Highest Antibiotic Sensitivity Research Articles

Resistance Analysis Of Several Antibiotics in Samples of Clinical Isolates With Salmonellosis

Typhus is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, which is usually transmitted through contaminated food or drink, usually treated with antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotics causes various problems, one of which causes resistance. This resistance problem has become a global problem, including in Indonesia where there is an increase in bacterial resistance from 2013 which is 40%, 2016 as much as 60% and in 2019 reached 60.4%, due to irrational use of antibiotics so that bacteria become resistant to drugs. This study aims to determine the description of resistance to several antibiotics in clinical isolates of patients with Salmonellosis This study is a pre-experimental study, with a cross sectional approach. The samples used were pure isolates of Salmonella typhi bacteria obtained from blood samples of Salmonellosis patients, then tested for resistance with 5 different types of antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Levofloxacin, Cefotaxime and Sulfamethoxazolle-trimethopim) with the disk method (Kearby Beaure). The number of experimental units is 25 units, with the number of replications is 5 replications. The results showed that the five types of antibiotics were sensitive to Salmonella typhi bacteria with the highest antibiotic sensitivity being Ciprofloxacin while the antibiotic that had the lowest sensitivity was Amoxicillin. From the results, it can be concluded that the resistance test of the five antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Levofloxacin, Cefotaxime and Sulfamethoxazolle-trimethopim) is sensitive.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile in Urinary Tract Infection Patients at Tarakan Regional Hospital

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in the community and hospital. In Indonesia, the incidence of UTI reaches 180,000 new cases per year. The most common pathogenic bacteria causing UTIs are dominated by Escherichia coli. Early empirical treatment of UTI cases can reduce morbidity. Knowing the pathogenic bacteria involved in urinary tract infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is necessary to provide appropriate empirical therapy. Purposes: Describe bacterial patterns and susceptibility profiles in urinary tract infection patients. Methods: A retrospective UTI dataset between 2019-2021whom admitted to Tarakan Regional General Hospital with a diagnosis of UTI. Resistance marker data for ESBL were obtained from the results of identification and resistance using the BD PhoenixTM Automated Microbiology System (Becton Dickinson, USA). The data was analyzed descriptively. Results: As many as 40 isolates were analyzed. Consist of E.coli (37.5%), Enterococcus faecium (20%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.5%). The ESBL-producing E.coli bacteria rate reached 60%, while ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae reached 100%. Conclusion: E. coli was the most common pathogen, with the highest antibiotic sensitivity being imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin.

Design combinations of evolved phage and antibiotic for antibacterial guided by analyzing the phage resistance of poorly antimicrobial phage.

Although antibiotics are the primary method against bacterial infections, the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance has forced interest in alternative antimicrobial strategies. Phage has been considered a new biological antimicrobial agent due to its high effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. However, the applications of phage therapy have been limited by the quick development of phage-resistant bacteria. Therefore, more effective phage treatment strategies need to be explored guided by characterizing phage-resistant mutants. In this study, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida phage vB_PpS_SYP was isolated from the sewage but exhibited weak antibacterial activity caused by phage-resistant bacteria. Phage-resistant mutants were isolated and their whole genomes were analyzed for differences. The results showed that mutations in glycosyltransferase family 1 (GT-1) and hypothetical outer membrane protein (homP) led to bacterial phage resistance. The GT-1 mutants had lower biofilm biomass and higher antibiotic sensitivity than wild-type strain. Phage SYP evolved a broader host range and improved antimicrobial efficacy to infect homP mutants. Therefore, we designed a strategy for combined antibiotic and evolved phage inhibition driven by the two phage-resistant mutants. The results showed that the combination was more effective against bacteria than either antibiotics or phage alone. Our findings presented a novel approach to utilizing poorly antimicrobial phages by characterizing their phage-resistant mutants, with the potential to be expanded to include phage therapy for a variety of pathogens. IMPORTANCE The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance renews interest in phage therapy. However, the lack of efficient phages against bacteria and the emergence of phage resistance impaired the efficiency of phage therapy. In this study, the isolated Pseudomonas plecoglossicida phage exhibited poor antibacterial capacity and was not available for phage therapy. Analysis of phage-resistant mutants guided the design of antibacterial strategies for the combination of antibiotics with evolved phages. The combination has a good antibacterial effect compared to the original phage. Our findings facilitate ideas for the development of antimicrobial-incapable phage, which have the potential to be applied to the phage treatment of other pathogens.

Helicobacter Pylori Tailored Treatment in Children: Tissue Culture and Sensitivity Based

Abstract Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in the world, and it is currently estimated that approximately half of the world's population is infected with the bacterium. The correct diagnosis and effective treatment of H. pylori gastric infection are essential in controlling this condition. The available diagnostic methods have advantages and limitations related to factors such as age of patients, technical difficulty level, costs and extensive accessibility in hospitals. The eradication therapy of H. pylori infection is still a challenge for gastroenterologists. One of the main causes of failure in H. pylori eradication is antibiotic resistance. Biopsy cultures are the most widely used methods among the antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Aim of Study: The aim of this work was to determine the proper regiment of H. Pylori treatment according to gastro-duodenal tissue culture and antibiotic sensitivity. Patients and Methods: This study included 50 patients with Helicobacter Pylori Ag positive stools and positive occult blood in stool. Their age ranged from 1.5 to 17 years old, 60% of them were female. 37 patients showed positive gastric and duodenal cultures and received treatment according to results of cultures. Results: Antibiotic sensitivity of gastric culture shows that Levofloxacin had the highest antibiotic sensitivity (93.5%), followed by clarithromycin and amoxicillin in (77%) and (67.7%) respectively. But, 100% of cases were resistant to the Metronidazole. In duodenal culture, Levofloxacin had the highest antibiotic sensitivity (96.4%), followed by, clarithro-mycin and amoxicillin in (71.4%) for each. But, 100% of cases were resistant to the Metronidazole. All patientsreceived PPI and Levofloxacin, while about 59% and 30% of patients received Amoxacillin and Clarithromycin respectively. Conclusion: Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori should be tailored according to tissue culture and sensitivity.

Antibiotic resistance patterns of urinary tract infections in the West of Iran

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections. About 10% of people experience it in their lifetime. Due to the significant increase in antibiotic resistance and the unpredictability of antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens, the availability of antibiotic susceptibility testing results can be useful in the selection of the antibiotics based on the type and pattern of antibiotic resistance of the pathogen. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria producing urinary tract infection in Sanandaj, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 3126 urinary samples from Tohid hospital in Sanandaj University of medical sciences in 2017. The urine specimens were cultured on EBM (Eosin Methylene Blue) and blood agar media. Kirby-Bauer’s standard disk diffusion method was applied to test the susceptibility of the drug for Mueller-Hinton culture agar plates. The results were extracted based on the criteria of CLSL (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). Results: In the study of the samples, the results of 708 cultures (22.64%) were positive. Among the urinary pathogens, Escherichia coli with 291 cases (41/10%) was the most common isolated bacteria. According to the results of antibiogram, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed for cefixime (92.51%), ceftriaxone (52.54%) and cotrimoxazole (45.48%). The highest antibiotic sensitivity was observed for imipenem (96.11%), nitrofurantoin (91.67%) and ceftazidime (88.28%). Conclusion: According to this study, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed with cefixime, ceftriaxone and cotrimoxazole that these drugs are not recommended as the first line of antibiotic therapy. On the other hand, the highest antibiotic susceptibility was observed with Imipenem, nitrofurantoin and ceftazidime, which should be considered in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria including Escherichia coli has become widespread. Studies have shown a trend toward higher mortality, longer hospitalization, greater hospital expenses and reduced rates of clinical and microbiologic response in ESBL UTI. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determinate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBL producing E. coli isolated from UTI. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3126 samples. Urine specimens were cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EBM) and blood agar. The disk diffusion standard method (Kirby Bauer) was used to test the susceptibility of the drug on MullerHinton agar plates and results were reviewed based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. The reviewing of ESBL-producing uropathogens was carried out using Combined Disk Test (CDT) by using cefotaxime (CTX; 30 µg) and cefotaximeclavulanic acid (CTX; 30 µg /CA:10 µg) disks and CLSI protocol. Results: Out of 291 E. coli isolates, 108 (37.11%) are ESBL-producer and 183 (62.89%) are non–ESBL-producer. Among ESBL-producing E. coli, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed with cefotaxime (100%), amoxicillin (97.22%) and piperacillin (96.3%) and the highest antibiotic sensitivity was observed with meropenem (93.5%), nitrofurantoin (81.48%) and gentamicin (55.56%). Conclusion: We recommended that cephalosporins, penicillins and cotrimoxazole are not suggested in the treatment of ESBL-producing E. coli. On the other hand, carbapenems as a first line and aminoglycosides as the next step in the treatment of ESBL-producing E. coli are recommended.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urosepsis

Background: Early inappropriate antibiotic therapy for the management of urosepsis is associated with higher mortality. Therefore, to establish an adequate empirical therapy is crucial. Aim: To determine an optimal antibiotic treatment, adjusted according local bacterial resistance in patients diagnosed with urosepsis secondary to ureteral lithiasis. Material and methods: Urine cultures and blood cultures from a prospective cohort of patients with ureteral lithiasis admitted for urosepsis in our center between November 2013 and May 2016, were reviewed. Patients who presented two or more criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and positive blood or urine cultures were admitted. Antimicrobial sensitivity patters derived from cultures were analyzed to describe bacterial susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. Results: Data from 31 patients were analyzed. Seventeen blood cultures (55%) and 29 urine cultures (94%) were positive. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli in 65% of the cultures, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis. After performing an analysis of sensitivity and resistance for all bacteria in both blood and urine cultures, amikacin showed the highest sensitivity (100%), followed by 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: Amikacin demonstrated higher antibiotic sensitivity in comparison to other antibiotics for empirical management of patients with urosepsis secondary to ureteral lithiasis.

A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study of Blood Culture Results in a Tertiary Hospital, Ekiti, Nigeria

The current study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria isolated from blood of septicemic patients for improved antibiotic therapy. A three-year descriptive study was done at Microbiology Laboratory, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, from April 2012 to April 2015. Information compiled from patients’ records includes age, sex, isolated organisms and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Three hundred and thirteen blood cultures were collected from neonatology and pediatrics wards, Out Patients’ Department (OPD) and from other adult patients. Forty one culture plates yielded mono microbial growth (no polymicrobial growth), giving an incidence of 13.1% positive blood culture (N = 41/313). There were 58.4% Gram negative bacilli and 41.6% Gram positive cocci in the microbial growth. Bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 34% (14/41), Klebsiella species 22% (9/41), Enterococci 17% (7/41), Proteus species 12% (5/41), Escherichia coli 7% (3/41) and Streptococcal pneumoniae 7% (3/41). There was a (35%) higher occurrence of septicemia in neonates than in any other age groups in the hospital. Bacterial sensitivity to 13 antibiotic agents was determined by antibiotics disc diffusion using modified Kirby Bauer’s method. Gram-positive organisms showed a higher antibiotic sensitivity ranging from 14% - 100% than the Gram-negative bacteria (11% - 80%). Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species are the most prevalent organisms. The third generation Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone) and Floroquinolone (Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin) have proved reliable for management of these blood infections.

Changing patterns of bacterial strains in adults and children with otitis media in korean tertiary care centers.

ObjectivesOtitis media (OM) is an infectious disease that affects all age brackets. Aural discharge is a typical symptom, occurring in all subtypes of OM. We have compared the identity and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from aural discharges of adults and children with various types of OM, including acute OM (AOM), OM with effusion (OME), chronic OM (COM), and cholesteatomatous OM (CSOM).MethodsThe study involved 2,833 patients who visited five tertiary hospitals between January 2001 and December 2010 and were diagnosed with AOM, OME, COM, or CSOM. The patients were divided into a pediatric group and an adult group, and the distribution of cultured bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity were compared in the two groups.ResultsBacterial detection rates were higher in adults than in children with OME and COM (P=0.000 each). The majority of the bacteria cultured from patients with AOM and OME bacteria were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bacteria cultured from children were more susceptible to antibiotics (P=0.002) and had higher antibiotic sensitivity (P=0.001) than were bacteria cultured from adults. The majority of bacteria culture from patients with COM and CSOM were MSSA and pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in adults than in children, and more strains of bacteria isolated from adults were sensitive to the antibiotics septrin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin.ConclusionBacteria cultured from children were more susceptible to antibiotics and had higher antibiotic sensitivity than did bacteria cultured from adults.

Antibiotic sensitivity patterns in childhood urinary tract infections

Objectives To assess the current antibiotic sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens and compare it with the pattern 5 years previously. Method A retrospective analysis was performed on 2650 urine samples in 1997 and 2062 samples in 2002 received by the medical laboratory at the Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya from the paediatric ward and paediatric clinics. Results In 1997 there were 155 urine culture reports with significant colony counts of >10 5 for which ABSTs were performed. 111 were from males and 44 from females. In 2002 there were 278 positive cultures of which 179 were from males and 99 from females. Predominant organism was the coliform, accounting for 90% of isolates in both 1997 and 2002. In 1997 nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin had high sensitivities of 73.8% and 73.1% respectively, while ciprofloxacin and mecillinam had low sensitivities of 51.9% and 35.5%. In 2002 coamoxiclav had the highest antibiotic sensitivity of 86.7%, while nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin had high sensitivities of 80%, 76.6% and 75.7% respectively. Ciprofloxacin and mecillinam had low sensitivity levels both in 1997 and 2002. A change was seen in cotrimoxazole and cephalexin, which had low sensitivities of 40.2% and 54.8% in 1997 and relatively higher sensitivities of 63.8% and 69.2% in 2002 respectively.

Structure of the translocator domain of a bacterial autotransporter.

Autotransporters are virulence-related proteins of Gram-negative bacteria that are secreted via an outer-membrane-based C-terminal extension, the translocator domain. This domain supposedly is sufficient for the transport of the N-terminal passenger domain across the outer membrane. We present here the crystal structure of the in vitro-folded translocator domain of the autotransporter NalP from Neisseria meningitidis, which reveals a 12-stranded beta-barrel with a hydrophilic pore of 10 x 12.5 A that is filled by an N-terminal alpha-helix. The domain has pore activity in vivo and in vitro. Our data are consistent with the model of passenger-domain transport through the hydrophilic channel within the beta-barrel, and inconsistent with a model for transport through a central channel formed by an oligomer of translocator domains. However, the dimensions of the pore imply translocation of the secreted domain in an unfolded form. An alternative model, possibly covering the transport of folded domains, is that passenger-domain transport involves the Omp85 complex, the machinery required for membrane insertion of outer-membrane proteins, on which autotransporters are dependent.