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Abstract
The current study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria isolated from blood of septicemic patients for improved antibiotic therapy. A three-year descriptive study was done at Microbiology Laboratory, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, from April 2012 to April 2015. Information compiled from patients’ records includes age, sex, isolated organisms and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Three hundred and thirteen blood cultures were collected from neonatology and pediatrics wards, Out Patients’ Department (OPD) and from other adult patients. Forty one culture plates yielded mono microbial growth (no polymicrobial growth), giving an incidence of 13.1% positive blood culture (N = 41/313). There were 58.4% Gram negative bacilli and 41.6% Gram positive cocci in the microbial growth. Bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 34% (14/41), Klebsiella species 22% (9/41), Enterococci 17% (7/41), Proteus species 12% (5/41), Escherichia coli 7% (3/41) and Streptococcal pneumoniae 7% (3/41). There was a (35%) higher occurrence of septicemia in neonates than in any other age groups in the hospital. Bacterial sensitivity to 13 antibiotic agents was determined by antibiotics disc diffusion using modified Kirby Bauer’s method. Gram-positive organisms showed a higher antibiotic sensitivity ranging from 14% - 100% than the Gram-negative bacteria (11% - 80%). Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species are the most prevalent organisms. The third generation Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone) and Floroquinolone (Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin) have proved reliable for management of these blood infections.
Highlights
Septicemia is a common condition that is highly lethal to both pediatric and adult hospitalized patients [1]
Types and predominance of bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility pattern are influenced by geographical location, previous antimicrobial agents used, age, pre- and co-morbid conditions and immune status
The study will necessitate antimicrobial stewardship programs in this locale. This descriptive study reviewed the three year records of 313 blood culture samples processed in Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH) from April, 2012 to April, 2015
Summary
Septicemia is a common condition that is highly lethal to both pediatric and adult hospitalized patients [1]. The prognosis of neonatal septicemia in Nigeria has remained poor, with survival reports of 59% to 67% [1]-[3]. Blood culture remains a gold standard for the determination of microbial agents of septicemia. Types and predominance of bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility pattern are influenced by geographical location, previous antimicrobial agents used, age, pre- and co-morbid conditions and immune status. A change from predominance of Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria has occurred [3] [4]. Virtually any microorganism can cause infection in severely immune-suppressed patients
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