High Stability Research Articles

Rescue RM/CS-AKI by blocking strategy with one-dose anti-myoglobin RabMAb

Rhabdomyolysis or Crush syndrome-related AKI (RM/CS-AKI) has high mortality, and there is no effective early on-site treatment method. The critical pathogenic factor of RM/CS-AKI is the excessive free myoglobin (Mb) in blood circulation. Here, based on the concept of creating a “mobile barrier”, we develop an anti-Mb rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabMAb) with high specificity, affinity, stability, and broad species reactivity. A single dose of anti-Mb RabMAb injection is sufficient for emergency rescue in both homologous and heterologous RM/CS-AKI male animal models. The main goal of blocking the passage of free Mb through the glomerular filtration barrier has been achieved by using the anti-Mb RabMAb, which has a long-term stable therapeutic effect within 14 days and promotes phagocytosis of Mb. The optimal administration strategy, pharmacokinetic analysis, toxicity evaluation for anti-Mb RabMAb, and the distribution of its immune complexes in RM/CS-AKI mice are investigated. Thus, we develop effective prevention and control strategies for RM/CS-AKI.

Flame retardancy and durability of cotton fabric modified with high-efficiency diboraspiro rings groups flame retardant.

The synthesis of highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardants through the synergistic interaction of boron, phosphorus and nitrogen is becoming a new research direction. In this study, N-DBSPA, a flame retardant with high flame retardancy, high thermal stability and high efficiency, was prepared by the reaction between pentaerythritol borate and amino trimethylene phosphate, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the modified cotton fabric increased from 18 % to 44.7 % at a weight gain (WG) of 20.4 %. After 50 wash cycles (LCs), it still reached 34.2 % and passed the Vertical Flame Test (VFT), indicating good flame retardancy and wash resistance. Cone Calorimetry Test (CCT) showed a 90.2 % reduction in Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR) and a 32.9 % reduction in Total Heat Release (THR). The thermogravimetric test (TG) showed an increase in the charring residue of cotton fabrics from 10.9 % to 36.2 % at 750 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Finally, the flame retardant mechanism of the modified cotton fibers was speculated from the condensed phase and gas phase, respectively.

Development of PFAS-Free Locally Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for High-Energy Lithium and Aluminum Metal Batteries.

ConspectusLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on graphite anodes are a widely used state-of-the-art battery technology, but their energy density is approaching theoretical limits, prompting interest in lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) that can achieve higher energy density. In addition, the limited availability of lithium reserves raises supply concerns; therefore, research on postlithium metal batteries is underway. A major issue with these metal anodes, including lithium, is dendritic formation and insufficient reversibility, which leads to safety risks due to short circuits and the use of flammable electrolytes.Ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs), composed of metal salts and ionic liquids, offer a safer alternative due to their nonflammable nature and high thermal stability. Moreover, they can enable high Coulombic efficiency (CE) for lithium metal anodes (LMAs) and allow reversible stripping/plating of various post-lithium metals for battery application, e.g., aluminum metal batteries (AMBs). Despite these advantages, ILEs suffer from high viscosity, which impairs ion transport and wettability. To resolve these challenges, researchers have developed locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes (LCILEs) by adding low-viscosity nonsolvating cosolvents, e.g., hydrofluoroether, to ILEs. These cosolvents do not coordinate with cationic charge carriers, thereby reducing viscosity and improving ion transport without compromising the compatibility of electrolytes with metal anodes. However, due to the inherent difference of molecular organic solvents and ionic liquids full of charged species, the most used nonsolvating cosolvents, i.e., hydrofluoroether, are less effective for ILEs with respect to concentrated electrolytes based on conventional organic solvents. Moreover, hydrofluoroether contains environmentally problematic -CF3 and/or -CF2- groups, i.e., per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), with their use subject to restrictions.In this Account, we provide an overview of the endeavors of our research group on the development of PFAS-free LCILEs for high-energy LMBs and AMBs. First, aromatic organic cations and aromatic less/nonfluorinated cosolvents are proposed to weaken the organic cation-anion interaction and strengthen the organic cation-cosolvent interaction, respectively. This is with consideration of the uncovered phase nanosegregation structure of LCILEs that effectively reduces the viscosity and promotes the Li+ transport ability with respect to the conventional nonaromatic organic cations and highly fluorinated PFAS cosolvents. Then, the effect of electrolyte components that do not coordinate to Li+, including organic cations and nonsolvating cosolvents, on the SEI composition and LMA reversibility is presented, which confirms the feasibility of reaching a high lithium stripping/plating CE up to 99.7% in the developed PFAS-free LCILEs. In the subsequent discussion on cathode compatibility, we present that in addition to LiFePO4 with high cyclability but inferior energy density, nickel-rich layered oxide and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) can be employed to construct high-energy LMBs for PFAS-free LCILEs with different anodic stability. Additionally, the feasible application of the LCILE strategy to promote the kinetics of AMBs relying on a different anode chemistry is demonstrated. Lastly, future research directions with an emphasis on nonsolvating component optimization, electrolyte dynamics, and electrode/electrolyte interphase formation are provided.

In situ generation of Copper sulfide within Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid): A strategy for Safer photothermal therapy in Triple-Negative breast cancer.

Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) have garnered significant attention in photothermal therapy (PTT) owing to their facile synthesis, biodegradability, stability, and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency. Nonetheless, their potential toxic effects have restricted their application. This research focuses on the encapsulation of CuS NPs with the biocompatible polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to enhance their biocompatibility, thereby improving the efficacy and safety of PTT in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Three distinct methods, namely aqueous phase loading method, oil phase loading method, and "in situ reduction" method were employed to synthesize PLGA-coated CuS (CuS@PLGA) NPs to optimize the encapsulation rate of CuS. Among these, the CuS@PLGA NPs fabricated via the "in situ reduction" method demonstrated the highest encapsulation efficiency for CuS, achieving a rate of (90.4 ± 3.3)%. The resulting CuS@PLGA NPs exhibited high stability, excellent photothermal effect, and good tumor-targeting ability. Moreover, CuS@PLGA NPs demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and biocompatibility compared to CuS NPs in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Consequently, this study offers an effective and safety strategy for PTT treatment of TNBC.

Experimental–Analytical Method for Determining the Dynamic Coefficients of Turning Tools

The article presents an analytical and experimental method for determining the dynamic coefficients of cutting tools, with particular emphasis on turning tools. The method involves aligning the acceleration profile obtained from empirical investigations with a mathematical model describing the oscillations of the cutting tool tip. The stiffness (k) and damping (c) coefficients determined using this approach enable the design of tools with desired dynamic characteristics, tailored to specific machining processes, such as machining with long overhangs. From the perspective of mechanical dynamics, selecting appropriate stiffness and damping values allows for the design of tools with optimal dynamic properties. High stiffness reduces the occurrence of deformations under external forces, while adequate damping facilitates the rapid attenuation of vibrations, thereby minimising their adverse effects on the machining process. The developed method could serve as a practical tool for identifying the dynamic parameters applicable to a wide variety of cutting tools. The analysis includes three types of turning tools: one with a steel shank, another with a carbide-core steel shank, and a third with a carbon fibre-core steel shank. The results of the tests indicate that the E-A20Q SDUCL 11 tool is best suited for operations requiring high stability and minimal vibration, owing to its favourable damping and stiffness properties.

The nucleolin antagonist N6L and paclitaxel combination treatment could be a new promising therapeutic strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapy.

Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is one of the most devastating cancers with few clinical signs and no truly effective therapy. In recent years, our team has demonstrated that nucleolin antagonists such as N6L could be a therapeutic alternative for this disease. In order to study a possible clinic development of N6L (multivalent pseudopeptide), we undertook to study the effect of combination of N6L with chemotherapies classically used for PCa on the survival of pancreatic cancer cells. Thus, the combined effect of N6L with either gemcitabine, FOLFOX and paclitaxel (PTX) on the survival of PANC-1, Mia-PaCa-2 and BxPC3 was studied and shown additive effect. In addition, analysis of the data by Combenefit software indicate that there are synergistic effects between N6L and the 3 chemotherapy molecules tested with more sensitive effects with the N6L-PTX combination. This result was confirmed by associating N6L and paclitaxel on porous calcium carbonate particles loaded with cyclodextrin (CD) encapsulating PTXl and carrying N6L at their surface. Porous calcium carbonate particles present highly benefits for biological purposes because of their large surface area and their high stability in neutral media. As for CD, it presents the advantage of owing hydrophilic exterior and a less polar cavity in the center. We have then combined the advantageous features of both porous and negatively charged surfaces of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles and host molecules CD for developing carrier enabling all at once the loading of PTX (hydrophobic drug) and N6L (cationic drug). This association generates water-soluble particles capable of targeting via N6L and delivering paclitaxel to tumor cells.

High-Purity Ethylene Production from Ethane/Ethylene Mixtures at Ambient Conditions by Ethane-Selective Fluorine-Doped Activated Carbon Adsorbents.

Energy-efficient separation of light alkanes from alkenes is considered as one of the most important separations of the chemical industry today due to the high energy penalty associated with the applied conventional cryogenic technologies. This study introduces fluorine-doped activated carbon adsorbents, where elemental fluorine incorporation into the carbon matrix plays a unique role in achieving high ethane selectivity. This enhanced selectivity arises from specific interactions between surface-doped fluorine atoms and ethane molecules, coupled with porosity modulation. Consequently, an equilibrium ethane/ethylene selectivity of as high as 3.9 at 298 K and 1 bar was achieved. Furthermore, polymer-grade ethylene (purity >99.99%) with a productivity of 1.6 mmol/g was obtained in a breakthrough run at ambient conditions from a binary ethane/ethylene (1/9 v/v) mixture. The ethane selectivity of the fluorine-doped carbons was further elucidated through Monte Carlo simulations and density contours of the adsorbed components. In addition to the high ethane selectivity, the adsorbents exhibited a hydrophobic surface, high stability under moisture, and excellent regenerability over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions, demonstrating a sustainable performance.

Expression and enzymatic characterization of a chitosanase with tolerance to a wide range of pH from Bacillus atrophaeus

To screen and identify a chitosanase with high stability, we cloned the chitosanase gene from Bacillus atrophaeus with a high protease yield from the barren saline-alkali soil and expressed this gene in Escherichia coli. The expressed chitosanase of B. atrophaeus (BA-CSN) was purified by nickel-affinity column chromatography. The properties including optimal temperature, optimal pH, substrate specificity, and kinetic parameters of BA-CSN were characterized. The results showed that BA-CSN had the molecular weight of 31.13 kDa, the optimal temperature of 55 ℃, the optimal pH 5.5, and good stability at temperatures below 45 ℃ and pH 4.0-9.0. BA-CSN also had good stability within 4 h of pH 3.0 and 10.0, be activated by K+, Na+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Co2+, (especially by Mn2+), and be inhibited by Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ag+. BA-CSN showcased the highest relative activity in the hydrolysis of colloidal chitosan, and it had good hydrolysis ability for colloidal chitin. Under the optimal catalytic conditions, BA-CSN demonstrated the Michaelis constant Km and maximum reaction rate Vmax of 9.94 mg/mL and 26.624 μmoL/(mL·min), respectively, for colloidal chitosan. In short, BA-CSN has strong tolerance to acids and alkali, possessing broad industrial application prospects.

All Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Preferential Crystallization of Buried Interface Regulated by CsCl

Compared to organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), all inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells have higher stability but lower efficiency. Owing to the low solid solubility of CsBr in methyl alcohol, an incomplete first-step reaction with PbBr2 reaction takes place at room temperature. As a result, a large amount of CsPb2Br5 is generated in the final CsPbBr3 film, which deteriorates the performance of CsPbBr3 PSCs. Along these lines, in this work, CsCl was added to increase the reaction between CsBr and PbBr2 in the first step and high-quality CsPbBr3 films were prepared without CsPb2Br5. Our analysis demonstrated that at the optimal CsCl concentration of 6% in CsBr solution, the CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 7.33%. The best device retained 98.57% of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) after storing it for 30 days under ambient air condition.

Computational analysis of linear chain of holey nanographene and their molecular characterizations.

Holey nanographene, an allotrope of carbon arranged in two dimensions, has gained remarkable attention as a nanomaterial with several potential uses in numerous industries, such as electronics, energy storage, healthcare, and environmental cleanup, because of its high carrier mobility, flexibility, transparency, high surface area, conductivity, and chemical stability. The fundamental holey nanographene is assembled in a linear form to create the holey nanographene chain (HNC) that is being discussed. To fully utilize it in various applications, it is essential to comprehend the basic ideas guiding its behavior at the nanoscale; for that, we find various topological indices for this holey nanographene chain using the cut method. Because topological indices are a robust mathematical tool that links molecular structure with chemical, physical, and biological properties, they are essential in diverse areas, namely chemistry, pharmaceutical research, environmental science, and materials science METHODS: The cut method is essential for calculating topological indices in large structures as standard definitions become increasingly complex for such computations. In this study, we apply the cut method to compute each topological index for holey nanographene structures, which involves extensive summations. MATLAB software is employed to simplify these calculations. To generate the DDSV (Distance Degree Sequence Vector) for each vertex within any dimension of holey nanographene, we utilize the NEWGRAPH interface. Python code is then used to analyze the DDSVs assigned to each vertex. Additionally, MATLAB code is applied to validate the numerical results derived from analytical formulae for the topological indices of the HNCs under consideration.

Protein-functionalized and intrinsically radiolabeled [188Re]ReOx nanoparticles: advancing cancer therapy through concurrent radio-photothermal effects.

Enhancing therapeutic effectiveness is crucial for translating anticancer nanomedicines from laboratory to clinical settings. In this study, we have developed radioactive rhenium oxide nanoparticles encapsulated in human serum albumin ([188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs) for concurrent radiotherapy (RT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), aiming to optimize treatment outcomes. [188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs were synthesized by a controlled reduction of 188ReO4- in HSA medium and extensively characterized. The anticancer effect of [188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs was demonstrated in vitro in murine melanoma (B16F10) cell line. In vivo SPECT/CT imaging, autoradiography and biodistribution studies were performed after intratumoral injection of [188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs in melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. The potential of [188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs for combined RT and PTT treatment was also demonstrated in the aforesaid mice model. [188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs (size 4-6nm) were synthesized with high colloidal and radiochemical stability. Upon laser (808nm) exposure on B16F10 cells incubated with [188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs, only < 20% of cells were alive demonstrating high therapeutic efficacy under in vitro settings. Uniform dose distribution and retention of the radiolabeled NPs in the tumor volume were observed via SPECT/CT imaging and autoradiography studies. Tumor growth in mice model was significantly arrested with ~ 1.85 MBq dose of [188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs and simultaneous laser irradiation, demonstrating synergistic benefit of RT and PTT. These results demonstrate that intrinsically radiolabeled [188Re]ReOx-HSA NPs having unique features such as high photothermal effects and favorable nuclear decay characteristics for combined RT/PTT, hold great promise for clinical translation.

Synthesis and Application of LTA Zeolite for the Removal of Inorganic and Organic Hazardous Substances from Water: A Review

Industrialization and human activities have caused significant environmental challenges, with water pollution posing severe risks to human health. This underscores the urgent need for effective water treatment solutions. Zeolites, known for their high specific surface area and stability, have gained increasing attention as adsorbents for water treatment. Among zeolites, LTA varieties stand out due to their low Si/Al ratio, which enhances ion-exchange capacity, and their cost-effectiveness. This review focuses on the synthesis of low-silica LTA zeolites, particularly zeolite A, using natural materials and solid wastes without relying on organic-structure-directing agents (OSDAs). Common pretreatment processes for such synthesis are also highlighted. The review further explores the applications of LTA zeolites in water treatment, emphasizing their exceptional performance in adsorbing inorganic and organic pollutants. In particular, LTA zeolites are highly effective at removing inorganic cation pollutants through ion exchange. An updated ion-exchange selectivity order, based on previous studies, is provided to support these findings. Overall, this review aims to guide future research and development in water treatment technologies.

Evaluation of the Possibility of Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering, AMMI Analysis and GGE Biplot Methods to Predict the Yield of Chickpea Genotypes Cultivated in Different Environments

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of using fuzzy C-means clustering, AMMI and GGE biplot analysis methods to predict the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes grown in various environments. The trials were conducted in the Central, Silvan and Hazro districts of Diyarbakir province and Kiziltepe district of Mardin province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye. During the 2016 growing season, 19 chickpea genotypes were tested across four distinct environments. Multiple location experiments were used to assess the genotypes’ performance and stability. The study employed a two-factor experimental design in randomized blocks with four replications in each environment. As a result, the genotype FLIP98-206C showed the highest performance for yield (1727.3 kg ha−1) at the Diyarbakır location among all locations. On the other hand, the Diyar-95 variety showed the lowest yield (723.5 kg ha−1) at the Hazro location among all locations. The Diyarbakir location was determined as an ideal test environment for genotype selection in fuzzy C-means clustering, AMMI and GGE biplot analysis. The Silvan region was determined as the weakest environment for this purpose. It is considered that the determination of genotypes with high yield and stability in this research, in which different analysis methods were used in combination, will contribute to agricultural production.

Luminescent Properties and Thermal Stability of [PPh4][Cu3I4] with a Unique Helical Structure

Hybrid halocuprates (I) with organic cations show great potential for optoelectronic applications due to their tunable luminescence and high thermal stability. In this study, the iodocuprate (I) [PPh4][Cu3I4], featuring unique helical chains of face-sharing tetrahedra, was synthesized and characterized. This compound exhibits a bandgap of 3.1 eV and orange luminescence at low temperature, attributed to self-trapped exciton emission. [PPh4][Cu3I4] demonstrates exceptional thermal stability among hybrid halocuprates with decomposition above 380 °C, forming a stable melt at ~255 °C without Cu+ oxidation in ambient atmosphere.

Application of biomanufacturing in polymer flooding

In China, the crude oil supply is highly dependent on overseas countries, and thus strengthening crude oil self-sufficiency has become an important issue of the national energy security. Tertiary oil recovery, especially polymer flooding, has been widely applied in large oil fields in China, which can increase the recovery rate by 15%-20% compared with water flooding. However, the widely used oil flooding polymers show poor thermal stability and salinity tolerance, complicated synthesis ways of monomers, and environmental unfriendliness. Moreover, the polymer flooding induces problems including pore plugging, heterogeneity intensification, high dispersion of remaining oil resources, pressure rise in injection wells, and low efficiency circulation of injection medium, which restrict the subsequent recovery of old oil fields. Here, we systematically review the developing and current situations of polymer flooding, introduce the innovative biomanufacturing of oil flooding polymers and their monomers or precursors as well as low-cost bio-based chemical raw materials for multiple compound flooding. The comprehensive study of the relationships between microbial fermentation metabolites and polymer flooding will reveal the green and low-carbon paths for polymer flooding. Such study will enable the application of enzymes produced by microorganisms in polymer production and polymer plugging removal after polymer flooding as well as the application of microbial metabolites such as biosurfactants, organic acids, alcohols, biogas, and amino acids in enhancing oil recovery. This review suggests that incorporating biomanufacturing into polymer flooding will ensure the high productivity and stability for crude oil production in China.

Heart rate variability biofeedback in a global study of the most common coherence frequencies and the impact of emotional states

This global study analyzed data from the largest dataset ever studied in the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) biofeedback field, comprising 1.8 million user sessions collected from users of a mobile app during 2019 and 2020. We focused on HRV Coherence, which is linked to improved emotional stability and cognitive function. Positive emotions reported by users were associated with higher Coherence scores and more stable HRV frequencies. In contrast, negative emotions exhibited lower scores and more dispersed frequency distributions. The most common frequency associated with Coherence was identified at 0.10 Hz. However, many users with the highest levels of Coherence fell within a lower range from 0.04 to 0.10 Hz. Most users exhibited high stability (standard deviation < 0.012 Hz) in their coherence frequencies from session to session, and their stability within a given session increased with increasing Coherence. The insights gained from this extensive dataset suggest that by instructing users to breathe deeper and slower and find a rhythm that’s comfortable, they naturally find their unique resonant frequency. The findings provide a strong foundation for future research and the development of targeted interventions aimed at enhancing emotional and physiological well-being through HRV biofeedback and coherence practices.

2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-1,3-propanediol (chlonisol): blood content in rats after intravenous administration and chemical resistance

Background. The domestic antitumor compound 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-1,3-propanediol (chlonisol) has high antitumor activity on a wide range of experimental tumors.Goal. To study the content of chlonisol in the blood of rats at different times after intravenous administration and its chemical stability in 0.9 % sodium chloride solution, urine and blood serum.Methods. The concentration of chlonisol in various media was determined by HPLC. In vivo studies on 10 male rats with a body weight of 180–200 g. the concentration of chlonisol in the blood of rats was determined 2, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after its intravenous administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg. In in vitro experiments, a 0.1 % solution of chlonisol was incubated at 37 °C in three media: 0.9 % sodium chloride solution, blood serum and urine. Aliquots were selected at different intervals and analyzed for the content of chlonisol. The stability of chlonisol was evaluated in relation to its concentration before and after incubation, expressed as a percentage.Results. When chlonisol was administered intravenously at a dose of 40 mg/kg to rats, its complete disappearance from the blood was observed within 2 hours. The half-life was 27 minutes. Of the three media studied in vitro experiments, chlonisol was the most stable in 0.9 % sodium chloride solution(89 % of the initial level after 10 hours of incubation at 37 °C). Less stable, but for a long time – in urine (60 % of the initial after 1 hour of incubation and 37 % after 2 hours). The lowest resistance of chlonisol was in the blood serum (a decrease in concentration to 11 % after 1 hour and to 0 after 2 hours of incubation).Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to make assumptions about possible ways of using chlonisol: The high stability of chlonisol in 0.9 % sodium chloride solution will allow its long-term drip intravenous infusions, as well as perfusion intraarterial chemotherapy. Maintaining the concentration of chlonisol in urine at 60 % of the initial level for 1 hour will allow the use of intravesical instillations of chlonisol in superficial bladder cancer.

Evaluation of Rice Quality Storage Stability: From Variety Screening to Trait Identification

Rice, a staple global food crop, requires the maintenance of its quality stability during storage. This study aimed to screen rice varieties with high storage stability and elucidate their traits. Thirty-four widely cultivated varieties were selected to examine the changes in grain quality after one-year natural storage. The normalization method, hierarchical analysis, and cluster analysis were used to identify rice varieties maintaining their grain quality during storage. Meanwhile, the yield and its components, panicle traits, grain size, grain major component content, physiological indicators (such as antioxidant enzyme activity), and key growth stages were analyzed at rice maturity. The results showed that the processing, appearance, and eating quality of rice declined after storage. Specifically, the chalkiness degree increased significantly by 32.4%, while the cooked rice appearance, texture, and taste quality decreased significantly by 18.7%, 19.1%, and 14.2%, respectively. The grain quality storage stability was evaluated using a hierarchical analysis method based on the storage stability scores of the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, chalkiness degree, cooked rice appearance, cooked rice texture, and cooked rice taste. A judgment matrix was established, determining their corresponding weights of 0.0149, 0.0369, 0.0910, 0.286, 0.060, 0.148, and 0.364, respectively. Based on cluster analysis and the normalization method, these varieties were classified into three categories: high storage stability, intermediate storage stability, and low storage stability, accounting for 26.5%, 52.9%, and 20.6%, respectively. Finally, nine rice varieties with high storage stability were screened. The validation results of the principal component analysis also indicated the reliability of this result. Correlation analysis revealed that the storage stability of the rice grain quality was significantly and negatively correlated with the amylose starch content and malondialdehyde content. The average value and median value of the amylose starch content in high-storage-stability varieties are 10.7% and 6.99% lower than those in sensitive varieties, respectively. Therefore, the major feature of rice varieties with high storage stability is a low amylose starch content. This study provides valuable theoretical insights into the safe storage of rice grains and the selection and breeding of rice varieties with high storage stability.

Transparent Poly(amide-imide)s with Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion from Trifluoromethylated Trimellitic Anhydride

Making transparent aromatic polymers with high Tg and low thermal expansion behavior, like glass, is challenging. We report transparent and soluble poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) with high dimensional stability synthesized from the new monomer, trifluoromethylated trimellitic anhydride. Insertion of trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups into polymer chains enhanced solubility and the optical properties of polymers without sacrificing high thermal stability. Model reactions were utilized to study how the CF3 group in trimellitic anhydride affects the polymerization reaction with aromatic diamine monomers, and a series of new PAIs were synthesized. All the polymers were soluble in polar organic solvents and can be solution-cast into nearly colorless and flexible freestanding films. The obtained PAI films possessed high thermal stability (Td5: 437–452 °C in N2) and high transparency (84~87% transmittance at 550 nm). Interestingly, PAIs prepared in this study exhibited high thermodimensional stability with low CTE values from 9 to 26 ppm/°C. The transparent poly(amide-imide) film with low CTE value finds its application in display and optical devices that require flexible and transparent form factors.

Hundred-meter-scale MgB2 multi-filament wires with Cu stabilizer fabricated by internal Mg diffusion process

Abstract The high stability and current carrying properties of multi-filament long wires are fundamental to applying MgB2 superconducting materials. To ensure the current carrying properties and enhance stability, we utilized the internal Mg diffusion (IMD) process to fabricate different structures of Cu-stabilized, hundred-meter-scale MgB2 wires: 7-filament, 6 + 1-filament, 12 + 7-filament, 18 + 1-filament, 30 + 7-filament, and 36 + 1-filament. We characterized both the current carrying properties and the three-dimensional structure of these wires. The experimental results reveal that the current carrying properties strongly correlate with the integrity of the Nb barrier layer. In the 7-filament wire, the intact Nb barrier layer prevents contamination of the MgB2 superconducting phase, leading to a critical current density (J c) of 4.16 × 105 A cm−2 at 4.2 K and 4 T. This study provides a foundation for the application of MgB2 superconducting wire.