, 29.82% of the counties are distributed widely with low–low aggregation. (3) The spatial center of intangible cultural heritage items from different historical periods generally presents a changing path from north to south and returning north. (4) Intangible cultural heritage items are mainly distributed in areas with a prosperous culture, a high level of economic development, and strong policy and financial support from government. Changes in the natural environment, population migration, economic development, war disasters, and canal shipping have profound impacts over time. This study provides a new idea for the methodological advancement of spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage, as well as studies on local cultural identity and regional consistency.

Research on coupling coordination and spatial-temporal evolution of hydrogen energy industry in hebei province based on R-P-D chain

In order to promote the sustainable development of the hydrogen energy industry in Hebei Province, this paper investigates the coordinated industrial coupling and spatio-temporal evolution of the "resource conditions-project layout-user demand (R-P-D)" chain within the hydrogen energy industry in Hebei Province. First, a fitness model for the hydrogen energy industry is formulated based on the "(R-P-D)" chain perspective, and a comprehensive evaluation is performed using the AHP entropy weighting method.Subsequently, coupling coordination model of resource condition-project layout (R–P), resource condition-user demand (R-D), project layout-user demand (P-D), and R-P-D chain are constructed. The coupling coordination degree data of the system are then linked with the spatial unit for spatiotemporal evolution and analysis using ArcGIS software. The findings indicate that cities with high levels of economic development, advanced industrialization, abundant renewable energy resources, and well-developed clean energy industries tend to exhibit more harmonious development in the hydrogen energy industry.

Internalization of the Investment Environment in the International Tourism Industry

The article presents an adaptative-institutional approach to determining the investment environment in the international tourism industry. The amount of foreign direct investment flows from international corporations to the tourism industry is analyzed. An integral index of the investment of investment capital (assets) of international corporations in the economic system of the country according to the high and low level of development of the tourism industry is proposed and calculated. The article concludes upon the necessity to create a favorable investment environment to stimulate Internalization of the Investment Environment in the International Tourism Industry further growth of tourist flows and infrastructure development. The volume of foreign direct investment in the tourism industry showed that these investments are balanced through a system of countercyclical regulation, which considers the requirements of the global economic system.

Nutritional quality of food purchases during the COVID-19 public health crisis: An analysis of geographic disparities in North Carolina

ObjectiveTo examine geographic disparities in the nutritional quality of food purchases during the COVID-19 public health crisis in North Carolina (NC). MethodsUsing shopper-level longitudinal transaction records between October 2019– and December 2020 from NC’s largest grocery retailer, we fit mixed-effect models to examine disparities in the nutritional quality of food purchases among shoppers in counties with different levels of socioeconomic development and how such disparities changed after March 2020, accounting for other observed and contextual factors. ResultsShoppers in counties with lower development levels purchased a larger share of calories from least healthy foods and a smaller share from healthier foods compared to shoppers in counties with higher development levels. These disparities were slightly attenuated for the least healthy foods and did not change for healthier foods after the onset of the COVID crisis. ConclusionDespite existing nutritional disparities among shoppers in counties with different levels of socioeconomic development, we did not observe a large-scale accentuation of inequities in dietary quality during the COVID-19 crisis. This pattern may have resulted from programmatic responses to mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID crisis on vulnerable populations. Future work should further explore the role of such responses.

Can place-based policy reduce carbon emissions? Evidence from industrial transformation and upgrading exemplary zone in China

The effect of the place-based policies on sustainable development has received substantial attention in economic research. In China, the industrial transformation and upgrading exemplary zone policy is a prominent example of such policies, as it targets old industrial and resource-based cities. The paper provides an early assessment of the policy’s capability to reduce carbon emissions. Specifically, we use data from old industrial and resource-based cities for the period of 2012–2019 and apply the difference-in-differences method to examine the policy’s influence on total carbon emissions and intensity. The results show that the policy can effectively reduce carbon emissions through reducing energy consumption, promoting urban green innovation and tertiary industry agglomeration. Compared to resource-based cities, cities with a low level of economic development and central, western cities, this impact is more notable in old industrial cities, cities with a high level of economic development and eastern cities. Additional analysis reveals that the policy has beneficial spatial radiation impacts on the nearby cities as well. In the meanwhile, the strategy may have a synergy effect on reducing carbon emissions and pollution. The results of this study may have an impact on how nations implement place-based policies and reduce carbon emissions.

Environmental Regulation, Foreign Direct Investment, and Green Total Factor Productivity: An Empirical Test Based on Chinese City-Level Panel Data

Environmental regulation is a crucial tool for government intervention in the field of green technology innovation. It can boost an enterprise’s competitiveness and encourage green technology innovation, both of which have a major effect on luring foreign investment. This paper first systematically elaborates on the relationship between environmental regulation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and green total factor productivity (GTFP) and then combines panel data from Chinese cities to empirically test these relationships using various methods, such as the mediation effect model, two-stage least squares, and difference-in-differences method. The study found that environmental regulation significantly boosts FDI and GTFP. FDI helps to improve GTFP, and environmental regulation can impact GTFP indirectly through FDI. The way that FDI and environmental regulations affect GTFP demonstrates regional variation. Large cities with high economic growth gain more from environmental regulation. FDI has a stronger promotion effect on GTFP in medium- and small-sized cities than in large-sized cities, and it does not significantly impact GTFP in cities with high levels of economic development or in the eastern region.