High Error Frequency Research Articles

Frequency of Inborn Errors of Metabolism among Infants with Non-Apparent Causes of Failure to Thrive in Zagazig University Hospitals

Background: Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are disorders in which there is a block at some point in the normal metabolic pathway caused by a genetic defect of a specific enzyme. Diagnosis is important not only for treatment and prognostication but also for genetic counseling and antenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies. Objective: The present study aimed to find out the relative frequency of inborn errors of metabolism among infants with unapparent cause of failure to thrive (FTT). Patients and Methods: This study was cross-sectional prospective study, which was conducted during the period from 2017 to August 2019. It included 58 cases with non-apparent cause of failure to thrive admitted at Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. All studied cases were subjected to: EMS (extended metabolic screen) using filter paper by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Urinary organic acids analysis was performed. Results: In this study, frequency of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) among the studied unapparent causes of FTT cases was 8.6%. Types of IEM diseases among the studied cases were one case for each of biotinidase enzyme deficiency (1.7%), methyl malonic acidemia (1.7%), mitochondrial disease (1.7%), organic acidemia (1.7%) and phenylketonuria (1.7%). There was statistically significant increase in complains of vomiting and diarrhea among cases with inborn errors of metabolism than those without inborn errors of metabolism. Conclusion: There was high frequency of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) among FTT without apparent cause. Frequency of hypoglycemia, positive ketone in urine, high anion gap and high serum ammonia were significantly more frequent among cases with inborn errors of metabolism than those without inborn errors of metabolism.

Using tools effectively despite defective hand posture: A single-case study

Apraxia, a cognitive disorder of motor control, can severely impair transitive actions (object-related) and may lead to action errors (e.g., rubbing a hammer on a nail instead of pounding it) and hand posture errors (e.g., grasping a tool in a wrong way). Here, we report a rare observation of a left-handed patient, left-lateralized for language, who developed a severe apraxia following a right brain lesion. Interestingly the patient showed a significant number of hand posture errors, while she perfectly demonstrated the actual use of tools. This case stressed the predictions made by the current theories of tool use. According to the manipulation-based approach, the hand posture errors should be associated with an impaired manipulation knowledge. According to the reasoning-based approach, the absence of action errors should be associated with spared mechanical knowledge. Moreover, to better understand the neurocognitive origins of the deficit observed in VF, we examined several potential brain lateralization of praxis functions. We initiated a systematic examination of VF's performance in several contexts of tool use allowing us to investigate which kinds of tool-use representations were potentially impaired in VF. Our investigation did not reveal any major deficit of manipulation knowledge. This can hardly account for the high frequency of hand posture errors, contrary to the predictions of the manipulation-based approach. In contrast, in line with the reasoning-based approach, mechanical knowledge was spared and can explain the absence of action errors. We also found that VF probably had a bilateral organization of praxis functions, but irrespective of the possible brain lateralization considered, none of which established a satisfactory association between manipulation knowledge and hand posture errors. Taken together, the manipulation-based approach fails to explain fully the deficit presented by this patient and should lead us to consider alternative explanations.

Towards Accuracy: A Model for the Analysis of Typographical Errors in Specialised Bilingual Dictionaries. Two Case Studies

This paper presents the results of research on typographical error analysis in two specialised bilingual paper dictionaries: Diccionario de terminos economicos, financieros y comerciales/ A Dictionary of Economic, Financial and Commercial Terms ( Ariel, 2012), and Diccionario de terminos juri dicos/A Dictionary of Legal Terms ( Ariel, 2012). A model of errors is described, including similar errors and errors that are repeated both intratextually and intertextually. The error frequency in A Dictionary of Economic, Financial and Commercial Terms is higher than the average error frequency in a reference corpus of fourteen dictionaries (mainly first editions). This indicates that repeated editions do not always guarantee a higher level of formal correctness. Our results also show that a high frequency of errors does not necessarily entail a high intratextual error repetition rate. On the other hand, we establish a relationship between typographical errors and the access function in dictionaries, as that kind of error can interfere with access to accurate lexicographical information and data retrieval (especially when they occur in lemmas or sublemmas).

Kajian Kalimat Efektif pada Laporan Berita Reporter Metro TV

This research entitled “The News Report of Metro TV Reporter: The research of effective sentence”. The aim of this research was to find out the description, error, and percentage of effective and ineffective sentence in the news report of Metro TV reporter. The used theory refer to some ideas from the experts, those are Keraf (1980), Razak (1986), Sugono (2001), Putrayasa (2014), and Agency of Language Development and Coaching (2014). The used method to collect the data in this research was observation method, then the data was analyzed with qualitative descriptive method, quantitative method, and agih method. Method of presenting analyzed data that used in this research were formal and informal method. Data source in this research was from twelve videos of news report of Metro TV reporter in 2018. The result of this research showed that Metro TV reporter's understanding of the use of effective sentences reach 30, 22% from 12 news reports. This is proven by the discovery of 97 ineffective sentences out of 139 sentences. The error of ineffective sentence in news report of Metro TV reporter was divided into four kinds, those were the accuracy of information 7 sentences (5.03%), stiffness 6 sentences (4,32%), efficiency 48 sentences (34.53%), multiple errors and plural 36 sentences (25.90%). The total percentage of the error ineffective sentence as a whole was 69.78%. Based on this percentage, the highest frequency of errors was in the aspect of efficiency.

ERRORS FOUND ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION SENTENCES OF THE THIRD-YEAR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH AT IKIP BUDI UTOMO

This study aimed to describe and classify the grammatical errors found on English translation sentences in terms of syntax and morphology. The analysis procedure applied was based on the surface strategy taxonomy proposed by Dulay et al. in which errors were categorized into errors of: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. The result of this study indicated that the highest frequency is errors of misformation which covers 58 errors (46%), followed by omission which covers 47 errors (27%), addition with 12 errors (10%), and the lowest is misordering, 9 errors (7%). In terms of syntax and morphology, the researcher found 17 errors (18%) in articles, 7 errors (7%) in pronouns, 21 errors (22%) in prepositions, 15 errors (16%) in inflectional endings, 26 errors (28%) in tenses, and 8 errors (9%) in derivational endings. Thus, errors in tenses are the highest frequency of errors, and, errors in derivational morphemes are the lowest.

Medication Administration through Enteral Feeding Tubes in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients: Evaluation of the Potential Medication Errors

Background: Oral medication administration through enteral feeding tubes is a challenging issue in critically ill patients, which can lead to medication error. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit may not have the ability to swallow oral medications for various reasons such as lack of consciousness, or the need for mechanical ventilation. Improving the quality of drug administration through enteral feeding tubes is essential. The present study aimed at evaluation of the prevalence of medication errors that occur during the administration of oral medications through enteral feeding tubes in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Golestan Educational Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Oral medication administration was evaluated in 50 patients within three months; demographic information, medical records and medicine prescribing information about each patient was examined. The errors were measured according to the Handbook of Drugs Administration via enteral feeding tubes. Results: Errors occurred in percentage of total prescriptions as follows: Drug-drug interaction 26%, wrong preparation 22.3%, incorrect dosage form 12.1%, wrong time error 11.6%, drug-food interaction 6.7%, improper dose error 5.5%, wrong route 3.8%, extra dose 0.9%, omission 0.2%, deteriorated drug 0.2%, and unordered drug 0.0%. In our study, it was found that most of the drugs were administered in solid dosage forms, and almost 33% of them could be substituted for injection or oral liquid formulations. Conclusion: Our study indicated the high frequency of drug preparation errors in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Close teamwork between pharmacists or pharmacotherapists, physicians, and nurses can result in the appropriate administration of medications by an enteral feeding tube. J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 52-56

Autopsy Service Death Certificate Review.

Despite the importance of accurate death statistics for epidemiologic studies and public health initiatives, there remains a high frequency of errors in death certification. This deficiency can be addressed by the hospital autopsy service. To improve the quality and accuracy of death certificates issued in the hospital and improve resident and clinician education by initiating a death certificate review process, performed by pathology residents while on their hospital autopsy rotation. A resident reviewed all death certificates issued in the hospital daily through the state electronic death certificate filing system and correlated with the decedent's medical record. When errors were found, the resident filed an amended death certificate with the state. If applicable, the Office of the Medical Examiner was contacted to investigate. The original certifying physician was then contacted via email with an explanation for the amendment. In 12 months, 590 death certificates were issued by the hospital. Eighty-eight of 590 (15%) were amended. Of those 88 amended, 41 (47%) were missing an underlying cause of death, 7 (8%) had an inaccurate cause of death, 41 (47%) failed to include relevant contributory causes of death, and 17 (19%) had major typographic errors. Of 88, 24 (27%) fell under the Office of the Medical Examiner's jurisdiction and were reported with a subsequent change in the manner of death in 23 of 88 cases (26%). Death certificate review by the autopsy service improves the accuracy of death certification, impacts resident and clinician education, and serves as quality assurance for both the hospital and the state.

Grammatical Errors in Indonesian University Students’ Posters in Yogyakarta

This study aims to investigate grammatical errors in posters published byIndonesianUniversitystudents’ inYogyakarta. The errors are classified based on the Surface Strategy Taxonomy by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982) mixed with linguistic categories. Based on the data analysis on 97 posters from 7 universities inYogyakarta, there are 201 errors found. The highest frequency of errors is Omission in terms of number with 122 occurrences (60.69 %), followed by Omission in subject-verb concord with 45 errors (22.38 %), and Omission of preposition with 6 occurrences (2.98 %). In total there are 182 (90.56%) Omission errors, while the other errors only occur less than 10%. The result shows that there are tendencies to omit necessary items rather than add, misform, misorder, or misuse items.

The value of assessing case difficulty and its effect on endodontic iatrogenic errors: a retrospective cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) released a case difficulty assessment form to help general dentists and students treat cases within their expertise or refer advanced cases to reduce the risk of iatrogenic errors. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of iatrogenic complications after the use of the case difficulty assessment form. Arandom sample of 1000 cases that received root canal treatment in undergraduate clinics during the academicyear (2016–2017) was selected. Case difficulty assessment was made for each case before treatment onset. Once the case was approved for treatment in the undergraduate clinics, the endodontic treatments were performed following the standard procedure the endodontic department of the Dentistry School of King Abdulaziz University mandates. Digital radiographs were obtained during routine root canal treatment and were evaluated by four observers to detect any iatrogenic errors, after which the data were analyzed statistically. Iatrogenic errors were correlated significantly with case difficulty (p= 0.003), and were detected in 22.1% of all teeth treated in the undergraduate clinics. Underfilling accounted for the highestpercent of errors detected (8.4%), followed by ledge formation (4.2%). Molar teeth had the highest frequency of errors, and mesio-buccal roots of maxillary molars showed the highest percentage of errors. The AAE developed asignificantly useful tool to determine the difficulty of each case treated in undergraduate clinics, and following their recommendations will minimize the risk of iatrogenic errors.

Modern imaging modalities for diseases associated with obstructive jaundice syndrome

Obstructive jaundice (OJ) is a syndrome characterized by bile staining of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera as a complication of pathological processes that lead to disruption of the bile ducts at various levels of the biliary tract. Obstructive jaundice represents various diseases with different onset, course, and outcome, as well as etiology, which implies the difficulties of the diagnostic process. Identification of a cholestasis cause and treatment of patients with OJ remain urgent and difficult tasks due to the steady rise in diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone (HPDZ) and the high frequency of diagnostic errors. The latter can lead to the progression of liver failure, as well as to the development of severe complications, which, in turn, are fatal. A significant role in detecting HPDZ pathology belongs to the radiological methods of studies, such as transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), helical computed tomography (hCT), and helical CT cholangiography (hCT-CG). However, it should be noted that, as of today, there is no well-established conventional radiological algorithm for determining the causes of biliary obstruction. This, in turn, leads to repeated or sequential inefficient administration of all possible methods of visualization, complicating the diagnostic algorithm. In this regard, it is advisable to perform an in-depth study of the Russian and foreign literature sources, highlighting the problem of an early and highly effective diagnostics of the causes of biliary obstruction in patients with OJ.

Error Analysis in ESL Writing

Research Highlights
 Although writing is an important skill, it is not easy to be acquired (Fareed et al., 2016; Raimes, 1983; Sa ’diyah, 2017). Therefore, if pupils were proficient in grammatical rules, they should be able to write better. This quantitative study aims to identify grammatical errors based on a short guided essay written by 77 Year 6 primary pupils from a suburban school in one of the states of Malaysia. The focus is on four word classes: noun, verb, preposition and article which have a higher frequency of errors. Findings showed these pupils made the most errors in the usage of verbs. This study suggests teachers to plan an intervention to help improve their pupils’ learning of the language based on a deep understanding of the problem areas. 
 Research Objectives
 Teachers can come up with practical and effective interventions to help their pupils learn the English language after reflecting on their teaching methods (Ho Peng, 1976). Error analysis is a useful way because it provides teachers with essential information on the types of errors committed by their pupils when they write, and teachers can use this information to select suitable teaching techniques to make pupils’ learning more effective (Talif and Edwin, 2015). This study focuses on the types of errors made by Year 6 ESL pupils who will be sitting for the Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) this year. This study aims to identify the types of errors that these pupils frequently make when they attempted to write a short essay in English. Teachers can plan for interventions to overcome these errors and to improve their pupils’ writing skill when they know the areas of weaknesses of their pupils.
 Methodology
 This study is a quantitative study and subjects are based on purposive sampling. They are 77 Year 6 pupils from one of the suburban schools in one of the states in Malaysia. They are grouped according to two groups: advanced and lower-intermediate. By doing this, the differences in the frequency of errors made by these two groups can be clearly seen.
 These two groups were asked to complete a writing task which was a guided essay during their English language class within the limit of one hour. The writing task was similar to the essay question in Section C of the UPSR English Language paper. The essay should be between 80 to 100 words. The essays will then be marked and analysed by the researcher. The findings are presented using three tables followed by a discussion of data. The researcher only focused on four word class: noun, verb, preposition and article. Examples of errors taken from the pupils’ essays are provided and discussed in the discussion of findings section.
 Results
 Results showed that both Group 1 and Group 2 has an equal number of frequency of errors of thirty in the usage of nouns in their essays. Most of the pupils made errors in plurality and pronouns. As for errors in the usage of verbs, Group 1 has a total of thirty-seven pupils compared to Group 2 which has only thirty-six pupils. Most of the pupils made errors when using tenses to write. They also made errors when using auxiliary verbs and modal verbs. Some pupils misused participle tense. In the usage of prepositions, Group 2 tends to make more errors compared to Group 1. Group 2 has nine compared to Group 1 which has only three pupils. It could be due to Group 2 pupils tend to write longer sentences. In the usage of articles, Group 1 unexpectedly made fewer errors compared to Group 2. Group 1 only have six pupils meanwhile Group 2 has thirteen pupils. Some of the pupils use the wrong article and some of them did not add an article before the nouns.
 Findings
 Findings show that the percentage of errors made by the pupils in the four word class is 79 per cent and 77 per cent for nouns, 97.4 per cent and 92.3 per cent for verbs, 23.7 per cent and 7.7 per cent for prepositions, and 15.8 per cent and 33.3 per cent for articles. From the findings, it is obvious that verbs is a problem for these pupils especially in the use of tenses. It shows that pupils’ knowledge in the use of tenses needs to be reinforced. Teachers should plan an intervention to overcome this problem.

Understanding Aneurysm Coiling in Practice: A Delphi Inquiry into Expert Perception

Introduction and AimsCerebral aneurysm coiling, a prominent procedure under the neurointerventional angiography umbrella, is a challenging endovascular technique requiring significant hands‐on clinical training. As part of the mandatory angiography fellowship, trainees learn and practice complex skills within the walls of the operating theatre (Angio Suite), guided by expert interventionalists. Unfortunately, training assessment is currently limited to subjective scales and quantity of clinical exposure, rather than tested objective criteria adopted in other medical specialties. In order to advance training in this field, objective methods of assessments need to be created, validated and applied to available training systems. However, a representative schema of performed tasks and events in aneurysm coiling needs to be assembled in preparing new assessment methods.MethodsA multiple‐phase Delphi assessment was distributed via Survey Monkey to the Canadian Interventional Neuro Group (CING). A total of 85 expert interventionalists were quired on their perception of the importance, frequency and severity of core steps and errors in cerebral angiography and aneurysm coiling. Participants were provided with opportunities to provide feedback on the accuracy of the steps. Questions containing feedback or discrepancy in outcomes were reformatted and resubmitted to active participants in the next phase for clarification. Once an agreement is achieved across the entire procedural spectrum, results are redistributed to all parties and data collection is completed.Results and DiscussionA total of 21 experts responded to the survey, with 13 completing the survey in full. The most important steps pertained to the aneurysm coiling stage, with the most disagreement revolving around techniques in femoral artery puncture and catherization of the aorta. The highest frequency of errors was reported during the advancement of gauge and starter wire at the start of the procedure, and inconsistent flushing of the endovascular space. The lowest frequency of errors was found to be during aneurysm coiling. Severity of possible errors climbed throughout the procedure, with the highest scores seen in microcatheter advancement and coil deployment within the aneurysm.These results identify areas of training that are exposed to the highest level of risk (eg. steps within the aneurysm coiling stage) or highest rate of error (eg. aortic and supra‐aortic catherization). The next phase of the study will reassess divergence of scores through step ranking and account for individual expert comments. The results will be essential in shaping the methodology of an Angio Suite‐based procedural workflow assessment and subsequent development of an objective training and assessment protocol.Support or Funding InformationThere are no conflicts of interest to disclose. This research was partly funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarships Doctoral Award (CGS‐D).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Inhaler training and asthma knowledge are associated with a higher proportion of patients with correct inhaler technique in young but not in elderly asthmatic patients

Objective: Incorrect inhaler usage is frequent, particularly in elderly asthmatic patients. This study aimed at comparing inhaler technique errors and their determinants, as well inhaler technique self-perception versus real performance, between elderly and non-elderly asthmatics. Methods: Cross-sectional assessment of 92 elderly and 100 non-elderly asthmatics followed at specialty clinics. A standardized questionnaire was applied and inhaler technique demonstration was requested. Errors were assessed using checklists based on manufacturers’ instructions and inhaler technique was graded as correct, acceptable or incorrect. Chi-Square Test and Fischer’s Exact Test were used for comparative analysis of nominal variables. A p value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Inhaler technique was correct in a minority of elderly and young patients, without significant differences between study groups. Only 11.1% of the elderly who classified their inhaler as easy and 12.7% who stated their technique was correct had no errors. Previous regular inhaler training was associated with better actual performance in young but not in elderly patients. Conclusion: Our study showed that in spite of regular follow up at specialized outpatient clinics, inhaler devices are associated with a high frequency of errors in elderly and non-elderly asthmatics. In addition, most patients tend to overestimate their technique as correct. Finally, previous, frequent training was associated with a significantly higher percentage of patients showing correct or acceptable technique but only in non-elderly asthmatics, which suggests that elderly asthmatics may need specifically tailored inhaler education programs.

False Discovery Rates When Engaging in Skill Versus Performance Deficit Analysis for Academic Instructional Planning

Brief experimental analysis (BEA) is a well-researched approach to conducting problem analysis, where potential interventions are pilot tested using a single-subject alternating treatment design. However, its brevity may lead to a high frequency of decision-making errors, particularly in situations where one tested condition is rarely optimal for students (i.e., the base rate). The current study explored the accuracy of a specific variant of BEA, skill versus performance deficit analysis (SPA), across different variations of the basic BEA design, score difference thresholds, and reading and math curriculum-based measurements (CBMs). Findings indicate that the ABAB design provides a reasonable control of such error rates when using reading CBM, whereas subtraction CBM required the use of an ABABAB design. Such error rates could not be controlled, regardless of design, when using multiplication CBM. Implications for best practice in the use of BEA are discussed.

ANALISIS KESALAHAN BAHASA PADA PERCAKAPAN BAHASA ARAB MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB (PBA) INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN) METRO TAHUN AKADEMIK 2017/2018

This study aimed at classifying the kinds of errors in Arabic conversations of students majoring in Arabic at the State Islamic Institute of Metro in Academic Year 2017/2018, describing the frequency of the language errors, and explaining the factors that caused the language error. The data were collected through observation, field notes, and tape recording. The results showed that errors in Arabic conversations of students majoring in Arabic at the State Islamic Institute of Metro in Academic Year 2017/2018 can be classified in three kinds of languages errors, namely: (1) the pronunciation errors, (2) the morphology errors, and (3) the syntax errors. On the kind of pronunciation errors, the highest frequency of errors occurred at pronunciation of / ض /, / ث /, / ع /, and / ذ /. On the kind of morphology errors, the highest frequency of errors occurred at tashrif fi’il madhiy and tashrif fi’il mudhari'. On the kind of syntax errors, the highest frequency of errors occurred at the structure of mudhaf-mudhaf ilaih, na'at-man’ut, and jar-majrur. The factors that caused the pronunciation errors can be categorized as the inter-language errors. While the factors that caused morphology errors and syntax errors can be categorized as the intra-lingual errors.

Identifying Seafarer's Behavioral Error by Marine Accident Type

The identification of behavioral errors by seafarers that have caused marine accidents may provide important clues for the reduction or prevention of marine accidents. The purpose of this study is to identify the behavioral errors of seafarers by the type of marine accident using the theory of Skill-, Rule-, and Knowledge-Based Behavior (SRKBB). In order to identify behavioral errors, we collected the information related to 1,744 cases of maritime accidents over a 9 year period (2008 ~ 2016). The behavior errors of the seafarers who caused the marine accidents were classified as SBBE (Skill-Based Behavioral Error), RBBE (Rule-Based Behavioral Error), and KBBE (Knowledge-Based Behavioral Error). After analyzing the frequency of behavioral errors according to the type of marine accident, results showed SBBE had the highest frequency of errors, followed by RBBE. Additionally, the frequency of occurrence of accidents such as stranding, overturning, and sinking was high in KBBE. This study showed it is possible to identify behavioral errors of seafarers according to the type of marine accidents.

Errors in the Total Testing Process in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Laboratory services have been described as the major processes contributing to safe patient care in the modern healthcare sector. However, occurrences of errors in the overall testing processes impair the clinical decision-making process. Such errors are supposed to be high in resource-poor countries, like Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess errors in the total testing process in the Clinical Chemistry laboratory of the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Hospital from February to March 2016. All the required data were collected using established quality indicators. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and cross-tabulations were used to summarize descriptive statistics. A total of 3259 samples and corresponding laboratory request forms were received for analysis. The analysis of the overall distribution of errors revealed that 89.6% were pre-analytical errors, 2.6% were analytical, and 7.7% were post-analytical errors. Of the pre-analytical errors, incomplete request form filling was the most frequent error observed, followed by sample rejection rate (3.8%). Analytical errors related to internal and external quality control exceeding the target range, (14.4%) and (51.4%) respectively, were reported. Excessive turnaround time and unreported critical value cases were the major defects in the post-analytical phase of quality assurance. The present finding showed relatively high frequency of errors, which alarms the importance of quality indicators to assess errors in the total testing process. The University of Gondar Hospital laboratory should improve the quality of healthcare services based on these findings using laboratory standards.

Latest findings from the National Pregnancy in Diabetes audit report

Latest findings from the National Pregnancy in Diabetes audit report

Study on Surface Morphology of Vibration Assisted Cutting

Vibration assisted cutting is widely regarded as an effective technique due to the characteristics of friction reversal and intermittent cutting. However, there are few studies on surface morphology of vibration assisted cutting machining. The high frequency error (surface roughness) and low frequency error (surface error) of the surface topography are obtained by the decomposition and reconstruction of the wavelet packet in this paper for the in-depth investigating of the surface morphology. The influence of vibration assisted cutting parameters on surface topography are revealed by calculating the surface evaluation parameters such as surface roughness, PV value and root mean square error. In this paper, two-dimensional wavelet packet analysis is conducted on the surface morphology of vibration assisted cutting. Finally, the influence of surface roughness and shape error on vibration assisted cutting are obtained. Through the analysis, it can be found that, along with the increase of the minor axis of vibration assisted cutting parameters, the surface roughness, PV value and root mean square deviation become larger during the processing.

Mechanisms of kinetochore-microtubule attachment errors in mammalian oocytes.

Proper kinetochore-microtubule attachment is essential for correct chromosome segregation. Therefore, cells normally possess multiple mechanisms for the prevention of errors in kinetochore-microtubule attachments and for selective stabilization of correct attachments. However, the oocyte, a cell that produces an egg through meiosis, exhibits a high frequency of errors in kinetochore-microtubule attachments. These attachment errors predispose oocytes to chromosome segregation errors, resulting in aneuploidy in eggs. This review aims to provide possible explanations for the error-prone nature of oocytes by examining key differences among other cell types in the mechanisms for the establishment of kinetochore-microtubule attachments.