High Electrical Conductivity Research Articles

Electric properties for thin films of microwave treated hydrophilic graphite fabricated by liquid-liquid interface

Abstract This paper reports the results of an attempt to combine microwave treated hydrophilic graphite (MwHG), a new carbon material that is both hydrophilic and electrically conductive, with a new deposition method using the interface between the aqueous and organic phases, the liquid-liquid interface deposition method (L-L method). The synthesized MwHG was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, and the deposited MwHG films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical properties. It was found that the crystallinity of MwHG was changed by changing the microwave irradiation time during the synthesis of MwHG. It was also found that the high electrical conductivity was related to the microwave irradiation time or the order in which the films were deposited. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the films consisted of agglomerations of particles of different sizes with pores, and the size of the particles decreased with the number of depositions.

Wet-chemical synthesis of Co3Mo3C-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions

Abstract In recent years, efforts have been made to adapt secondary metal–air batteries for practical rechargeable applications through the development of bifunctional catalysts, which are highly active in both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. Molybdenum carbides, known for their high chemical durability and electrical conductivity, are being investigated as electrode materials for hydrogen evolution reactions in water electrolysis. In this study, we found a new wet chemical synthesis of cobalt-molybdenum-based carbides. Especially, the synthesized Mn-doped Co₃(Mo₀.₉Mn₀.₁)₃C catalyst gave a remarkable activity for both oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction, showing significant potential for the advancement of metal–air batteries as secondary batteries.

An updated review on carbon nanomaterials: Types, synthesis, functionalization and applications, degradation and toxicity

Abstract As carbon-based nanomaterials have such remarkable physical, chemical, and electrical capabilities, they have become a major focus of materials science study. A thorough examination of several carbon nanomaterial varieties, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and carbon nanodiamonds, is given in this review work. These materials all have distinctive qualities that qualify them for particular uses. This work starts by examining the synthesis processes of these nanomaterials, outlining the ways by which they are made and the variables affecting their ultimate characteristics. The specific features of each kind of carbon nanomaterial will then be briefly discussed in this study, along with their size, structure, and special physical and chemical properties. These materials have a wide range of possible uses in several fields. They are employed in the electronics industry to fabricate sensors, high-speed transistors, and other devices. Their high surface area and electrical conductivity make them useful in energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries. They are applied to environmental remediation and water purification in environmental science. They are employed in biomedicine for biosensing, bioimaging, and medication delivery. Notwithstanding the encouraging uses, the large-scale synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanomaterials present several difficulties. This review discusses the importance of carbon nanomaterials by studying their multifaceted properties and potential applications in industries. The novelty of this work lies in its detailed examination of the degradation and toxicity of these materials, which is essential for their safe integration into various technological and biomedical applications. By thoroughly analysing recent experimental results, this review aims to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications.

All‐Climate Thermal Management Performance of Power Batteries Based on Double‐Layer Flexible Phase Change Materials

AbstractThermal management systems for power batteries based on phase change materials (PCM) are limited by low heat transfer efficiency, leakage issues, and high rigidity, and most of them cannot meet the needs of all‐climate thermal management. A double‐layer flexible phase change material (FPCM) sleeve structure for all‐climate thermal management is proposed in this study for the first time. Innovations in both material and design have enhanced the adaptability of the thermal management system. The outer layer FPCM achieves high thermal conductivity (4.23 W m−1 K−1) and electrical conductivity (0.95 S m−1), the inner layer FPCM achieves insulation (22.76 MΩ) and flexibility, the thermal contact resistance (TCR) between the double‐layer sleeve structure and the battery are measured to be only 0.15 °C W−1, significantly improved thermal management performance. Experimental results show that at 30 °C ambient temperature, 5 C discharge, the system reduces the maximum temperature by 14.5 °C, from 61.4 to 46.9 °C, compared to natural convection. Additionally, during heating, the system achieves heating rates of 7.0, 8.3, and 8.7 °C min−1 at −20, −10, and 0 °C, respectively, extending battery discharge duration by 32.5%, 65.9%, and 33.6%.

Properties of Wedge Wire Bonded Connection Between a Composite Copper Core Aluminum Shell Wire and an 18650 Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Cell

Wedge wire bonding is a solid-state joining process that uses ultrasonic vibrations in combination with compression of the materials to establish an electrical connection. In the battery industry, this process is used to interconnect cylindrical battery cells due to its ease of implementation, high flexibility and ease of automation. Wire materials typically used in battery pack manufacturing are pure or alloyed aluminum and copper. While copper wires possess better electrical properties, the force used in the bonding process can lead to cell isolator damage and cell thermal runaway. This is an unacceptable result of the bonding process and has led to the development of new types of composite wires containing a copper core embedded in an aluminum shell. This material has the advantage of high copper electrical and thermal conductivity combined with less aggressive bonding parameters of the aluminum wire. The aim of this study was to establish a process window for the wedge wire bonding of 400 µm composite copper–aluminum Heraeus CucorAl Plus wire on the surface of a BAK 18650 battery cell. This study was conducted using a Hesse Bondjet BJ985 CNC wire bonder fitted with an RBK03 bond head designed for the bonding of copper wires. The methods used in this study included light and scanning electron microscopy of bond and battery cell cross-sections, shear testing on the XYZtec Sigma bond tester system, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results were compared with a previous study conducted using a wire of the same diameter and made out of high-purity aluminum.

Skepticism regarding the use of carbon nanotubes as reinforcing agent in ceramics for biomedical applications: A critical review

Recent advancements in composite materials, including ceramics, metals, and polymers, have shown significant promise for biomedical applications. In particular, the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcement in alumina and zirconia ceramics has garnered attention due to their potential to greatly enhance mechanical properties. CNTs, with their high aspect ratio, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity, offer unique advantages for improving traditional ceramics used in biomedical applications, such as hip and knee replacements, where alumina and zirconia have been employed since the 1970s for their superior wear resistance and biocompatibility. This review critically examines the mechanical benefits of CNT-reinforced ceramics, focusing on factors such as CNT distribution, reinforcement mechanisms, fracture toughness, and long-term durability. Additionally, it explores the significant challenge of CNT toxicity, cytocompatibility, and potential long-term health risks, particularly their non-biodegradable and carcinogenic nature, which could limit their use in medical implants. While promising, inconsistencies in reported improvements, largely due to dispersion issues and ceramic-CNT interactions, along with unresolved toxicity concerns, indicate the need for further research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of both the mechanical potential and the biological risks of CNT-reinforced ceramics in biomedical applications.

Influence of Subvalent Twin-Rattler for High n-Type Thermoelectric Performance in Bi13S18Br2 Chalcohalide.

Metal chalcohalides, owing to their higher stability over halides and greater tunability of electronic features over chalcogenides, open new avenues for investigating properties of materials. Complex metal chalcohalides can be a good choice for thermoelectric studies for their halide-like low thermal conductivity and chalcogenide-like high electrical conductivity. Here, we have investigated the thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi13S18Br2 and utilized the concept of Fajans' polarization to describe the formation of a dimer and explained how it can help achieve high thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of ∼1.0 at 748 K. This zT value is so far the highest-reported value for pristine metal chalcohalides. The existence of subunit in Bi13S18Br2 is experimentally verified by synchrotron X-ray pair distribution function (X-PDF) analysis. The complex structure of Bi13S18Br2 having a large unit cell exhibits simultaneous dimer-cation rattler (i.e., "twin-rattler"), which decreases the lattice thermal conductivity drastically. We observed evidence of such low-energy rattling vibrations from DFT-calculated eigen mode visualizations of the phonon dispersion. The subvalent nature of accommodates an extra electron in Bi(6pz) orbital, which helps form a weakly dispersed donor band just below the Fermi energy (EF), leading to a significant reduction in band gap (0.77 eV), which is favorable for high thermoelectric performance. Consequently, we obtained a semiconducting nature of n-type Bi13S18Br2 with moderate electrical conductivity, as well as a high Seebeck coefficient. Our investigation presents the importance of fundamental chemistry in thermoelectrics and demonstrates the influence of subvalent twin-rattler in triggering high thermoelectric performance in metal chalcohalides.

Core-Shell Engineered Fillers Overcome the Electrical-Thermal Conductance Trade-Off.

The rapid development of modern electronic devices increasingly requires thermal management materials with controllable electrical properties, ranging from conductive and dielectric to insulating, to meet the needs of diverse applications. However, highly thermally conductive materials usually have a high electrical conductivity. Intrinsically highly thermally conductive, but electrically insulating materials are still limited to a few kinds of materials. To overcome the electrical-thermal conductance trade-off, here, we report a facile Pechini-based method to prepare multiple core (metal)/shell (metal oxide) engineered fillers, such as aluminum-oxide-coated and beryllium-oxide-coated Ag microspheres. In contrast to the previous in situ growth method which mainly focused on small-sized spheres with specific coating materials, our method combined with ultrafast joule heating treatment is more versatile and robust for varied-sized, especially large-sized core-shell fillers. Through size compounding, the as-synthesized core-shell-filled epoxy composites exhibit high isotropic thermal conductivity (∼3.8 W m-1 K-1) while maintaining high electrical resistivity (∼1012 Ω cm) and good flowability, showing better heat dissipation properties than commercial thermally conductive packaging materials. The successful preparation of these core-shell fillers endows thermally conductive composites with controlled electrical properties for emerging electronic package applications, as demonstrated in circuit board and battery thermal management.

A Metalgel with Liquid Metal Continuum Immobilized in Polymer Network.

Gels are formed by fluids that expand throughout the whole volume of 3D polymer networks. To unlock unprecedented properties, exploring new fluids immobilized in polymer networks is crucial. Here, a new liquid metal-polymer gel material termed "metalgel" is introduced via fluid replacement strategy, featuring 92.40%vol liquid metal fluid as a continuum immobilized by interconnected nanoscale polymer network. The unique structure endows metalgel with high electrical conductivity (up to 3.18×106 S·m‒1), tissue-like softness (Young's modulus as low as 70kPa), and low gas permeability (4.50×10‒22m2·s‒1·Pa‒1). Besides, metalgel demonstrates electrical stability under extreme deformations, such as being run over by a 4.5-metric-tonne truck, and maintains its integrity in various environments for up to 180 days. The immobilization of high-volume-fraction liquid metal fluid is realized by electrostatic interactions is further revealed. Potential applications for metalgel are diverse and include soft electromagnetic shielding, hermetic sealing, and stimulating/sensing electrodes in implantable bioelectronics, underscoring its broad applicability.

Pearl‐Inspired Colored Carbon Fibers with Electromagnetic Interference and Optical Camouflage Properties

Carbon fibers (CFs) are widely used in cutting‐edge and civilian fields due to their excellent comprehensive properties such as high strength and high modulus, superior corrosion and friction resistances, excellent thermal stability, light weight, and high electrical conductivity. However, their natural ultra‐black appearance is difficult to meet the aesthetic needs of today's civilian sector and the need for optical stealth in the military field. In addition, conventional coloring methods are difficult to effectively adhere to CF surfaces due to high crystallinity and highly inert surface caused by their graphite‐like structure. In this work, inspired by the nacre structural color of pearls, colored CFs with 1D photonic crystal structure are prepared by cyclically depositing amorphous (Al2O3 + TiO2) layers on the surface of carbon CFs through atomic layer deposition (ALD). The obtained CFs exhibit brilliant colors and excellent environmental durability in extreme environments. Moreover, the colored CFs also exhibit high EMI shielding effectiveness (45 dB) and optical stealth properties, which can be used in emerging optical devices and electromagnetic and optical stealth equipment.

Overcoming the Tradeoff of Visible Transparency and Electrical Conductance via Dual Smoothing of Dielectric/Metal Interfaces in Cu-Thin-Layer-Based Transparent Electrodes.

The rapid advancement of flexible optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and electrochromic devices, necessitates the development of high-performance flexible transparent electrodes (TEs). Dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD)-type TEs are promising alternatives to conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) due to the high electrical conductance, excellent visible transparency, and sufficient mechanical flexibility. However, the tradeoff between electrical conductance and visible transparency poses a challenge to performance enhancement. This study introduces an Ar-ion-mediated interface modification method to address this tradeoff by dual smoothing of dielectric/metal interfaces in TiOx/Cu/ZnO TEs. Implementing this dual smoothing methodology significantly enhances both electrical conductance and visible light transmittance, achieving a Haacke figure of merit 200% higher than that of an unmodified otherwise identical structure. The highest figure of merit is 0.113 Ω-1, a record high for Cu-thin-layer-based DMD TEs, far surpassing ITO electrode values. Further, the enhanced optoelectronic performance remains highly durable under severe and simultaneous electrical, thermal, and mechanical stresses, showcasing the potential for significant advances in flexible optoelectronics.

Electric Structure and Thermoelectric Performance in Cs2O Crystal

In this work, first principles DFT calculations has been employed with anharmonic phonon scatter theory and Boltzmann transport method to perform a exhaustive study on the thermoelectric properties as electronic and phonon transport of layered Cs2O crystal. The results indicate that Cs2O crystal represents a flat-and-dispersive type band structure, which returns a high power factor. In the other hand, low lattice thermal conductivity is discovered in Cs2O semiconductor, combined with its high power factor, the Cs2O crystal is considered a promising thermoelectric material. It is demonstrated that p-type Cs2O could be optimized to exhibit outstanding thermoelectric performance with a maximum ZT value of 0.71 at 500K. Explored by density functional theory calculations, the high ZT value is due to its high Seebeck coefficient S, high electrical conductivity , and low lattice thermal conductivity .

Highly conductive and sensitive alginate hydrogel strain sensors fabricated using near-field electrohydrodynamic direct-writing process

Hydrogel flexible sensors have attracted considerable attention because of their wearability, biocompatibility, and precision signal transmission capability. However, the hydrogel strain sensors fabricated by conventional printing or hand-injection methods have difficulty balancing their mechanical strength and sensing characteristics, limiting the application of hydrogel strain sensors. Herein, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide were loosely crosslinked with sodium alginate through chemical cross-linking. Subsequently, MXene nanosheets were introduced for doping, the crosslinked hydrogel conductive network was constructed, and the hydrogel strain sensors were fabricated using the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing method. The ions in the EHD-printed hydrogel undergo directional movement under an externally enhanced electric field, causing the formation of more uniform and dense porous conductive networks inside the hydrogel, and high electrical conductivity (0.49 S m−1) is obtained. These hydrogel strain sensors have excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength: 0.17 MPa at 787 % strain), high sensitivity (gauge factor: 1.54 at 0–100 % strain), and low detection limits (1 % strain). Furthermore, demonstrations of real-time Morse code tapping information transmission, handwriting recognition during writing, and human physiological behavior monitoring demonstrations using the fabricated sensors indicate that the EHD-printed hydrogel strain sensor method has significant potential for wearable devices and human-computer interaction applications.

Molecular-Level Pore Tuning in 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks for Advanced Supercapacitor Performance.

Two-dimensional (2D) electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as viable candidates for active electrode materials in supercapacitors due to their high electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, and intrinsic redox-active sites. Despite their promising electrochemical performance, their pseudocapacitive behavior via fast and reversible charge transfer reactions remains yet to be fully exploited. Here, we investigate the electrochemical energy storage mechanism of Cu3(HHTATP)2 (HHTATP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxy-1,5,9-triaminotriphenylene), a 2D conductive MOF featuring characteristic redox-active pendant aromatic amines. Cu3(HHTATP)2 exhibited pseudocapacitive charge storage with an average gravimetric capacitance of 340 ± 15 F g-1 at a discharge rate of 0.2 A g-1 and maintained a capacitance retention over 90% after 7000 galvanostatic cycles at 5 A g-1. The polar pendant amines not only enhanced capacitance via additional amine/imine redox activity but also reduced interfacial charge transfer resistance through modified electrode-electrolyte interactions. These results highlight the potential of molecular-level pore environment tuning as a strategic approach in materials design for energy storage applications.

Azatriangulene-Based Conductive C═C Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Near-Infrared Emission.

Two near-infrared (NIR) emissive π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) pTANG1 and pTANG2 are synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation of trioxaazatriangulenetricarbaldehyde (TATANG) with benzene- and biphenyldiacetonitriles, respectively. The morphology of the COFs is affected by the size of TATANG precursor crystals. Donor-acceptor interactions in these COFs result in small bandgaps (≈1.6eV) and NIR emission (λmax = 789 nm for pTANG1). pTANG1 can absorb up to 9 molecules of water per unit cell, which is accompanied by a marked quenching of the NIR emission, suggesting applications as humidity sensors. p-Doping with magic blue significantly increases the electrical conductivities of the COFs by up to 8 orders of magnitude, with the room temperature conductivity of pTANG1 reaching 0.65Scm-1, the highest among reported C═C linked COFs. 1H NMR relaxometry, temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy, and DFT calculations reveal that the higher rigidity of the shorter phenylene linker is responsible for the more extended conjugation (red-shifted emission, higher electrical conductivity) of pTANG1 compared to pTANG2.

Different characteristics of the soil in marmot habitats might be one of the factors that influcting Yersinia pestis prevalent in which than pikas.

Marmots are recognized as host animals for plague caused by Yersinia pestis infection. It is unclear that why plague prevalent in marmot rather than other rodents like pikas in the same habitats. This study aims to analyze the differences of the soil characteristics around marmots and pikas burrows to explore the soils factors impacting on different epidemic intensities of Yersinia pestis in these two rodents. Soil samples were collected from within and around marmot and pika burrows, as well as from the nearby areas not inhabited by them and Chinese baseline soil properties as control groups, in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province, China. The physicochemical properties and the bacterial 16S rRNA were measured to analyze the characteristics of soils from different groups. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using R studio. The analysis revealed that marmot habitats exhibited distinct soil characteristics, including lower organic matter and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, but higher electrical conductivity and total soluble salts. And soil in marmot areas tended to have higher concentrations of nickel, chromium, and iron, also lower levels of zinc and selenium. Additionally, the alpha diversity of soil microorganisms in marmot habitats was significantly low. Simultaneously, redundancy analysis was conducted, which showed that the low alpha diversity of marmot-soil was influenced by its physicochemical properties. The alpha diversity of the soil was positively correlated with EC, TSS, Na, and Cr, etc., while it was negatively correlated with AHN, OM, Se, Zn, and Fe, etc. These characteristics in marmot habitats, including low levels of organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, zinc, selenium, and bacterial alpha diversity, as well as high levels of electrical conductivity, total soluble salts, iron, and nickel, played a crucial role in the spread of plague. It was discovered that the unique characteristics of marmot-soils provided essential elements necessary for the survival of Yersinia pestis, including high levels of Fe and Ca, or facilitated the spread of plague. Thus, the transmission of the plague was facilitated.

Predicting Electrical Conductivity in Bi-Metal Composites.

Generating high magnetic fields requires materials with not only high electric conductivity but also good strength properties in order to withstand the necessarily strong Lorentz forces. A number of bi-metal composites, most notably Cu/Nb, are considered to be good candidates for this purpose. Here, we generalize our previous work on Cu/Nb in order to predict, from theory, the dependence of electric conductivity on the microstructure and volume fraction of the less conductive component for a number of other bi-metal composites. Together with information on strength properties (taken from previous literature), the conductivity information we provide in this work can help to identify new promising candidate materials (such as Cu/Nb, Cu/Ag, Cu/W, …) for magnet applications with the highest achievable field strengths.

Porous and Conductive Fiber Woven Textile for Multi‐Functional Protection, Personal Warmth, and Intelligent Motion/Temperature Perception

AbstractIndustrialization and human activities have introduced numerous hazards, including exposure to harsh chemicals, radiation, static electricity, and fire risks, particularly in high‐risk sectors such as engineering, rescue operations, military, and aerospace. This study presents a multi‐functional protective textile developed from a conductive fiber composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon nanotubes (CNT), crucial for ensuring personal safety. The conductive fiber demonstrates remarkable strength (17.3 MPa), high porosity (76%), and significant electrical conductivity (185 S m−1), coupled with excellent fineness and flexibility due to its dual‐nanofibrous structure. The resulting textile exhibits exceptional hydrophobicity, chemical resistance, and high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (29 dB in the X‐band), alongside a superior UV protective factor (>3000) and anti‐static properties. Notably, it possesses outstanding electro/photo thermal conversion capabilities, enabling consistent heat generation for personal warmth. Additionally, the textile responds electrically to deformation and temperature changes, facilitating intelligent applications such as motion and temperature monitoring and fire alerts. This work offers a novel strategy for fabricating PTFE‐based composite fibers with porous microstructures and high electrical conductivity, setting a new standard for next‐generation protective clothing with advanced functionalities.

Use of Ni/CNT Particles as Additive Fillers in Ebonite Bipolar Plates for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

Composite-based bipolar plates are a chance to substitute graphite and metal bipolar plates because of their corrosion resistance and better chemical and mechanical properties, but they still have various electrical conductivity properties. One of the problems is the loading of filler that depends on matrix types which will affect the electrical conductivity of bipolar plates; ebonite has potential as a matrix in composite bipolar plates because it is obtained from elastomer or rubber. In this work, nickel and carbon nanotubes (CNT) that have a high electrical conductivity will be investigated as additive fillers on graphite particles to enhance the electrical conductivity of ebonite bipolar plates. The formulation and characterization of ebonite bipolar plates with graphite and graphite Ni/CNT and their various contents are the main objectives of this research. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for identification and morphology of compounds and ebonite bipolar plates and Raman spectroscopy for identification of the type carbon in Ni/CNT was performed. Some tests such as bending/flexural tests, corrosion tests, and resistance testing for interfacial contact resistance were conducted to study the properties and optimum of the composite materials. In this research, Ni/CNT particles were added as additive fillers with graphite to enhance the electrical conductivity of fillers in ebonite bipolar plates of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells and their impacts were studied. By through-plane testing, graphite fillers were added in ebonite bipolar plates with 65-75% w/w content, achieving electrical conductivity values from 22.3 to 34 S/cm. This is still below the technical target set by the US DOE for composite bipolar plates. But by adding 30% Ni/CNT filler contents in ebonite bipolar plates at various filler contents from 65% to 75% w/w, one can achieve electrical conductivities from 104.35 to 165.52 S/cm. Only 65% w/w filler with 30% Ni/CNT can meet the technical targets such as a bending/flexural test value of 25.58 N/mm2, a corrosion test value of 0.894 μA/cm2 (I corr), and an interfacial contact resistance value of 3.09 mΩ cm2. Further improvements are needed based on fuel cell applications, as indicated by some additional data that did not meet technical targets.

Conjugated Coordination Nanosheets with Molecular Rotors for Pseudocapacitors: Nanoarchitectonics and Enhanced Performance.

High-level pseudocapacitive materials require incorporations of significant redox regions into conductive and penetrable skeletons to enable the creation of devices capable of delivering high power for extended periods. Coordination nanosheets (CNs) are appealing materials for their high natural electrical conductivities, huge explicit surface regions, and semi-one-layered adjusted pore clusters. Thus, rational design of ligands and topological networks with desired electronic structure is required for the advancement in this field. Herein, we report three novel conjugated CNs (RV-10-M, M=Zn, Ni, and Co), by utilizing the full conjugation of the terpyridine-attached flexible tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units as the molecular rotors at the center. We prepare binder-free transparent nanosheets supported on Ni-foam with outstanding pseudocapacitive properties via a hydrothermal route followed by facile exfoliation. Among three CNs, the high surface area of RV-10-Co facilitates fast transport of ions and electrons and could achieve a high specific capacity of 670.8 C/g (1677 F/g) at 1 A/g current density. Besides, the corresponding flexible RV-10-Co possesses a maximum energy density of 37.26 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 171 W kg-1 and 70 % capacitance retention even after 1000 cycles.