Higher Citation Research Articles

The right to refuse unwanted citations: rethinking the culture of science around the citation.

Logically, and by most common standards, academics would be pleased to be cited, considering it a form of recognition of their intellect. In return, especially those with high citation counts, such as Clarivate Analytics’ Highly Cited Researchers, can benefit through peer recognition, rewards, funding, securing a better position, or expanding a collaborative network. Despite known and untold benefits, one issue has not been discussed: the right to refuse to be cited or the right to refuse a citation. Academics might not want to be cited by papers published in truly predatory journals, papers with false authors, or sting papers with falsified elements that employ underhanded ethical tactics. Currently, academics generally have the freedom to select where they publish their findings and choose studies they cite, so it is highly probable that requests to remove citations or refuse citations might never become formal publishing policy. Nonetheless, this academic discussion is worth having as valid and invalid literature increasingly gets mixed through citations, and as the grey zone between predatory/non-predatory and scholarly/unscholarly becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish.

Identifying 'seed' papers in sciences

A concise quantitative method is established for identifying ‘seed’ papers in sciences. The method is set up following h-type metrics based on co-citation network analysis. With defining original-seed (O-Seed) and dominant-seed (D-Seed) by measurable h-strength and second-order h-type degree centrality, O-seed resembles to be a ‘root’ and D-seed develops to become ‘stem’. Using dataset from Web of Science (WoS), the ‘seed’ papers in research fields of graphene, genome editing, and h-set studies are identified. Graphene D-Seed paper and genome editing D-Seed paper are representative outputs of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics and the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry respectively. H-set O-Seed and D-Seed are the same paper that first proposed the concept of h-index. The ‘seed’ papers are characterized by not only high citations, but also network structure and core function in sciences.

Are predatory journals contaminating science? An analysis on the Cabells' Predatory Report

Predatory journals, which are a major concern of the academic community, generally do not properly fulfill the reviewing and editorial processes which are the most important pillars of scientific communication. In line with the principle of the accumulation of science, the papers that have not been faithfully reviewed in these journals cause a bad effect on the scholarly communication. In this study, the impact of 17 journals with addresses in Turkey in Cabells' Predatory Report (formerly Cabells' Journal Blacklist) to the literature were examined. For this purpose, the journal and article level descriptive statistics were examined for the aforementioned journals, and analyses were made for the citations from the papers published in the journals indexed in the Web of Science citation database. A total of 3427 papers were published in these journals, which started to be published between 2010 and 2015, and 389 citations were made to these papers from the journals listed in the WoS. Such highest citations come from Turkey (24.16%), then China (7.20%) addressed papers. In addition, although there are no papers in fields such as art, humanities and physics, it has been seen that there are citations to papers from these fields. This is important in terms of showing the widespread impact of science. A paper published without serious peer review in any predatory journal affects all fields of science in terms of its method, findings and discussions. Therefore, to reduce the misleading or false effect of predatory journals on the literature, a more skeptical behavior should be displayed about citing the papers published in these journals.

The Effect of Article Characteristics on Citation Number in a Diachronic Dataset of the Biomedical Literature on Chronic Inflammation: An Analysis by Ensemble Machines

Citations are core metrics to gauge the relevance of scientific literature. Identifying features that can predict a high citation count is therefore of primary importance. For the present study, we generated a dataset of 121,640 publications on chronic inflammation from the Scopus database, containing data such as titles, authors, journal, publication date, type of document, type of access and citation count, ranging from 1951 to 2021. Hence we further computed title length, author count, title sentiment score, number of colons, semicolons and question marks in the title and we used these data as predictors in Gradient boosting, Bagging and Random Forest regressors and classifiers. Based on these data, we were able to train these machines, and Gradient Boosting achieved an F1 score of 0.552 on classification. These models agreed that document type, access type and number of authors were the best predicting factors, followed by title length.

Top 100 cited paramedicine papers: A bibliometric study.

Understanding the impact different journal articles have in any academic field is important - particularly in emerging professions. A bibliometric analysis like this does not yet exist for paramedicine, despite the rapid increase in its primary literature. The objective of the present study was to identify and analyse the 100 top-cited articles about paramedicine. We searched the Scopus database in August 2020 for studies relating to paramedicine. After screening titles and abstracts, we extracted the citation count, journal name, publication year, and country of origin. We manually assessed whether the study was clinical or not, noted the sex of the authors, the profession of first and last authors and the study design used. The median citation count for the top 100 papers in paramedicine was 58 (interquartile range 46-84 citations). The articles were published across 48 different journals, with Resuscitation and Prehospital Emergency Care being the two most frequent. The top-cited paramedic papers originated from 16 different countries and were written predominantly by medical doctors. Three quarters (73%) of the studies had a clinical focus, and a quarter (26%) were randomised controlled trials. The evolution of paramedicine towards professionalism is backed up by the growth of its own body of knowledge. This analysis of the 100 most cited studies in paramedicine is the first of its kind and highlights that paramedicine articles have a high citation count and are published across numerous journals, but with a relative lack of contribution from paramedic practitioners and female researchers.

Applying text similarity algorithm to analyze the triangular citation behavior of scientists

Triangular citation is a particular citation structure with research value and application significance, and the fundamental mechanism of its formation lies in the indirect citation between Literature A and Literature C. It is necessary to dig deeply into the citation context and citation motivation of indirect citation behavior to understand the internal mechanism of triangular citation. In this paper, the text-similarity algorithm was used to calculate the similarity of citation contents between B→A and C→A in 22,536 triangular citation data, and the followers C with high citation similarity were identified. Secondly, from the perspectives of language, literature type, interdisciplinary citation, and author self-citation, combined literature characteristics and followers’ identification results, the context and motivation of indirect citation behaviors imposed by the followers C were analyzed. The results show that followers C appear more frequently in triangular citations. At the same time, due to the influence of language differences, literature types, discipline differences or author self-citation, follower C will have lazy citation motivation when citing Literature A, partially or out-and-out requote Literature A from the citation content of Literature B, resulting in a high similarity between the citation content of C→A and B→A.

Characteristics and Situation Analysis of Physician Competency Based on Big Data

Through the research and analysis of domestic journal literature in the field from 2011 to 2020, it hopes to provide a reference for advancing the competence of doctors in my country. Methods: By searching the full-text database of academic journals of China HowNet, we can obtain relevant literatures on physician competency research from 2011 to 2020, and use statistical analysis tools such as Bicomb, SPSS19.0, gcluta 2.0, Excel and Ucinet for co-word analysis. Results: There are 435 effective literatures, 16 high-frequency journals and 34 core keywords. The number of papers related to doctor’s job competency is on the rise, and the journals with high citation frequency are of high quality. The top three in terms of the number of papers published are the first hospital of Peking University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and Peking Union Medical College Hospital Affiliated to Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Through the two-way cluster analysis, the research on the competency of doctors in China can be summarized into four clustering hotspots: the research on the competency of general practitioners, the research on the competency of clinical trainees, the research on the competency evaluation of doctors and the research on the competency based training system of doctors.. Conclusion: The research reveals the hot spots in the field of research on the competence of doctors in my country, and provides some references for the development direction of this field in my country.

Documentation of plants as natural colorants by Temuan community in Taman Negara Johor Gunung Ledang

This research is about the ethnobotanical studies of the natural color used by Temuan community in three different villages around Taman Negara Johor Gunung Ledang which are Kampung Sungai Air Tawas, Kampung Tanah Gembur, and Kampung Sungai Mersing. This study aims to document the information about plants used by the aboriginal community which act as natural colorants for future references. Semi-structured questionnaires were given to the community during the interview. The plants used by them as natural colorants were recorded. The plant sample was taken during the interview with Temuan community for the preparation of herbarium specimen. It was found that Curcuma longa is the most used plant for natural yellow color by the community. Besides that, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Lawsonia inermis have high citation frequency for the most used plant for natural green and orange color. This concludes that our environment is equipped with natural resources that are beneficial to human respectively and this traditional knowledge of natural colors must be preserved but also should be disseminated to other people for greater appreciation.

Machine Learning for Mental Health in Social Media: Bibliometric Study.

BackgroundSocial media platforms provide an easily accessible and time-saving communication approach for individuals with mental disorders compared to face-to-face meetings with medical providers. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based mental health exploration using large-scale social media data has attracted significant attention.ObjectiveWe aimed to provide a bibliometric analysis and discussion on research trends of ML for mental health in social media.MethodsPublications addressing social media and ML in the field of mental health were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. We analyzed the publication distribution to measure productivity on sources, countries, institutions, authors, and research subjects, and visualized the trends in this field using a keyword co-occurrence network. The research methodologies of previous studies with high citations are also thoroughly described.ResultsWe obtained a total of 565 relevant papers published from 2015 to 2020. In the last 5 years, the number of publications has demonstrated continuous growth with Lecture Notes in Computer Science and Journal of Medical Internet Research as the two most productive sources based on Scopus and Web of Science records. In addition, notable methodological approaches with data resources presented in high-ranking publications were investigated.ConclusionsThe results of this study highlight continuous growth in this research area. Moreover, we retrieved three main discussion points from a comprehensive overview of highly cited publications that provide new in-depth directions for both researchers and practitioners.

Evaluation of accounting journals by coverage of accounting topics in 2018–2019

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the coverage of accounting topics in 2018 and 2019 by the high-ranked and cited journals of popular international publishers. To achieve this, the study provides (1) research on the proportion of accounting journals in the international publishers; (2) identification of the largest publishers by the number of accounting journals; (3) a check of the high-ranked and cited accounting journals according to the journals’ websites, the SCImago database, and Web of Science database; (4) investigation of the trend in the number of accounting publications in 2018–2019 compared with 2016–2017 by SSRN, IDEAS/RePEc, and DOAJ; (5) a detailed overview of 1749 accounting publications for 2018 and 2019 using the reference databases of such international publishers as Blackwell, Elsevier, American Accounting Association, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, and Springer; (6) a self-developed classification of the accounting topics into 14 main directions; and (7) an assessment of the extent of coverage of accounting topics by each journal. The research methods are based on a cross-sectional survey between the website of each publisher and the SCImago database, and on a bibliometric analysis of the metrics and citation impact, the number and proportion of articles in the “major” journals in accounting, and the major bibliometrics databases. SCImago, as the main bibliometrics database, was used for the first time to identify the top-ranked and cited journals. This study highlights the importance of accounting in international publications in the high-ranked and cited journals, emphasizing the actual publications obtained in 2018–2019. The results indicate that a high quartile or high international citation level does not determine the full coverage of accounting topics in a journal. It was found that assets, control, management accounting, and financial reporting were the most frequently published topics in 2018 and 2019. The blockchain technology and IFRS research in accounting were published within 2018–2019 in only 125 articles (7.14%) by 26 accounting journals among the high-ranked and cited journals with an obtained high coverage of accounting topics. This study may help scientists to select a journal for publishing or researching an appropriate accounting topic. Moreover, to increase the coverage extent of accounting topics, the analysis and classification of publication topics conducted in this work are also recommended to editorial boards of accounting journals as information regarding the least disclosed accounting topics over the last 2 years.

The Top 102 Most Cited Publications Relevant to Dental Education

Background: Growth and development in dental education globally depend on effective experience sharing and advocation of evidence-based practice, preferably tested via vigorous peer evaluation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the most cited dental education publications. The objectives were to identify the most productive entities, and the most frequently investigated themes and specialties. Methods: A keyword literature search was performed on 1st June 2020 to identify publications relevant to dental education. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Campbell Collaboration databases were searched. Publications that dealt with dental education were included. Irrelevant publications were manually excluded by the authors, and disagreement was resolved by the senior author. Bibliographic data of the top 102 entries (some with equal citation ranks) were obtained from Scopus and analyzed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer for characterization of recurring contributors and themes. Results: The top publications included 83 original articles, 15 reviews, 3 books, and 1 online document, written by 30 different authors, with 38 publications from dental journals not dedicated to education, and with an average of 5.5 citations per year. The most productive author was William Hendrickson. The most productive institutions were from Europe and the United States. There were 11 papers focused on operative dentistry, 9 on endodontology, 4 on special care dentistry, 2 on community dentistry, 2 on periodontology, and 2 on implantology. Within the top 102 list, 21 publications focused on the stress experienced by dental students at school. A multiple ANCOVA indicates that citation counts in these highly cited publications are associated with a number of authors and document types, such as “reviews/books/online document” compared with original articles (p<0.001). Conclusion: Influential dental education studies were published on a variety of platforms. Over the past 20 years, the field witnessed the emergence of highly cited reports/articles. Similar to influential papers in various fields, the number of authors per top-cited dental education publications appeared to be associated with high citations indicating top quality and high appreciation/acceptance of the articles involved.

The 100 Most Cited Articles in Zebrafish: a Bibliometric Perspective

The 100 most cited articles in zebrafish were published between 1990 and 2015, with 70% published after 2000. The most cited article received 7379 citations, while the least received only 405. The 100 most cited articles were published in 39 different journals with Development having the highest citations (n = 11,966) as well as the highest total publications (n=21). Eighteen authors listed four or more articles, while the USA was found to be the most prolific country, producing 81 articles, and having the most affiliated institutions and the top research funders. The most frequent keywords were “zebrafish” followed by “Danio rerio”, “blastula”, “cleavage”, “embryogenesis”, “mesoderm”, “notochord”, and “somitogenesis”. This bibliometric data render a historical perspective on the advancement of zebrafish research and facilitate mapping potential authors, institutions, and countries for future collaborations as well as important key topics for future research.

A review of research trends on meta-cognitive in science education within the past decade

Metacognition and its implications for learning and instruction have become a central issue in educational research. The objective of the current review is mapping the field of meta-cognitive research trends in science education within the past decade. Furthermore, this study build the state of the art on meta-cognitive and describe the possibility research in the future. This study as a baseline for further research which focus on meta-cognitive integrated with other skills. The survey was implemented as method for this research. The major purpose of surveys is to describe the characteristics of a population. The subject for this study is 30 articles which is focusing on meta-cognitive in science education and have highest citation within the past decade (year 2009-2019). The articles come out from databases ‘Google scholar’ and from reputable journals. Form of coding scheme is main instrument for this study. The finding describes that Research trends on meta-cognitive in science education dominant conducted in higher education for pre-service teachers. Furthermore, for metacognitive aspects generally focus on aspect Metacognitive Skills (MS) sub aspect regulating/controlling and Metacognitive Knowledge (MK) about strategies for science concepts in domain-general. Meanwhile, based on role, research on meta-cognitive focus as the input. The implication of research trends on meta-cognitive provide opportunities for conducting research in lower education for discipline-specific science. The further research also can assess on Metacognitive Experiences (ME) and Metacognitive Skills for sub aspect monitoring, evaluating and planning.

Multiple criteria analysis of the popularity and growth of research and practice of visual analytics, and a forecast of the future trajectory

AbstractThis study employs Google trends and data from the web of science to evaluate the popularity, growth, and impacts of visual analytics (VA) as a research field and data science technique. The paper undertakes quantitative analyses and visualization of the temporal trends, from VA's emergence in 2000 to the end of 2019. The trend analysis helps to forecast future growth in the research and practice of VA. The study highlights four outcomes. First, there is a robust direct relationship among the variables, including VA's growth on the Google trends, the scientific literature production (SLP), and usage of the published documents. Second, the SLP's growth pattern highlights VA's popularity as an emerging field with an overall annual increase of 17.4%. The high citation counts of the published scholarship indicate a significant impact and a continuous growth of the VA field. Third, VA contributes to diverse disciplines other than computer science and information systems, from business and economics to engineering, healthcare, biomedical and chemical sciences, and arts and humanities. VA helps researchers and practitioners in multidisciplinary fields analyze multidimensional data, enhance data visualization, knowledge discovery, generating insights, and make informed decisions. On the reverse, other disciplines contribute to propelling VA's popularity through research productivity, usage, and citation impacts. Finally, a trend analysis predicts sustained future growth of VA technology in research and practice to dissect and sensemaking of the increasingly massive and complex data structures, which is now the norm in many fields.

A bibliometric analysis of evidence-based medicine publications of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute of Iran in Scopus Database

The aim of this study is to identify patterns in information sharing between Evidence-Based Medicine journals to determine key evidence dissemination areas from co-authorship, co-occurrence and citation networks and to provide a scientific horizon for improving the dissemination of Evidence Based Medicine Research in Iran. And show the trend of Evidence Based Medicine research at Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This was a bibliometric study. Scopus database was used for retrieving and analyzing the publications. We analyzed the relationship between co-authorship and citation and visualized them. Co-occurrence keywords in EBM articles in the Scopus database, and developed subject charts and research field relationship. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism Disorders (GDMD) contains a large collection of information of relevance to Evidence Based Medicine and its contents are widely cited across many journals in Iran. The investigation of co-authorship network showed that 121 EBM articles from 191 authors, Akbar Soltani has the highest citations in EBM research and he is a pioneer in this subject area. The scientific contributions of GDMD to EBM is mostly in disease control and therapy. An Evidence Based Medicine Research Center focused more on these areas such as education, treatment and research, Evidence Based Clinical Practice, Evidence Based Policymaking and to improve clinical reasoning and clinical thinking. In co-occurrence author keywords, the highest publications were in osteoporosis. From the main journals that had published the most were the journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders (GDMD) .From citation organizations, EMRI contains large collections of information of relevance to EBM and are widely cited across 171 organizations in Iran. An Evidence Based Medicine Research Center scientific production contain several key clusters. With authors, organizations and subject area being the source of the majority of articles. The EBM co-authorship author’s network in Iran is comprised of 191 authors in 23 clusters in major groups, the largest and most productive in this network is led by Akbar Soltani with Bagher Larijani,Shirin Hasani Ranjbar, Arash Moayyari, Arash Hossen-nazhad, Iraj Nabipour, Ramin Heshmat ,Hamideh Mosapour,Azadeh Aletaha, ,Mahbobeh Khabaz- Mafinejad as central members. The findings shows that EBM research topics are widely communicated to other medical fields like osteoporosis and obesity and have begun to shift from Evidence Based clinical Practice to Evidence based management.

Relationship between publication indicators and citation impact indicators for publications in business, management, and accounting listed in Scopus from 2015 to 2019

Purpose: This study examined whether article-level publication indicators were related to citation impact indicators in the business, management, and accounting categories listed in Scopus. Article-level publication indicators included the number of authors, countries, and keywords, as well as title length, while citation impact indicators included the field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) at the article level and Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) at the journal level. The optimal values of four article-level publication indicators for maximizing the FWCI and SJR were calculated.Methods: All publication and citation impact indicators were gathered for articles and reviews in the business, management, and accounting fields published from 2015 and 2019 and listed in Scopus and SciVal. Correlations between four article-level citation indicators and each citation impact indicator were analyzed.Results: The number of authors was positively associated with the FWCI, while the number of countries and keywords was not associated with the FWCI or SJR. Title length was negatively associated with the FWCI and SJR. The optimal publication indicators to maximize the FWCI were four authors, three more countries, six keywords, and a title word count of 14 to 19. The optimal publication indicators to maximize the SJR were three to four coauthors, three to four countries of collaborators, five keywords, and a title word count of two to seven.Conclusion: Authors aiming to get higher citations and publish in higher-ranking SJR journals in the business, management, and accounting categories are recommended to pay close attention to design of research team and the number of keywords and impactful title length so that the publication will have a higher likelihood of being accepted and receiving citations.

Sleep Disorders Research From 1945 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis.

The objective of the present review is to perform the 1st bibliometric analysis of sleep disorders research. The data was retrieved from Scopus in July 2020 for detailed analysis. The 1st precise document about the sleep disorder was published in 1945. Till 15th July 2020, a total of 69657 documents were found in the Scopus database. Approximately eighty-two percent (57013/81.87%) of documents are published in the last twenty years (from 2001-2020). We calculated the per-year Growth Rate (GR) of publications (from 2000-onwards). The highest number of documents are published in 2019 (4337/7.90% of 57013) followed by 2018 (4249/7.74% of 57013) and 2017 (3974/7.24% of 57013). The productivity index (PI) for 1950-1960 and 2011-2020 era was found to be 100.21. We also provided the details of the top 50 countries with the maximum number of publications (from 1945 to July 2020). The top three (3) countries are the USA, with 24262 publications (34.83%), followed by UK (5566/8.0%) and Germany (4791/6.87%). We also performed the co-words analysis. Total 956643 (0.95 million) keywords were retrieved from 69657 published documents. After a critical analysis, we categorized them into different groups to show the trend in various domains. In the next phase of the study, only those documents were analyzed, which contained the phrase "sleep disorder" in the titles of the publications. Total 3626 documents were found. We calculated the per-year growth rate (GR). The continental distribution, the list of top twenty authors, sources/journals, departments or institutes, countries and research documents with highest citations are provided. By VOS viewer analysis, 6752, 36511 and 11473 terms in titles of the manuscripts, abstracts, and keywords were recorded, respectively. This may help in describing the overall trend in these publications. The present study provides a detailed list of top authors, departments, countries, sources, and top 20 most cited documents. The co-words analysis may help in describing the trends in the field of sleep disorders.

People and biodiversity in the 21st century : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Biodiversity conservation.

Fifty years have elapsed since the first publication of Ambio. Throughout this period, fundamental changes have occurred in societal attitudes to biodiversity conservation. Ambio has published numerous papers that have aligned with thesenew approaches. High citations numbers suggest that Ambio papers have had a significant impact on conservation strategies. We review these publications and find that they align well with changed societal perspectives on biodiversity. Ambio papers have called for greater contributions of local and indigenous peoples and for conservation in multi-functional landscapes. The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity built on these principles. Negotiations are now underway for a post-2020 framework for biodiversity. Ambio papers have argued for a stronger scientific basis for conservation and for the need to adapt to changing conditions and tothe rich diversity of societal preferences for conservation. International processes favor simple, generalizable approaches to conservation but we call for recognition of the diversity of ecological and human conditions in which conservation occurs. There is a need to build capacity to support a diversity of conservation approaches that are adapted to changing local conditions and to the priorities of diverse human societies.

The i100-index, i1000-index and i10,000-index: expansion and fortification of the Google Scholar h-index for finer-scale citation descriptions and researcher classification

The Hirsch or h-index continues to be one of the most popular author-based metrics, despite some of its flaws and limitations. In some cases, citations to some academics’ work are increasing at a phenomenal pace, and in some exceptional cases such as Highly Cited Researchers (HCRs), whether alive or deceased, citation counts to their work have reached tens or hundreds of thousands, with h-indexes in the hundreds. Although the h-index currently has one additional derivative index, the i10-index, which is a measure of the number of publications with 10 or more citations, the i10-index is clearly not a sufficient differentiating factor for academics with very high citation counts such as HCRs. In this letter, an expansion of this metric is proposed to include an i100-index, an i1000-index, and an i10,000-index, which indicate the number of publications with 100, 1000, or 10,000 or more citations, respectively. These three new, expanded and/or modified metrics that are based on the h-index may assist in more effectively differentiating the top echelon of HCRs or leaders in a specific field of study. The i100-, i1000-, and i10,000-indexes for 10 HCRs (Michel Foucault, Ronald C. Kessler, Graham Colditz, Sigmund Freud, JoAnn E. Manson, Shizuo Akira, Pierre Bourdieu, Robert Langer, Eric Lander, and Bert Vogelstein) were calculated. Limitations to these three new proposed h-index-based indexes are noted.

Main achievements of low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening

The objective of the study : to summarize current data on the use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening (LCS). Subjects and methods : Relevant articles published from 2016 to 2019 were searched for the following key words: lung cancer screening, low-dose computed tomography, ultra-low-dose computed tomography. The search was performed in the open databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Elibrary. 23 Russian and 778 English publications were found. Among them, relevant publications with high citation indices were selected. Results . By 2019, there have been significant changes in the methodology of LDCT in LCS, and these changes can be considered as one of the priority state areas of modern health care. The article considers the main and potential additional goals of screening for lung cancer, the parameters of inclusion into lung cancer risk groups according to the data of various global studies. It describes data on the recommended maximum permissible doses of radiation exposure in different countries and the economic efficiency of screening. In addition, the technical requirements for a computed tomography scanner in LCS and methods for interpreting LDCT have been systematized.