High Prevalence Of Sleep Disorders Research Articles

Parental report of dental pain and discomfort in preschool children is associated with sleep disorders: a cross-sectional study in Brazilian families.

To evaluate the prevalence of sleep disorders in Brazilian preschool children and its associations with parental report of dental pain and discomfort. This cross-sectional study involved 604 Brazilian preschoolers (4-5 years old). Sleep disorders (SD) and the parental report of dental pain and discomfort (DPD) were evaluated using the Brazilian versions of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ-B), respectively. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were performed to analyze the association between SDSC and DP. Prevalence of SD ranged from 7 to 21%. 7.9% of the children had DPD indicating the need for more invasive dental procedures (DDQ-B ≥ 5). Significant associations were found between DPD and the following SDSC domains: sleep hyperhidrosis (p = 0.024; PRa = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04-1.83), disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (p < 0.001; PRa = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15-1.73), parasomnias (p < 0.001; PRa = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.39-2.37), and sleep-wake transition disorders (p = 0.018; PRa = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04-1.58). Children with higher prevalence of DPD presented 20% higher prevalence of SD than children lower prevalence of DPD (p = 0.039; PRa = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.44). Preschool children with higher prevalence of DPD are more likely to have SD, such as hyperhidrosis, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, parasomnias, and sleep-wake transition.

MANAGEMENT OF STRESS INDUCED INSOMNIA THROUGH AYURVEDA

Urbanization and modernization together are the contributors to lifestyle diseases. This lifestyle impacts on health and well-being. Sleep is one among the best elixir and tonic of life. It is a natural rejuvenator to refresh every living being in the earth. Any alterations in the quantity, quality as well as the patterns of the sleep, contributes to various disorders of sleep. Sleep disturbances occur in many of the psychiatric illnesses and is also as a component of the diagnostic criteria for specific disorders. According to National institute of health, the prevalence of sleep disorders in America is approximately among 14.71 % of the population. A higher prevalence of sleep disorders related to initiation and maintenance of sleep (28%) was reported in an urban population from India. Among these sleep disorders, insomnia is the commonest clinical presentation which is 40% more common in women than in men. Severe insomnia is sleeping less than 3.5 hours in females and 4.5 hours in males, may lead to a reduced life span.

Prevalence of sleep disorders in a large French cohort of aircrew members and risk of in-flight sleepiness

Background/objectives: Sleep disorders are a critical issue for flight safety. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of sleep disorders and excessive sleepiness in the general population and some aircrews. The objectives of this study are to measure the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep disorders in aircrews, and to determine the risk factors of falling asleep during a flight. Methodsthis is a monocentric study based on questionnaires, including all professional civilian and military aircrews examined in an aeromedical center between January and May 2021. The questionnaire, created for this study, included information about socio-demographic characteristics, aeronautical experience, lifestyle, sleep habits, an Epworth sleepiness scale, and screening tests for chronic insomnia, sleep apnea syndrome and restless legs syndrome. Results749 aircrew members were included (86.2% male, 58.9% civilian, 74.1% pilot, mean age 43.4 ± 9.6 years), 45.9% of the population had at least one sleep disorder (chronic insomnia 39.5%, sleep apnea syndrome 10.5%, restless legs syndrome 4.1%), 15.5% had an excessive daytime sleepiness, and 24.6% reported in-flight sleep while on duty. Chronic insomnia, screen use before bedtime, use of sleeping pills, inadequate recovery time after a flight, female gender and civilian status were found as risk factors of in-flight sleep in the multivariate analysis. Conclusionthis study emphasizes the need to improve the screening and prevention of sleep disorders in this particular population.

Factoring and correlation in sleep, fatigue and mental workload of clinical first-line nurses in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19: A multi-center cross-sectional study.

BackgroundA better understanding of the factors and their correlation with clinical first-line nurses’ sleep, fatigue and mental workload is of great significance to personnel scheduling strategies and rapid responses to anti-pandemic tasks in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.ObjectiveThis multicenter and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the nurses’ sleep, fatigue and mental workload and contributing factors to each, and to determine the correlation among them.MethodsA total of 1,004 eligible nurses (46 males, 958 females) from three tertiary hospitals participated in this cluster sampling survey. The Questionnaire Star online tool was used to collect the sociodemographic and study target data: Sleep quality, fatigue, and mental workload. Multi-statistical methods were used for data analysis using SPSS 25.0 and Amos 21.0.ResultsThe average sleep quality score was 10.545 ± 3.399 (insomnia prevalence: 80.2%); the average fatigue score was 55.81 ± 10.405 (fatigue prevalence: 100%); and the weighted mental workload score was 56.772 ± 17.26. Poor sleep was associated with mental workload (r = 0.303, P < 0.05) and fatigue (r = 0.727, P < 0.01). Fatigue was associated with mental workload (r = 0.321, P < 0.05). COVID-19 has caused both fatigue and mental workload. As 49% of nurses claimed their mental workload has been severely affected by COVID-19, while it has done slight harm to 68.9% of nurses’ sleep quality.ConclusionIn the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the high prevalence of sleep disorders and fatigue emphasizes the importance of paying enough attention to the mental health of nurses in first-class tertiary hospitals. Efficient nursing strategies should focus on the interaction of sleep, fatigue and mental workload in clinical nurses. In that case, further research on solutions to the phenomenon stated above proves to be of great significance and necessity.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [ChiCTR2100053133].

Hygienic Characteristics of Sleep Patterns in Elementary School Children

Introduction: Sleep disturbance is a widespread and very significant sociomedical problem, the solution of which is largely dependent on preventive measures ensuring compliance with the relevant hygienic requirements. Objective: To assess the sleep schedule and risks of its breaking on school days and weekends in elementary school children. Materials and methods: In February–March 2022, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey of parents of 302 first to fourth graders (mean age: 8.21 ± 0.75 years) attending a gymnasium in the town of Balashikha, Moscow Region, to assess sleep patterns and reveal sleep disturbances in the children. Using nonparametric methods and statistical analysis programs, the relative risk (RR), odds ratio (OR), etiological fraction (EF), and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: We found that on school days, only 30.9 % of children went to bed before 9 p.m. while 15.8 % fell asleep after 10 p.m. The recommended sleep duration of more than 10 hours was observed only in 21.4 % of the schoolchildren. On weekends, the proportion of children going to bed after 10 p.m. increased to 42.6 %. Complaints of various sleep disorders were registered in 65.9 % of the children. The most pronounced risks of complaints of difficulty falling asleep were noted on weekends when going to bed after 11 p.m. (RR = 2.28; CI = 1.24–4.19; EF = 56 %). When going to bed after midnight, the risk of complaints of sleep disturbance increased (RR = 2.42; CI = 1.22–4.80; EF = 59 %). Conclusion: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of sleep disorders in elementary school children having an adverse effect on their well-being. The established risks of sleep disturbance should be taken into account when assessing and monitoring the compliance of sleep schedule with health requirements.

Disease burden of primary biliary cholangitis and associated pruritus based on a cross-sectional US claims analysis

ObjectiveIn order to identify areas of unmet need in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), this study sought to use real-world observational healthcare data to characterise the burden in patients...

The Mediating Role of Coping Style in the Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Psychiatric Nurses.

BackgroundAlthough sleep quality is clearly associated with job burnout as shown in the existing research, the mechanism underpinning such relationship remains undefined. This work, thus, aimed to assess the current situation of sleep quality and burnout in Chinese psychiatric nurses, and to analyze the relationships between sleep quality, burnout and coping style, in order to provide possible targets to enhance mental health and wellbeing among psychiatric nurses.MethodThis cross-sectional study was carried out in seven rehabilitation centers located in four different regions of China. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleeping Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey, and the Coping Style Questionnaire were distributed to 853 nurses in various mental hospitals, with a total of 664 participants being recruited in the final research.ResultsThe results of this current study showed a high prevalence of sleep disorders and burnout in Chinese psychiatric nurses. Moreover, emotional exhaustion (r = 0.456), cynicism (r = 0.323) and negative coping style (r = 0.191) in nurses were all positively correlated with total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, while professional efficacy (r = −0.079) and positive coping style (r = −0.140) were negatively correlated with total PSQI score. More interestingly, of all negative coping strategies, we found that self-blame had the most significant effect (β = 0.156).ConclusionsThe above results showed that coping style mediates the association of poor sleep quality with job burnout in Chinese psychiatric nurses. This study claimed that there is an urgent need to development the coping skills to sustain a healthy work life for nurses.

Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders Among Adolescents in Kerman, Iran, in 2019

ABSTRACT It is an important fact that the onset of adolescence is a time of both physiological and social changes that affect sleep. In this study, the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents and the association between them were investigated. Anthropometric dimensions (such as height and weight) of individuals in Kerman in 2019 were also assessed. A total of 451 adolescents (mean age: 14.72 years; 51.88% females) of Kerman, Iran, took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and then demographic (age, gender) and anthropometric data (weight and height) were collected. The prevalence of sleep disorders in this population was 31.9%. Among those with self-rated sleep disorders, 53.5% were males. Participants with sleep disorders were younger and showed lower anthropometric values such as height, weight, and body mass index. However, there was no difference between sleep disorders and gender (P-value > .05). This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents. This research was done with the aim of encouraging the healthcare organization to design educational programs to evaluate and reduce sleep disorders.

0511 Sleep Profiles in Children with 22q Deletion Syndrome: A Study of 100 Consecutive Children seen in a Multidisciplinary Clinic

Abstract Introduction While previous studies have suggested a high prevalence of sleep disorders in children with 22q deletion syndrome (22qDS), they were limited by potential selection bias. In the current investigation, we assessed sleep characteristics in 100 consecutive children presenting to a multidisciplinary clinic. Methods Chart review of consecutive children presenting to 22qDS multidisciplinary clinic was performed. Children aged 2 to 17 years of age were included, and data were abstracted including sleep characteristics (sleep history, Childhood Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ], and free response questions), comorbid medical conditions, and demographics. Results Overall, 100 children were included in analysis, 85% of whom had scores on the CSHQ consistent with clinically meaningful sleep disorder. Sleep problems were common in all domains of the CSHQ, including daytime sleepiness (66%), sleep onset delay (54%), parasomnias (52%), night wakings (52%), sleep disordered breathing (49%), sleep duration (45%), bedtime resistance (38%), and sleep anxiety (33%). Overall CSHQ score was significantly associated with daytime behavioral problems and speech delay (F(2,97) = 10.4, p &amp;lt;0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.16). The most common interventions reported to be helpful for sleep by parents were behavioral (routine, bedtime story), environmental (light avoidance at night, calming music), and pharmacologic (melatonin, clonidine). Conclusion These data confirm a high prevalence of sleep disorders in a large, unselected sample of children with 22qDS, and suggest an important relationship between sleep dysfunction and daytime behavioral challenges. Our findings highlight the potential role for multimodal treatment approaches including behavioral, environmental, and pharmacologic interventions. Support (If Any)

MO864: Sleep Disorders in a Haemodialysis Unit

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with CKD. Sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome and daytime sleepiness are much more common in haemodialysis patients than the general population. OBJECTIVE To know the prevalence of sleep problems in patients in our hospital haemodialysis unit through surveys carried out on patients. METHOD We designed a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of sleep disorders. Exclusion criteria age under 18 years. We gave 4 questionnaires to the patients in our unit: restless legs, Epworth daytime sleepiness, Berlin and Pittsburg Sleep quality. We collected demographic and clinical variables, dialysis parameters and laboratory data that could be related. Student's t-test and X-squared were applied for qualitative variables. SSps Version 15.0. RESULTS Of those surveyed, 12 had criteria for restless leg syndrome. The difference between ferritin and CRP among the RLS group was striking. Excessive daytime sleepiness is met in 10 patients. Only the CRP values were significantly higher in the group with the normal test. When associating the Epworth test and the Berlin questionnaire, we had a total of 3 patients with high risk of OSAS. 15 patients meet the criteria for poor quality of sleep in the Pittsburg questionnaire where we assess: quality, latency, efficacy and duration of sleep as well as use of medication and daytime impairment. CONCLUSION Highlight the high prevalence of sleep disorders: 24% restless leg syndrome, 20% daytime sleepiness and 30% with poor sleep quality. We must assess sleep disorders in haemodialysis patients since they present a significant deterioration in quality of life.

Questionnaire-based assessment of sleep disorders in an adult population of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Background and objectiveTuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a rare systemic disease with a high prevalence of sleep disorders (SD), although they are still largely under-recognized. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of SD in adult patients with TSC, and to evaluate the relationship between sleep, epilepsy, and TSC associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND). Materials and methodsWe administered Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to 114 adult patients referring to different Italian centers. We also collected information on epilepsy and TAND. ResultsPSQI, ISI, and ESS revealed a positive score, respectively, in 52 (46.0%), 30 (26.5%), and 16 (14.1%) patients.PSQI was positive in 26.7% of seizure free patients versus 61.9% with active epilepsy (p = 0.003), and the association remained significative applying a multivariate logistic model considering age, antiseizure medications, TAND and nocturnal epileptic seizures (p = 0.02). ISI was positive in 3.3% of seizure free patients versus 41.3% with active epilepsy (p = 0.0004). Applying a multivariate logistic model with the independent variables listed above, the association remained significant (p = 0.007).On the other hand, multivariate logistic model considering active epilepsy as an independent variable, revealed that TAND didn't appear a significant risk factor for positive PSQI (p = 0.43) nor ISI (p = 0.09). ConclusionsOur results confirmed that SD are highly prevalent in adults with TSC, with active epilepsy acting as a significant risk factor. A careful assessment of sleep, above all in epileptic patients, is of crucial importance.

Sleep: the neglected life factor in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Sleep is vital for our physical and mental health. Studies have shown that there is a high prevalence of sleep disorders and sleep difficulties amongst adults with intellectual disabilities. Despite this, sleep is often overlooked or its disorders are considered to be difficult to treat in adults with intellectual disabilities. There is a significant amount of research and guidance on management of sleep disorders in the general population. However, the evidence base for sleep disorders in adults with intellectual disabilities is limited. In this review paper, we look at the current evidence base for sleep disorders in adults with an intellectual disability, discuss collaborative working between intellectual disabilities psychiatrists and sleep medicine specialists to manage sleep disorders, and provide recommendations for future directions.

Sleep in Children With Pallister Killian Syndrome: A Prospective Clinical and Videopolysomnographic Study.

Objectives: Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder with multi-organ involvement caused by mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p. Although many caregivers report the presence of impaired sleep in their children, there are no clear data in the literature on this issue and no systematic study has ever been performed. With this study, we aimed to characterize the features of sleep in Pallister-Killian syndrome and identify the possible influence of clinical and demographic features. Moreover, our aim was to verify the effectiveness of conventional screening questionnaires in this particular group of patients.Methods: We prospectively enrolled 14 patients aged 1–17 years in collaboration with PKS Kids Italia ONLUS. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Then, video polysomnography (VPSG) of at least 24 h was performed and results were compared with a same-aged control group.Results: A total of 92% of patients had abnormal SDSC scores, extremely high in the “disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep” (DIMS) and “sleep breathing disorders” (SBD) subscales. VPSG showed a significantly impaired macrostructure in PKS patients, with a higher Arousal Index (p < 0.00001) and percentage of time spent in N3 (p < 0.00001), and reduced Sleep Efficiency (p = 0.0006). After dividing both PKS and controls into two groups based on median age, some peculiarities emerged: the younger group had higher Awakenings Index (p = 0.0207) and percentage of time spent in N1 (p = 0.015) while the older group showed higher time in bed (TIB) (p = 0.0485), compared with controls. Due to poor compliance, the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was evaluated only for 10 PKS children, being significantly increased (p = 0.0427) compared with controls. SBD subscale scores in SDSC were significantly related to AHI values in VPSG (p = 0.0099).Conclusions: This study constitutes the first attempt to describe the sleep pattern in PKS. Despite small numbers due to the rarity of the syndrome, our VPSG results confirm the high prevalence of sleep disorders (SDs) in these patients. It is therefore essential to investigate and treat them. The SDSC scale is a good screening tool for early detection also in these patients, with particular sensitivity in detecting breathing disorders.

Sleep Quality Improvement Enhances Neuropsychological Recovery and Reduces Blood Aβ42/40 Ratio in Patients with Mild-Moderate Cognitive Impairment.

Background and objectives: Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain degeneration and is associated with a high prevalence of sleep disorders. Amyloid β peptide-42/40 (Aβ42/40) and Tau-pT181 are the core biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Accumulated data from studies in mouse models and humans demonstrated an aberrant elevation of these biomarkers due to sleep disturbance, especially sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). However, it is not clear if sleep quality improvement reduces the blood levels of Ab42/40 ratio and Tau-pT181 in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a longitudinal analysis was conducted on 64 patients with mild–moderate cognition impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer’s disease accompanied by SDB. Another 33 MCI cases without sleep-disordered breathing were included as the control group. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score system. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), 24-h Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-24), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scoring systems. Aβ42, Aβ40, and Tau-pT181 protein levels in blood specimens were measured using ELISA assays. All patients received donepezil treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. SDB was managed with continuous pressure ventilation. Results: A significant correlation was found among PSQI, HRSD-24, HAMA, Aβ42/40 ratio, and Tau-pT181 level in all cases. In addition, a very strong and negative correlation was discovered between education level and dementia onset age. Compared to patients without SDB (33 non-SD cases), patients with SDB (64 SD cases) showed a significantly lower HRSD-24 score and a higher Aβ42/40 ratio Tau-pT181 level. Sleep treatment for patients with SDB significantly improved all neuropsychological scores, Aβ42/40 ratio, and Tau-pT181 levels. However, 11 patients did not completely recover from a sleep disorder (PSQI > 5 post-treatment). In this subgroup of patients, although HAMA score and Tau-pT181 levels were significantly reduced, MoCA and HRSD-24 scores, as well as Aβ42/40 ratio, were not significantly improved. ROC analysis found that the blood Aβ42/40 ratio held the highest significance in predicting sleep disorder occurrence. Conclusions: This is the first clinical study on sleep quality improvement in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Sleep quality score was associated with patient depression and anxiety scores, as well as Aβ42/40 ratio and Tau-pT181 levels. A complete recovery is critical for fully improving all neuropsychological assessments, Aβ42/40 ratio, and Tau-pT181 levels. Blood Aβ42/40 ratio is a feasible prognostic factor for predicting sleep quality.

ТАКТИКА ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПСИХОТЕРАПИИ НАРУШЕНИЙ СНА В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19

Due to the high prevalence of sleep disorders during the second and third waves, the question of the relationship between the incidence of coronavirus, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sleep is still open. The article describes for the first time the specifics of the phenomenon of COVID-SOMNIA or covid-associated sleep disorders, which includes a spectrum of changes in sleep from insomnia, restless legs syndrome to behavior disorders during the REM sleep phase. Various effects of COVID-19 on sleep disorders in patients have been shown. Different infections have different effects on the mental state and on a person’s sleep — these are sleep disorders caused by viral load. Specific clinical and psychological manifestations of covid-associated sleep disorders are described. For the first time in Russia, a model of the relationship between covid-associated anxiety, insomnia and suicidal thinking is presented. The psychological factors influencing the occurrence of the phenomenon of COVID-somnia in patients are systematized. It is shown that the risks of developing insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic consist of the presence of a number of factors in the patient: tolerance to uncertainty, covid-associated anxiety, feelings of loneliness, the presence of symptoms of depression and anxiety earlier and at the moment. For clinical psychologists, the general tactics of psychological examination of an infected patient who has undergone COVID-19, who have post-ovoid syndrome in the presence of changes in the mental state and quality of sleep are described. In short, the protocols of remote cognitive behavioral therapy of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are based on a psychological model of health anxiety and hypochondria (somatosensory amlification). It is recommended that we use cognitive refocusing therapy for insomnia (cognitive refocusing treatment) and a protocol for short-term remote cognitive behavioral therapy of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in everyday clinical practice.

Possible role of exogenous melatonin in preventing more serious COVID-19 infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

COVID-19 infection is more severe in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The severity of this viral infection is associated with an intense inflammatory activity. DM2 is a disease that also determines a greater degree of systemic inflammation. This is due to hyperglycemia, the higher prevalence of sleep disorders and also the low levels of melatonin, a substance with anti-inflammatory actions, in these patients. In this article, we suggest that exogenous melatonin may have an important anti-inflammatory role in preventing severe forms of COVID -19 in patients with DM2.

Sleep disorder trends in 1988–2018 among the 25–64 years old population in Russia/Siberia (WHO MONICA Psychosocial study)

Objective: to study sleep disorders prevalence and trends among the population of Novosibirsk (age group 25–64 years) in 1988–2018.Patients and methods. We screened a representative sample of a 25–64-year-old population: in 1988–1989 (II screening: 725 men, mean age – 43.4±0.4 years, response – 71.3%; 710 women, mean age – 44.8±0.4 years, response – 72%); in 1994–1995 (III screening: 647 men, mean age – 44.3±0.4 years, response – 82.1%; 391 women, mean age – 45.4±0.4 years, response – 72.5%); in 2003–2005 (IV screening: 576 men, mean age – 54.23±0.2 years, response – 61%; 1074 women, mean age – 54.27±0.2 years, response – 72%); in 2013–2016 (V screening: 427 men, mean age – 34±0.4 years, response – 71%; 548 women, mean age – 35±0.4 years, response – 72%); in 2016–2018 (VI screening: 275 men, mean age – 49±0.4 years, response – 72%; 390 women, mean age – 45±0.4 years, response – 75%) according to the standard MONICA Psychosocial study (MOPSY) protocol. Sleep disorders in the studied population were assessed with Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire.Results and discussion. We found a high prevalence of sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population with the following trends: decrease from 1988–1989 to 1994–1995 (men – 11 and 8.6%, women – 21.8 and 16.6% respectively); increase in 2003–2018 (men – 13.1%, women – 20.5%). An increase in sleep disorders prevalence in 2003–2018 occurred mainly due to older age groups – 45–64 years (χ2 =122.061; υ=16; p&lt;0.001 – men; χ2 =230.626; υ=16; p&lt;0.001 – women). In 1988–2018 there was a 2-fold increase in sleep disorders prevalence among women than men in all age groups. This increase in sleep disorders prevalence was associated with increasing age, reaching its maximum in the 55–64 age group (men: 1988–1989 – 20.8%, 1994–1995 – 12.1%, 2016–2018 – 19.7%; χ2 =41.093; υ=12; p&lt;0.001; women: 35.8; 21.8; 24.9% respectively; χ2 =22.01; υ=12; p&lt;0.001). Different trends were observed in 25–44 years old women in 1988–2018 and in 35–44 years old men in 2013–2016: sleep disorders prevalence decreased (25–44 years old women: in 1988–1989 – 13.7%, in 1994–1995 – 7.9%, in 2013–2016 – 5.7%; χ2 =24.715; υ=8; p&lt;0.001; 35–44 years old women 35–44: in 1988–1989 – 17.9%, in 1994–1995 – 20%, in 2013–2016 – 14.2%, in 2016–2018 – 10.3%; χ2 =21.177; υ=12; p&lt;0.001 respectively; men: in 1988–1989 – 9.5%, in 1994–1995 – 9.3%, in 2013–2016 – 4.2% and in 2016–2018 – 11%; χ2 =12.67; υ=12; p&lt;0.05 respectively).Conclusion. We found a high prevalence of sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population with the following trends: a decrease from 1988–1989 to 1994–1995; an increase in 2003–2018 mainly due to older age groups. Sleep disorders prevalence decreased in younger women in 1988–2018. There also was a 2-fold increase in sleep disorders prevalence in women than men in all age groups and with increasing age in 1988–2018.

Sleep disorders in adolescent school children in Kochi: a cross sectional study

Background: Sleep disorders in children are often undiagnosed and can negatively impact their physical and psychological health. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescent school children and to examine the association between body mass index and sleep disorders.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 purposively selected schools in Kochi among children aged 13-17 years. Pediatric sleep questionnaire was distributed among 550 students of which 229 were received back. Weight and height of the children were recorded and the BMI was calculated. Data were analysed using SPSS, version 20, and Chi-square was done to determine association.Results: The mean age of the study population was 14.56±1.311 years with equal gender distribution. 59% had sleep disorders. Parasomnia was the most common (64%) sleep disorder. Sleep talking (36%) was the most common parasomnia. Out of the total 229 children, 60 had Excessive daytime sleepiness (26.3%). 18.4% had sleep related breathing disorder, 4.37% had insomnia, 5.3% had restless legs. Delayed sleep phase disorder was seen in 13 (5.7%) of the total 229 children. BMI below 5th percentile was significantly associated with insomnia. We did not find any significant association between BMI and other categories of sleep disorders.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescent school children. Underweight in adolescents was associated with insomnia. There is a need for greater awareness of sleep disorders in children among parents and health care professionals.

Sleep medicine in Africa: past, present, and future.

Interest in sleep and sleep disorders in Africa dates back thousands of years, influenced by various cultural and religious beliefs. However, the practice of sleep medicine as a specialty has been inadequate compared to other regions of the world. The objective of this study was to explore the current status of sleep medicine in Africa vis-à-vis education, professional societies, and facilities, and to identify challenges of the specialty in the region. A literature search of major electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar) was done. This revealed that there is a high prevalence of sleep disorders in Africa and a significant association with epilepsy, human African trypanosomiasis, human immunodeficiency virus, and other diseases. There are 6 sleep societies in Africa located in 4 countries. Forty-one sleep laboratories were identified located in 4 countries. The challenges hindering development of sleep medicine in Africa include lack of awareness, poor funding, lack of facilities, and inadequate training.

Sleep disorders and their relationship to other psychiatric disorders in women with breast cancer: a case-control study

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women, impacting 2.1 million women each year. The aim of the study is to determine prevalence of sleep disorders among patients with breast cancer, its correlation with different psychological symptoms and the ability of such symptoms to predict sleep disorders among those patients. The current study is a case-control study compromised of 153 participants, 93 breast cancer patients versus 60 cross-matched healthy control persons recruited from the outpatient clinic of Oncology Department—Assiut University Hospital. Arabic versions of Beck’s Depression Inventory, symptom checklist, and Sleep Disorder Scale were used to evaluate depression, obsession, sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoia ideation, psychoticism, and sleep disorders, respectively. The correlation of this data with clinical and social variables of these patients and the effect of such variables on each other were also determined.ResultsA statistically higher prevalence of sleep disorders and depression was reported among breast cancer patients compared to the control group. Also, patients with breast cancer scored statistically higher mean scores in somatization, obsession, sensitivity, anxiety, and phobic anxiety than those of the control group.ConclusionsPrevalence of sleep disorders, depression, obsession, sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoia ideation, and psychoticism among breast cancer patients poses a challenge to the treatment of such patients. Misdiagnosis and mismanagement lead to poor treatment outcomes of both cancer disease and psychiatric disorders.