High Unemployment Research Articles

Green Economy Community-Led Transformation

Palm oil plantations in Eastern Aceh face a challenge: an excess of underutilized palm frond waste, creating environmental and economic burdens. To address this, a study explored empowering local communities to transform this waste into valuable handicrafts, promoting a green economic model. Despite the economic benefits of the palm oil industry, high unemployment persists, especially among the youth in palm-producing areas, with little awareness of the potential in palm frond waste. An apprenticeship program was implemented, providing hands-on training in crafting products like plates, handbags, and prayer mats. This training likely increased participants' confidence and curiosity. By equipping participants with skills before explaining the program’s aim of waste-to-wealth transformation, a strong foundation was laid. The study highlighted participants' enthusiasm and success in producing handicrafts post-training. This community-led approach, focused initially on skill development, shows potential for green economic transformation in Eastern Aceh, reducing waste and creating new income streams, potentially aligning with the region's Halal-tourism sector.

A Survey Based Analysis: Labor-Market with Young Workforce or Adequate Governmental Policies? Key attributes of Person-Job Fit in Kosovo

The synergy of Person-Job fit has long been an important construct within the labor market in developed, but more so in developing countries. Personality attributes comprise a psychology framework, which can predict and explain human behavior. Nevertheless Person-Job fit is moderated by contextual contingency. In this vein, the question of how personality attributes interact with job-related indicators such as job performance continue to acquire scholars’ attention. Consequently, this research aims to answer this question, by applying a survey-based analysis in Kosovo, to identify key personality attributes impacting Person-Job fit. Kosovo has a huge dividend of a young work-force, which has been found as an instrument mitigating the gap of Person-Job fit, considering the high rate of unemployment. The research approaches two methods in verifying the impact of personality attributes on job related competences, based on survey data, a) first it presents the empirical evidence analysis, and b) validates the statistical significance of personality characteristics to the job-related tasks, applying a General Linear Model-Multivariate Testing Simulation (GLM-MVA). Both methods confirm the significant correlations of attitudes and perceptions having an impact on the daily job performance, however with a mitigating role of the contextual indicators. The findings show that more than a half of the working force declare that they fit to their job, which in an analysis perspective has two reasons: 1) the unemployment rate, and 2) the young work-force rate. Both aspects shape the inner personal perceptions of having a job and the way they perform at the job. However, within sector analysis, there is a discrepancy between the private and public sector, making the latter more compatible for the working force. This is justified by the fact that in Kosovo the public sector makes people feel more secure about their job, therefore showing a higher rate of satisfaction. At the end, the research adds some key policy reflections, attributed to dimensions, such as: educational reform system, and the fragile governmental policies addressing employment in Kosovo, to help construct a stable framework of Person- Job fit.

The Determinants of Profitability of Western Balkan Countries Commercial Banks: A panel Data Approach

Commercial banks are considered to be important contributors to the country’s financial system and economic development. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of various factors on commercial banks’ profitability. Moreover, the study compares and analyzes the main determinants of the banks’ profitability in Western Balkan (WB) countries. The sample size includes all commercial banks in WB countries, covering the period 2010–2020. The collected data provides information about the two main measurements used to determine a bank’s performance: 1) return on assets (ROA) and 2) return on equity (ROE), which in our study were used as indicators varying from non-performing loans, the number of banks, real gross domestic product growth, the unemployment rate, and consumer price inflation (percent, period average). The estimated regression models with panel data revealed that real GDP growth, the unemployment rate, and inflation are positively correlated and significantly determine the bank’s performance. While two other factors (non-performing loans and the number of banks) were negatively associated with the performance of banks. Since the determining factors of external and internal profitability turn out to be almost the same for all the countries of the Western Balkans, during the observed period of 2010– 2020, the number of cases of non-performing loans was much higher in other countries of the region than in Kosovo. Once again, the banking system in Kosovo, unlike other countries, has scored ROE performance indicators that are almost three times higher than the average of the countries in the region. On the other hand, Kosovo has the highest unemployment rate in the region. While the weakest ROE performance was in Montenegro, which was improving year after year. Our findings have several important implications for policymakers and regulators, especially in Kosovo.

Boosting Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product with Digital Marketing

The most transformative and impactful force in the global socioeconomic landscape including Nigeria is digital marketing. This study analysed the challenges, opportunities, and benefits of digital marketing in job creation in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Secondary data which were collected from relevant ministries, departments, and agencies were used for the study. This study exposed the important components of digital marketing against the socioeconomic situation in the country. The study checked mobile usage, the present challenges, and opportunities for digital marketing with its impact in Nigeria. Through relevant digital campaigns, the relationship between digital marketing and job creation opportunities in Nigeria were analysed. The study confirmed that there is a great gap between the required job skills and available job skills; hence, the high rate of unemployment in the country. The study concluded that digital marketing is a good foundation for an improvement in job skills, and job employability through improved school curricula, teaching methods, and soft skills. Therefore, increased job skills will boost employment and productivity within and outside Nigeria, thereby boosting the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the short run and long run.

Impact of labour income in gross value added on migrations in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The transition countries of Southeast Europe, especially the countries of theWestern Balkans, have achieved modest economic growth rates since the beginningof the transition process. High unemployment rates, relatively high externalimbalances, and rising external debt are common for the entire region. This paperwill explain the impact of a decrease in the share of labour income in total grossvalue added on the increased outflow of the working-age population. The subjectof a specific analysis is the increase in inequality and the consequences ofdifferences in income on the economy and society of the country will be explainedIncreasing inequality in Bosnia and Herzegovina is measured by a significantdecrease in the share of labour income in total gross value added in Bosnia andHerzegovina affects the outflow of the working-age population abroad.

Анализ причин безработицы и ее негативные последствия в современном Казахстане

This article examines the essence of unemployment, the factors influencing its emergence as a socio-economic phenomenon. The relevance of this study lies in the growing need to create effective measures for the use of labor resources. Meanwhile, the consequences of unemployment are: a slowdown in growth rates, loss of necessary qualifications among the working population, as well as deprivation of livelihoods, a decrease in the level and quality of life of the country's population. Without timely resolution, these consequences can lead to instability both among a separate group of people and among the entire population. Based on the analysis, an assessment of the unemployment rate in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2019 to 2022 is given. The main causes of unemployment have been identified. The unemployment rate at the regional level is analyzed, regions with high and low unemployment levels are identified. It should be noted that the lack of employment of the country's population and unemployment leads to economic and social costs. The non-working state of able-bodied citizens and, therefore, unproduced products are a direct negative result of unemployment. If the country's economy is unable to meet the needs of the labor market, then the opportunity to produce goods and services is accordingly lost.

Personal values and entrepreneurship: does the unemployment rate matter?

PurposeThe study responds to the calls for multilevel approaches in entrepreneurship research and seeks to answer whether the relationships between personal values and entrepreneurship remain stable across different economic conditions, using the unemployment rate as a moderator. It pays attention to the solo self-employed and women, as these groups are particularly vulnerable when crises occur.Design/methodology/approachWe use Schwartz's theory of human values, which has been understudied in entrepreneurship and follow a correlational research design with micro and macro variables. Multilevel logistic regression is applied to the data from the large sample of 151,032 individuals participating in six waves of the European Social Survey. Solo self-employed are distinguished from those employing others, and analyses are run separately for men and women to understand gender differences.FindingsThe findings show that self-direction and achievement are positively, and benevolence and security negatively related to entrepreneurship. The high unemployment rate lowers the positive relationships with self-direction and achievement and mitigates the negative relationship with security, but only for the solo self-employed and not for employers. Results mostly hold for both genders.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suggests that security-related values should not be omitted from entrepreneurship research focused on entrepreneurs' values. It also emphasizes the need to distinguish between various subgroups of entrepreneurs and their motivation, which is important for efficient active labor market policies.Originality/valueThe study utilizes multilevel analyses that account for individual- and country-level influences on entrepreneurial activity. It contributes to understanding how economic context influences value salience and supports the applicability of Schwartz's theory of human values in entrepreneurship.

Designing Entrepreneurial Intention with Personal Values Using Soft Systems Methodology-Based Action Research

The employment landscape in Indonesia is increasingly intricate and demands serious attention. Persistently high unemployment rates, coupled with a lower entrepreneurship ratio compared to other Southeast Asian nations, underscore the urgency for initiatives addressing entrepreneurial intention. Establishing an entrepreneurial intention program, anchored in personal values considerations, is imperative to align policies with community needs and ensure effective implementation. This study endeavors to craft entrepreneurial intentions intertwined with personal values, aimed at bolstering the entrepreneurial aspirations of both students and the broader community. The development of such a program involves a series of human activities ideally suited for analysis through soft systems methodology (SSM). Leveraging SSM, this study puts forth recommendations advocating for synergistic collaboration among the government, universities, entrepreneurs, and banking sectors. The objective is to devise a branding strategy for entrepreneurship, positioning it as an avenue for self-development and practical training enhancement through digital platforms. Effective implementation of this proposed program hinges on collaboration and synergistic communication among all stakeholders. It is essential for each entity involved to contribute collaboratively towards the seamless execution of this initiative.

Proyeksi Penduduk Terhadap Kondisi Ketenagakerjaan Di Kota Kupang Dalam Menghadapi Bonus Demografi Tahun 2025 – 2030

This study aims to project the number and pyramid of population and employment conditions of Kupang City in facing the demographic bonus in 2025-2030. Population projection is done using the spectrum application and employment conditions are seen based on the availability and absorption of labor. The results showed that there was an increase in population in Kupang during 2025-2030 with a stationary population pyramid. The demographic bonus experienced by Kupang City has an impact on existing labor conditions, namely the availability of a potential workforce. However, unemployment remains a concern for the Kupang government. The existing business sectors in Kupang City in 2025-2030 are not able to keep up with the availability of labor, leading to high unemployment in 2025-2030.

Unemployment Hysteresis in African Oil Exporting Countries: Evidence from Fourier Unit Root Test

This study investigates the stochastic properties of unemployment rate in top ten African oil exporting countries, by examining whether the high unemployment rate in these countries are mean reverting or non-stationary. Using annual data spanning between 1991 and 2023, the study employs a battery of unit root tests, namely, Classical ADF, Fourier ADF (FADF), ADF with Structural Break (ADF-SB) and Fourier ADF with Structural Break (FADF-SB) to test which of the hypothesis of unemployment (natural rate hypothesis, hysteresis hypothesis and structural slump hypothesis) do the unemployment behaviours in African oil exporting countries actually belong to. Findings from the study reveal the superior functionality of FADF-SB over the other unit root tests, stemming from the ability of the ADF model laced with both Fourier and Structural Break to revert the high unemployment rates of all the reviewed countries to equilibrium. Based on the findings in this study, it is therefore concluded that the characteristics of unemployment rate in African oil exporting countries align with and support the structural slump hypothesis of unemployment and thereby recommended that the structural factors should be modelled in the unemployment trend of their economies.

Emergency Medical Services Encounters for Firearm Injuries - 858 Counties, United States, January 2019-September 2023.

Firearm-related deaths and injuries have increased in recent years. Comprehensive and timely information on firearm injuries and the communities and geographic locations most affected by firearm violence is crucial for guiding prevention activities. However, traditional surveillance systems for firearm injury, which are mostly based on hospital encounters and mortality-related data, often lack information on the location where the shooting occurred. This study examined annual and monthly rates of emergency medical services (EMS) encounters for firearm injury per 100,000 total EMS encounters during January 2019-September 2023 in 858 counties in 27 states, by patient characteristics and characteristics of the counties where the injuries occurred. Overall, annual rates of firearm injury EMS encounters per 100,000 total EMS encounters ranged from 222.7 in 2019 to 294.9 in 2020; rates remained above prepandemic levels through 2023. Rates were consistently higher among males than females. Rates stratified by race and ethnicity were highest among non-Hispanic Black or African American persons; rates stratified by age group were highest among persons aged 15-24 years. The greatest percentage increases in annual rates occurred in urban counties and in counties with higher prevalence of severe housing problems, higher income inequality ratios, and higher rates of unemployment. States and communities can use the timely and location-specific data in EMS records to develop and implement comprehensive firearm injury prevention strategies to address the economic, social, and physical conditions that contribute to the risk for violence, including improvements to physical environments, secure firearm storage, and strengthened social and economic supports.

Effects of infant bronchiolitis on family life.

Bronchiolitis is a respiratory infection of viral origin and is often linked to syncytial respiratory virus. It is the most frequent cause of hospitalisation in children aged under 2 years and sometimes requires transfer to intensive care. Infectious complications may also arise in the short term, and longer-term progression towards asthma is also possible. The occurrence of bronchiolitis in children may affect families in different ways, and may have psychological, organisational, employment-related, and possibly financial consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the familial and socioeconomic repercussions of bronchiolitis in infants. Parents with a child with bronchiolitis between January 2021 and May 2022, who were registered at the site of the Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (Mpedia site) or at the site of the Malin Programme, which serves families experiencing financial difficulties, were included in the study. All parents consenting to participate in the study. A total of 2,059 valid questionnaires were retrieved: 1,318 (64%) were obtained from parents through the Mpedia website and 741 (36%) were obtained through the Malin Programme. Parents associated with the Malin Programme had more children, as well as higher rates of unemployment and financial difficulties, and required greater medical assistance. Hospitalisation was necessary in 37% of cases and was comparable between groups. During the illness, moderate to severe anxiety was present in 73% of parents; this percentage rose to 87% if the child required hospitalisation. Many parents reported effects on daily home (84%) and work life (90%), and 60% had taken a leave of absence from work. Beyond the immediate or longer-term medical consequences of bronchiolitis in infants, the illness affects families in multiple ways and can lead to anxiety, as well as changes in day-to-day home and work life. Physicians should have greater awareness of these consequences and should strive to decrease their impact.

The experiences and outcomes of Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller pregnant people in pregnancy: A scoping review.

Within Europe, Roma, Gypsy, and Traveller groups have been marginalized and discriminated against by larger society. Persecution and displacement have resulted in high rates of unemployment, reduced access to education, and poorer health, with significantly increased risk of poverty compared with the general population. In pregnancy, there appears to be a gap in the literature surrounding the experiences and outcomes of pregnant people within these ethnic groups. The aim of this study was therefore to scope published research, specifically questioning "What is the experience of Roma Gypsy and Traveller pregnant people who access maternity care?" and "What are the obstetric outcomes within these groups?" This review followed frameworks proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, Levac, and the Joanna Brigg's Institute. The PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool was used. The search strategy and specific terms were chosen using the population-concepts-context framework. Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently by two reviewers. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to set clear guidance for reviewers to identify appropriate studies. Five electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE [OVID] Web of Science and SCOPUS). A charting form was developed to record key characteristics systematically and uniformly from the studies. Five themes were identified: systemic issues, antenatal care, complications of pregnancy, birth experience, and postnatal care. Systemic issues included racism, barriers to care, and adapted antenatal care. Antenatal issues included teenage pregnancy, smoking, risk of venous thrombus embolism, dietary issues, risk of communicable diseases, domestic violence, and mental health concerns. Increased risks of congenital abnormalities, growth restriction, premature labor, and perinatal and early childhood mortality were identified. For Roma women, negative birth experiences were reported, whereas the experiences of Traveller women varied. The findings identified in this study serve to create a framework upon which healthcare providers can tailor the way in which pregnant people from a Roma, Gypsy, or Irish Traveller background are cared for. Using such a framework would hopefully begin to reduce the systematic marginalization and discrimination of these minorities.

The Impact of Economic Inflation on Interpersonal Relationships among Employees in the Information Technology Industry

In recent years, the economy has experienced inflation and a higher unemployment rate, causing concerns about job security. In the information technology industry, employees face the problem of unemployment, leading to increased competition and potentially strained relationships. This research aims to understand how the high unemployment rates caused by economic inflation impact interpersonal relationships to intervene in advance to create a healthy working atmosphere. This case aims to explore the impact of economic inflation on interpersonal relationships in the information technology industry. It will explore how inflation affects working conditions and relationships among employees and identify potential challenges. The research will focus on factors such as job satisfaction, stress, communication, and collaboration and recommend interventions to mitigate strained relationships. The case would analyze the influence of economic influence on the unemployment rate, the impacts of changing working circumstances on interpersonal relationships between employees, and potential challenges and problems of changes in interpersonal relationships caused by the high unemployment rate. Some suggestions related to communication means, support programs, and positive culture are also provided.

Big data insights into urban park use in the pandemic: Changes in visitation patterns and exacerbated social inequalities in the U.S.

Urban parks are essential to maintaining healthy, livable, and sustainable cities. It is vital to ensure urban parks serve the communities equally, particularly during the pandemic and for traditionally disadvantaged groups. This study examined how the COVID-19 pandemic changed urban dwellers' visitation patterns to urban parks and assessed whether the pandemic exacerbated the inequalities of urban park access among different sociodemographic groups in the U.S. We investigated urban dwellers' visitation patterns from two aspects (origin and destination) and used a big data approach by integrating mobility data from mobile devices, remote sensing/geospatial data, socioeconomic data, etc. This study found urban dwellers preferred visiting urban parks that were remoter, larger, greener, less crowded, less noisy, and with less human activities during the pandemic (i.e., 2020 and 2021) vs. pre-pandemic (i.e., 2019). Our results also highlighted that the pandemic exacerbated social inequalities in urban park access. The urban dwellers from block groups with higher percentages of racial/ethnic minorities, higher unemployment and poverty rates, and lower income were more negatively influenced by the pandemic and became less likely to visit urban parks. More importantly, such social inequalities further increased in 2021 compared with the early pandemic period of 2020.

The impact of unemployment on alcohol consumption: A panel data analysis

Several books and articles published in the last few decades have looked at how alcohol use has affected the job market globally. This study attempted to determine how specific labour market shocks (such as losing a job) influence alcohol intake on an individual level to clarify the existing research. We went deeper into the subject of whether or not losing one's job increases the likelihood of alcohol abuse. We estimated models with fixed effects using panel data at the individual level from the National Income Dynamic Survey's Waves 1 and 5. (NIDS) to account for possible omitted variable bias. We calculated the gender-specific impacts of alterations in work status on the total intake of alcohol, occurrences of binge drinking and the diagnosis of alcohol addiction and dependency. The results consistently demonstrate a favorable and substantial impact of unemployment on drinking habits and these findings remain strong even when subjected to various robustness tests. The study concludes that being unemployed for more than a year causes people to consume less alcohol, perhaps as a result of financial stress. It is impossible to determine a precise cause-and-effect link but high unemployment rates may contribute to mental health problems including stress and depression which might be detrimental to public health. It is advisable to take into account the individual expenses and consequences related to alcohol consumption when making fiscal policy decisions aimed at boosting the economy particularly during economic recessions.

Do income tax incentives for job creation targeting young workers in SMEs stimulate employment? Evidence from South Korea

Faced with high unemployment and labor mismatches, many countries have mainly focused on stimulating labor demand through job creation policies. However, empirical evidence regarding their effectiveness is mixed, while the impact of labor supply-side policies remains underexplored. This study fills the gap by assessing the effectiveness of a labor supply-side policy—the Job Creation Income Tax Credit in Korea—which provides tax incentives for workers under 35 employed in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Using event-study and difference-in-differences models with national survey data from 2016 to 2019, we find insignificant effects on overall SME employment among individuals aged 32–34. While no significant effects are observed on regular workers, only low-educated male SME workers ineligible for the credit transition to eligible temporary SME jobs. These findings highlight that modest tax credits are ineffective in promoting employment for highly educated young individuals due to their high reservation wages and inelastic labor supply.

Determinan Tingkat Pengangguran : Peran Infasi dan Upah Minimum Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2009 Sampai 2023

High unemployment has become a significant issue in the province, which has great economic potential but faces challenges in reducing unemployment. In this analysis, economic and employment data of North Sumatra Province during the period were used to understand the relationship between inflation, minimum wage, and unemployment rate. The results of the analysis show that inflation has a significant influence on the unemployment rate in North Sumatra Province. High inflation can reduce people's purchasing power and create uncertainty in the labor market. In addition, the study also found that the minimum wage plays an important role in influencing the unemployment rate. Setting a minimum wage that is unbalanced or too high compared to labor productivity can limit the growth of new jobs.

The long-run effects of recessions on fertility

AbstractUsing large repeated cross-sections and a cohort-based econometric approach, this paper produces evidence that women who finish their formal education during periods of high unemployment have significantly, and persistently, lower fertility compared to women who graduate during more favorable economic conditions. In terms of magnitude, a woman who graduates into a market with a 3 percentage point higher unemployment rate experiences an approximate 14% reduction in birth probabilities about a half-decade later. The long-recognized negative effects of unemployment on marriage explain, at most, 30% of that reduction in fertility. Rather, graduating into high unemployment appears to exert its own influence on fertility, separate from its effect on marriage.

Impact of skills development on youth unemployment: A fractional‐order mathematical model

The global impact of high unemployment rates has significant economic and social consequences. To overcome this, various skill development programs are initiated by governments of developing countries. But the problem of unemployment is still increasing day by day. So, there is a pressing necessity to revise the current policies and models. Therefore, this research proposes a fractional‐order mathematical model that examines the impact of various skill development programs for youths. The proposed model incorporates fractional‐order differential equations to capture the complex dynamics of unemployment. The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of training programs aimed at enhancing the abilities of unemployed individuals, with the ultimate goal of reducing the overall unemployment rate. The reproduction number is calculated using the next‐generation matrix approach, which is crucial for both the existence and stability analysis of the equilibria. When the reproduction number is less than 1, the employment‐free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable. The employment‐persistence equilibrium point emerges only when the reproduction number exceeds one. We also explore the possibility of transcritical bifurcation and investigate the impact of skill development on the unemployment rate. We conduct numerical simulations to validate our analytical findings, further supporting our qualitative conclusions. These simulations help illustrate the unemployment dynamics and confirm the stability and behavior of the equilibrium points predicted by the mathematical model.