Higher Risk Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Maternalno-fetalna interakcija i moduliranje u stvaranju nove populacije - pregled postojećih dokaza o povezanosti fetalne ishrane i razvoja hroničnih bolesti u toku života

The concept of fetal programming has found its place in science and keeps lighting the way to better understanding of fetal life and its impact on postnatal and adult life. Its capacity is much wider than a common recognition of the fact that different disorders in pregnancy impact fetal health, and these capacities keep being confirmed by various observational studies and experimental models. Another fact that makes fetal programming even harder to confirm and accept is the long period between the stimulus and its consequences, as well as various factors that can change and influence this period of one's lifetime. Nevertheless, different hypotheses are present, concerning suboptimal fetal health and nutrition and their contribution to the development of chronic diseases during one's lifetime - inadequate nutrition during intrauterine period and early childhood can permanently change one's physiology and metabolism, which contributes to a possible development of chronic diseases (hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, etc.). The aim of this paper is to review current evidence on the relationship between fetal nutrition and the risk of chronic diseases later in life. A detailed review of current literature and the analysis of various studies aimed at following neonates to their adulthood in order to determine the significance of fetal programming. An association between suboptimal fetal growth and a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes type 2, and hypertension, has been proven by the studies conducted within different populations and age groups. Based on the evidence presented in this paper, it can be concluded that fetal programming has been recognized as significant and is on the way to becoming the third contributing factor in the development of chronic diseases during one's lifetime, along with a genetic predisposition and lifestyle.

Using a Motivational Paradigm to Develop an Exercise Program for Nurses with High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome.

Nurses are frontline care providers whose health is vital to providing good quality of care to patients. The purpose of this study was to develop an exercise program for high-risk metabolic syndrome nurses based on the transtheoretical model. The transtheoretical model was used in this study due to its popular use in exercise behavior change and it can clearly identify the stage of exercise so as to plan an effective program to promote health. This was a quasi-experimental pilot study with a total of 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Exercise programs were developed for three groups distinguished by their commitment to exercising for health. Sixteen (40%) nurses moved one step forward, six (15%) nurses moved backward, and eighteen (45%) nurses maintained at the same stage over time (stable sedentary, 40%; stable active, 5%). Bowker’s test of symmetry, χ2 = 14.00 (p < 0.01), revealed that the population exercising increased significantly after the intervention. After the program, the perceived benefits from exercise in the decisional balance significantly increased to 1.53 (t = 2.223, p < 0.05), perceived exercise barriers significantly decreased to 3.10 (t = −3.075, p < 0.05), and self-efficacy significantly increased to 2.90 (t = 3.251, p < 0.01), respectively. Applying the transtheoretical model to health behavior enables significant change. The benefits of applying the transtheoretical model for promoting exercise include increasing perceived exercise benefits and self-efficacy, decreasing perceived exercise barriers, and increasing physical activity levels.

Maternal and Dietary Factors Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Women with a Previous History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

While it is known that women with a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (post-GDM) have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), evidence of lifestyle practices from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is still scarce. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with MetS in women post-GDM. This cross-sectional study involved 157 women post-GDM (mean age 34.8 ± 5.6 years) sampled from Selangor, Malaysia. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics and obstetric history. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived from principal component analysis. MetS was diagnosed according to the 2009 Harmonized criteria. The prevalence of MetS in this study was 22.3%. Western dietary pattern consumption was correlated with MetS, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and triglyceride levels. Independent factors associated with MetS were lower education level (odds ratio, OR 4.017, p = 0.007), pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.192, p = 0.002), and Caesarean delivery (OR 3.798, p = 0.009). The study identified the maternal and dietary factors associated with MetS in women post-GDM in Malaysia. Community-based interventions that include dietary modification are warranted to prevent MetS and its complications, thus helping to reduce the overall disease burden.

Factors Associated with Undertaking Health-Promoting Activities by Older Women at High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

The complexity of health problems concerning women aged ≥60 years makes it necessary to develop effective, low-cost strategies involving biopsychosocial interventions. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with undertaking health-promoting activities by older women at high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with or without depressive symptoms. The study group consisted of 70 older women (62-84 years old) undertaking regular physical activity. A self-developed questionnaire (used to determine the living situation, selected lifestyle components and health problems), the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used. In the study group undertaking regular physical activity, 40% had increased symptoms of depression (D group), and 60% were classified as non-depressed (ND group). The D group had a higher general stress level (t = -6.18, p = 0.001). Improving and/or maintaining physical fitness was identified as the greatest motivation in both groups. Willingness to spend time with other people significantly differed between the two groups (χ2 = 4.148, p = 0.042). The sole factor significantly differentiating between both groups was lack of time (χ2 = 8.777, p = 0.003). Motivations and barriers to undertaking health-promoting activities and levels of perceived stress were significantly different between the depressed and non-depressed groups. It is important to encourage primary care physicians to perform screening tests for late-life depression and to provide information on where therapeutic interventions are available for patients with symptoms of MetS and coexisting depressive symptoms.

Association of simple renal cysts with metabolic syndrome in adults.

Metabolic syndrome is common nowadays and may increase risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular complications and even mortality. Renal cysts are also frequently found during routine examination. However, the relationship between simple renal cysts (SRCs) and metabolic syndrome remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of SRCs with metabolic syndrome. A total of 16,216 subjects aged ≥18 years were enrolled in this study. SRCs were diagnosed with ultrasonography by finding: sharp, thin posterior walls, a round/oval shape, absence of internal echoes, and posterior enhancement. SRCs were categorized by number (0, 1, and ≥2) and size (<2 and ≥2 cm). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. In multivariate analysis, SRCs were positively related to metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.34). The risk of metabolic syndrome was higher for SRCs with a number ≥2 (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) and size ≥2 cm (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10-1.61). When considering the SRC number and size concomitantly, SRCs with a number ≥2/size ≥2 cm (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02-1.98) or <2/size ≥2 cm (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04-1.62) were positively related to metabolic syndrome. Simple renal cysts were found to be related to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, and the association is more significant in those with larger (sizes ≥2cm) or plural (numbers ≥2) SRCs.

Triglyceride-Glucose Index Cutoff Point Is an Accurate Marker for Predicting the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Caucasian Subjects

Background: Recently, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been suggested as a surrogate insulin resistance marker. This index could act as an early screening marker in individuals with a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) such as obese subjects. Aims: The objective of this work was to detect the cutoff point of the TyG index for the diagnosis of MS according to ATPIII criteria on obese subjects and to compare with HOMA-IR. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 1,494 obese subjects. Measurements of adiposity parameters, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, C-reactive protein, adipokines, and the prevalence of MS were determined. The TyG index was calculated from the next equation: Ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL))/2. Results: A total of 1,494 subjects were recruited, 421 males (28.1%) and 1,073 females (71.8%), with an average age of 45.8 ± 15.3 years (range: 29–62). A total of 677 subjects had MS (45.5%) and 817 did not show MS (54.6%). The averages of HOMA-IR and TyG index values increased as the components of MS were aggregated, and both indexes were higher in subjects with MS. The area under the curve (AUC) of the TyG index according to ATPIII criteria showed values of 0.746 (0.721–0.771; p = 0.001). The cutoff point according to the Youden index was 4.72, with sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 88.2%, respectively. For the HOMA-IR, AUC showed values of 0.682 (0.654–0.710; p = 0.01). The cutoff point was 3.23, with sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 70.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The TyG index is more powerful for predicting MS than HOMA-IR in Caucasian obese subjects.

Olanzapine induces weight gain in offspring of prenatally exposed poly I:C rats by reducing brown fat thermogenic activity.

Background: Olanzapine (OLZ) is an antipsychotic with a high risk of metabolic syndrome, and its induced metabolic disturbance may be related to the thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Of note is that schizophrenia itself appears to be associated with a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome. However, whether OLZ affects metabolic disorders by regulating BAT function and its mechanism in animal models of schizophrenia have not been reported. Methods: We induced maternal immune activation (MIA) in pregnant rodents by injection of synthetic double-stranded RNA-poly I:C (a virus-like substance), and rats were injected with poly I:C, 10 mg/kg) or saline on day 13 of gestation. Rat offspring received OLZ (1 mg/kg, tid) or vehicle from adulthood for 28 days, and body weight and food intake were recorded. Morphological alterations of white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT were analyzed by HE and oil red staining, and expression of BAT-specific marker proteins/genes was detected by western blot and qRT-PCR. In addition, embryonic stem cells C3H10T1/2 were used to direct differentiation into brown-like adipocytes, and C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with OLZ for the differentiation process. The effects of OLZ on brown-like adipocyte differentiation and activity were analyzed using oil red staining, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Results: Compared with the Veh (saline) group, the TG, pWAT weight, adipocyte size and liver weight of the Veh (poly I:C) group were significantly increased, suggesting that the offspring of Poly I:C rats had obvious dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation, which were risk factors for metabolic abnormalities such as obesity. In addition, OLZ treatment resulted in altered WAT and BAT morphology in poly I:C or saline exposed offspring, causing lipid accumulation and weight gain and reducing the expression of the BAT-specific marker molecule UCP1 protein/gene. At the same time, OLZ inhibited the directional differentiation and mitochondrial activity of C3H10T1/2 brown-like adipocytes. Conclusion: Poly I:C-elicited MIA and OLZ differentially inhibited BAT activity and mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to weight gain in adult rats, a process involving PPAR-γ/UCP1-related thermogenic proteins.

No association between body height and metabolic risk factors in historically short height Asian Indian tribes

Background: Asian Indians often get predisposed to non-communicable diseases for which the “thin-fat” or “hidden obese” Indian phenotype is usually regarded responsible. In Europe, America and in some low-middle-income countries (LMICs) short height is often associated with a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Indians and particularly tribal Indian people are relatively short.&#x0D; Aim: To assess the associations of height with MetS risk factors among tribal people of India.&#x0D; Sample and methods: This study was conducted among tribes of India under life-style transition. The height range was 163.2 cm to 156.5 cm (males) and 151.6 cm to 146.9 cm (females). The participants were 1066 men and 1090 women aged 20 to 60 years. Anthropometric and metabolic markers included in the study were height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), skinfolds (biceps, triceps, sub-scapular, and supra-iliacal), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and pulse rate (PR).&#x0D; Results: The highest correlation existed between height and WC (male: 0.21; female: 0.15). Correlations of body composition variables (BMI, WC, skinfolds) with MetS risk factors (FBG, SBP, DBP, PR) were not reliable (r &lt; 0.30) among both sexes. St. Nicolas House Analysis revealed WC among males and WC and sub-scapular skinfolds among females sharing more connections with other nodes variables.&#x0D; Conclusions: Unlike the people of the wealthy and often obese social strata of low-middle-income countries, and in Europe and North America, height of tribal Indian populations is not associated with metabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, elevated fasting blood sugar, and central obesity. Rather than linked to the phenotype, obesity appears to be associated with an obesogenic environment. Public health policy should focus on problems associated with obesogenic environments.

Levels of Acylcarnitines and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Antipsychotic-Treated Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia with Metabolic Syndrome.

Several studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bioenergetic dysfunction. Because acylcarnitines are involved in bioenergetic pathways and reflect the functioning of mitochondria, we hypothesized that these compounds are biomarkers of MetS in schizophrenia. The aim of this work was to quantify acylcarnitines and branched-chain amino acids in patients with schizophrenia comorbid with MetS. The study included 112 patients with paranoid schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. Among them, 39 subjects met criteria of MetS. Concentrations of 30 acylcarnitines and three amino acids in dry serum spots were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. MetS patients were found to have higher levels of valeryl carnitine (C5), leucine/isoleucine, and alanine as compared with patients without MetS, indicating possible participation of these compounds in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in schizophrenia. In patients with paranoid schizophrenia with or without MetS, lower levels of carnitines C10, C10:1, C12, and C18 were recorded as compared with the healthy individuals (n = 70), implying deterioration of energy metabolism. We believe that this finding can be explained by effects of antipsychotic medication on an enzyme called carnitine-palmitoyl transferase I.

'We just don't have this in us…': Understanding factors behind low levels of physical activity in South Asian immigrants in Metro-Vancouver, Canada.

BackgroundSouth Asian immigrants in western countries are at a high risk for metabolic syndrome and associated chronic disease. While a physically active lifestyle is crucial in decreasing this risk, physical activity (PA) levels among this group remain low. The objectives of this study were to explore social and cultural factors that influence PA behavior, investigate how immigration process intersects with PA behaviors to influence PA levels and to engage community in a discussion about what can be done to increase PA in the South Asian community.MethodsFor this qualitative study, we conducted four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) among a subset of participants who were part of a larger study. FGD data was coded and analysed using directed content analysis to identify key categories.ResultsParticipants expressed a range of opinions, attitudes and beliefs about PA. Most believed they were sufficiently active. Women talked about restrictive social and cultural norms that discouraged uptake of exercise. Post-immigration levels of PA were low due to change in type of work and added responsibilities.ConclusionHealth promoters need to consider social, cultural, and structural contexts when exploring possible behavior change interventions for South Asian immigrants.

Comparison of metabolic profile in between women with premature ovarian insufficiency and normal women

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) represents about 1percent among women who are in less than 40 years age group. It has great negative impact on psycho-social, sexual and overall, on the quality of life of women. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the comparison in lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference in between normal women and women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Methods and materials: This was a cross-sectional comparative study. Fifty women (POI) were taken with purposive sampling as study group who were diagnosed as premature ovarian insufficiency of idiopathic cause from 18 to 40 years. 50 healthy women were taken as comparison group at the same age group. The study was done in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Z. H. Sikder Women’s Medical College, Dhaka from January 2020 to December 2021 over a period of two years. After taking written consent detailed information about the patients were collected in a predesigned data collection sheet for each patient. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was assessed for each one of POI. MS was diagnosed according the criteria of IDF (International diabetic federation). Results: Serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting blood sugar were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was reduced in women with POI(p&lt;0.05). There were no differences in triglycerides. Waist circumference was higher significantly in women with POI (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Early cessation of ovarian function is related with higher levels of TC, LDL-C, fasting blood sugar and waist circumference and lower HDL-C. Women with POI have higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Early detection and lifelong management should be provided to avoid complications.

High Tg/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio Highlights a Higher Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Severe Obesity

High Tg/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio Highlights a Higher Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Severe Obesity

High Tg/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio Highlights a Higher Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Severe Obesity.

Few data are currently available on the reliability of the different anthropometric, instrumental and biochemical indexes in recognizing the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents with severe obesity. Therefore, the objective of our study was to find out the simplest and most accurate predictive index of MetS in this population at-risk. In 1065 children and adolescents (563 f, 502 m), aged 14.6 ± 2.1 years (range 10–17), with severe obesity [BMI-SDS 3.50 ± 0.36 (range 3.00–5.17)], the following indexes were evaluated: BMI, BMI-SDS, Tri-Ponderal Mass Index, Waist-to-Height ratio, TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratio, Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). For each subject, all the components of MetS, defined according to the IDF criteria, were determined. Overall, the presence of MetS was found in 324 patients (30.4%), 167 males (33.3%) and 157 females (27.9%). According to the ROC analysis, three indexes (VAI, CMI and TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratio), performed significantly better than the other ones in identifying MetS, with no difference among them. In conclusion, the TG/HDL ratio, which just needs the evaluation of two simple biochemical parameters, offers the same accuracy as other more sophisticated indexes in recognizing MetS in children and adolescents with severe obesity, thus making it the best predictor to be easily used.

Effect of an oral probiotic formula on scalp and facial skin condition, glucose, and lipid metabolism

Objective: We conducted this study to explore the effect of oral probiotic supplementation on hair density as a primary outcome in subjects with hair loss and at high risk of metabolic syndrome. The secondary objectives were to assess probiotic effects on skin barrier function,metabolic health and stress responses.Methods: We supplemented the diets of Chinese adults presenting with hair loss and high risk of metabolic syndrome (n = 26, male gender 38.5%, age = 33.6 ± 4.5 years) with a multi-strain probiotic formula at a dosage of 18.1 billion colony forming units (CFU) twice daily for 12 weeks. We compared the hair density, hair loss, anthropometrics measures, blood biochemistry markers, skin biophysical characteristics and stress-associated responses between baseline and the end of the trial.Results: After 12 weeks of probiotic supplementation, 96.2% of the study participants had improvement in hair density (median density level increased: 1; interquartile range: 1-2). Participants reported reduced hair loss both quantitatively and qualitatively. The majority (73.1%) of the participants reported apparent relief of scalp itching. Stratum corneum hydration and pH increased, while transepidermal water loss and sebum decreased on both scalp and facial skin. Body weight and body mass index decreased following probiotic consumption. Most components of glucose metabolism and the lipid profile were significantly better, with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reductions in glucose, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers improved with increases in interferon-γ and superoxide dismutase, and reductions in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-31 and malondialdehyde. No changes were observed in glycated hemoglobin, insulin, immunoglobulin E and interleukin-10 levels. Besides, perceived stress relieved in participants accompanied with improved sleep quality as well as better overall perception of life quality and health.Conclusion: Twice-daily supplementation with the test probiotic formula over a 12-weeks period may exert profound beneficial effects on hair growth, skin condition, glucose and lipid metabolism, and stress-associated psychological and physiological responses in participants presenting with hair loss and high risk of metabolic syndrome. This study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100050498).Keywords: hair density, hair loss, metabolic syndrome, oral probiotic supplementation

Protocol for a Pilot Study on the Gut Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Latinx Emerging Adults in Miami, Florida

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality among the Latinx population in the U.S. In recent years, an increased risk of CVD among young adults has been observed. During emerging adulthood, health behaviors are adapted that can affect cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) providing an opportunity for targeted prevention strategies. Research has highlighted an association between gut dysbiosis and elevated risk for CMRF such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Miami-Dade county's population is predominantly Latinx, with the largest heritage groups being of Cuban and Colombian descent. We hypothesize that gut dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity will be associated with elevated CMRF. Methods The participants will be community-living young adults recruited from the Florida International University student body and the larger community of Miami-Dade County. This study follows a cross-sectional design to examine the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, diet, physical activity, smoking, sleep, and alcohol) and gut microbiome profiles. Individuals are eligible if they are 18–22 years old, self-identify as being of Cuban or Colombian background, are willing to provide a stool sample, have not been on antibiotic treatment in the past 6 months, and do not have autoimmune conditions. Participants will complete two visits; an assessment visit to gather demographic and anthropometric data, and a collection visit where fecal samples are returned and blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and other exposures are assessed. Fecal samples will be collected using the OMNIgene-GUT kit and participants will complete two 24-hour recalls using the Automated Self-Administered Recall System (ASA24). To characterize intestinal bacteria, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing will be performed. Results N/A Conclusions The findings of this study will expand the current knowledge on the relationship between CMRF and the gut microbiome in emerging adulthood. This knowledge is necessary for the development of targeted prevention strategies for Latinx young adults who are at high risk for metabolic syndrome and other CMRF. Funding Sources NHLBI/SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University.

Associations of chronotype and sleep patterns with metabolic syndrome in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos

ABSTRACT Sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep timing have been shown to have potential effects on metabolic functions relevant to circadian rhythms. It is not clear if the impact of sleep patterns on metabolic risk factors is through sociocultural and environmental factors or circadian misalignment. We investigated the associations of sleep patterns, chronotype, and social jet lag with metabolic syndrome among non-shift worker Hispanic/Latino adults. We used cross-sectional data from the Sueño Ancillary Study of The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Data from a subsample of 2189 participants aged 18–64 years were used in the analysis. Mean nightly sleep duration, mean sleep onset time, mean sleep offset time, mean sleep midpoint time, sleep efficiency, sleep variability (standard deviation (SD) of sleep duration, and SD of sleep midpoint), and time spent above light exposure threshold (1000 lux) in a day were assessed by wrist actigraphy (Acti-watch Spectrum). Chronotype was determined by the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Medical conditions including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were determined from a fasting blood specimen and physical exam at the baseline visit. To determine whether sleep patterns, light levels, chronotype, and social jetlag are associated with metabolic syndrome, multivariable logistic regression models were fitted, including variables with P < .15 in the univariate analysis. The results of the multivariable analysis demonstrated that in participants older than 40 years, intermediate chronotype (vs early) was significantly associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (Odds ratio (95%CI): 1.33 (1.04,1.7)), while later chronotype (vs. early) in participants younger than 40 years was significantly associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (Odds ratio (95%CI): 0.37 (0.14, 0.96)). Also, higher sleep efficiency was significantly associated with decreased odds of metabolic syndrome (Odds ratio (95%CI): 0.98 (0.96, 0.99)). Nightly sleep duration was not significantly different between two groups of participants with and without metabolic syndrome in multivariable analyses. There was no significant association between social jet lag and metabolic syndrome in multivariable analysis (p = .286). Moreover, there was no significant association between chronotype and social jet lag in multivariable analysis. The association between metabolic syndrome and chronotype is age-dependent. While early chronotype is associated with metabolic syndrome in younger individuals, it tended to be associated with lower odds for metabolic syndrome in older individuals.

Predictors of Health Promotion Behaviors Among Working Adults at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome has a high global prevalence, affecting 26% of South Koreans. Lifestyle modifications have shown benefits in studies involving health behavior enhancement, specifically through workplace eating and exercise interventions. However, workplace interventions focusing on health behaviors have been inadequately explored. This study examined factors affecting health promotion behaviors of workers at high risk of metabolic syndrome by applying Theory of Planned Behavior constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention). This correlational cross-sectional study collected survey data from 164 hotel workers in South Korea. The study applied factor analysis and structural equation modeling for the data analysis. Analysis revealed five health promotion behaviors: exercise, making healthy food choices, avoiding fatty foods, eating a nutritious and balanced diet, and eating regular moderate meals. Participants were grouped as total participants, those with one risk factor, and those with two risk factors. In the "total" group, four behaviors were influenced by perceived behavioral control: exercise, making healthy food choices, eating a nutritious and balanced diet, and eating regular moderate meals. In the "one risk factor" group, intention and attitude influenced the eating regular moderate meals behavior, and two other behaviors were influenced by perceived behavioral control: exercise and eating a nutritious and balanced diet; in the "two risk factor" group, only perceived behavioral control directly affected exercise. Perceived behavioral control was a key predictor of health behaviors, and theory constructs partially explained behaviors. Perceived behavioral control influenced four behaviors and influenced exercise in all three groups. Also, theory constructs showed a greater effect on behaviors in the one risk factor group than in the two risk factor group, indicating that participants with one risk factor more effectively managed their behaviors on their own and with healthcare providers' support. Occupational health providers should conduct early assessments of workers showing metabolic syndrome risk factors to identify their particular risks, intention, and behaviors. As the number of risk factors affects behaviors and perceived behavioral control primarily influences exercise, these findings should be incorporated in metabolic syndrome interventions.

Metabolic derangement in patients with vitiligo: a cross-sectional study

Vitiligo is a pigmentary disorder resulting from progressive destruction of melanocytes in the skin. There is a growing body of evidence about higher risk of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in...

High Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Components in Lichen Planus Patients: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, involving the skin, appendages, and mucous membranes. There is a growing body of evidence about higher risk of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in some dermatoses including LP. Aim To evaluate lipid profile, leptin, and CRP status among Iranian LP patients, compared to healthy controls, and peruse the relationship between abnormal values of these parameters with the disease duration and physical characteristics of patients. Methods 40 LP patients and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Data on weight, height, lipid profile, leptin, and CRP values were recorded and compared. Results The mean values for leptin, CRP, and lipid profile parameters (except for HDL) were higher in patients, compared to controls. Total cholesterol level was negatively associated with disease duration in patients (P value: 0.039, r: −0.33). Serum leptin level was positively correlated with BMI both in patients and controls (P value: 0.037 and 0.003, respectively). In the patient group, LDL level, although insignificant, was higher in men, but HDL and leptin levels were significantly higher in women in comparison with men (P value: 0.018). Conclusion Screening of LP patients in regard to their lipid profile might be more reasonable in men or those who have other cardiovascular risk factors to prevent morbidity and mortality in result of developing cardiovascular events.

Association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein levels and metabolic status in patients with a bipolar disorder

Objectives Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are markers of inflammation that are elevated in bipolar disorder (BD) and are also related to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed at investigating for the first time the association between NLR, PLR, and CRP and the metabolic status in BD. Methods We assessed the association between biomarkers and the metabolic status: number of metabolic risk factors, presence of MetS, insulin sensitivity (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, QUICKI) and insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR index), in a sample of 219 outpatients with BD. Results 25.9% of the sample met the criteria for MetS. High levels of CRP were found in 12% of the sample. Older age, low PLR, high NLR, and high CRP levels significantly predicted a higher number of MetS risk factors (p < 0.001). Older age and low PLR were associated with a greater likelihood of developing MetS (p = 0.007). Conclusions Although further studies are needed to replicate and validate these findings, inflammatory biomarkers as CRP, PLR and NLR could be useful tools to identify patients with a BD at risk for a metabolic adverse outcome.