Higher Physical Activity Research Articles

Dietary inflammatory index, physical activity, body composition, and high sensitivity c-reactive protein levels in adolescent athletes in Central Java

Inflammation is the body's response to tissue damage and infection. Prolonged inflammation can increase the risk of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Some factors that can trigger inflammation are dietary patterns, high physical activity, and body composition. This study examined the correlation between dietary inflammatory index (DII), physical activity, body composition, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. It examined differences in characteristics based on gender. This study was a cross-sectional design of 55 adolescent athletes at the Student Sports Education and Training Center in Central Java. The exclusion criteria were an athlete who had a physical injury (did not participate in training) and a smoker. The DII score was calculated based on the dietary pattern using SQFFQ, anthropometric data (weight, height, and nutritional status based on BMI/age), body composition (body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass) using the BIA tool, physical activity data for the last seven days using IPAQ and hs-CRP levels using the FIA method. Our result showed that the DII score was significantly correlated with hs-CRP (p=0.013). There was no correlation between physical activity, body composition, and anthropometry with hs-CRP levels (p0.05). There were differences in body height, body weight, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass between males and females (p0.001). The diet of athletes had anti-inflammatory potential (83.6%), as evidenced by the intake of vitamins and minerals, and athletes had low hs-CRP levels 1 mg/L (85.5%), indicating that no inflammation occurred. Future longitudinal research is needed with a large population of adolescent athletes to explain the role of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets on the incidence of inflammation and measure physical exercise in athletes to reduce inflammatory bias.

The lifestyle of new middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan described by wearable device: age and gender differences.

Studies of lifestyle through comprehensive objective and subjective measurements of health outcomes are lacking. An examination of lifestyle factors in middle-aged and older adults in terms of age, gender, and the interaction effect of age and gender from physiological and psychological perspectives are imperative. Recent advances in technology such as actigraphy have facilitated objective measurements. This exploratory study contributes to research on age and gender interactions on circadian rhythm, physical activity, sleep, and psychological variables by employing wrist accelerometers to measure behavioral circadian rhythm objectively and by using questionnaires to assess psychological status subjectively. The data were drawn from 218 participants aged 50 and older from the "Middle-aged and older adults Chinese Health and Actigraphy in Taiwan (MOCHA-T)". The results: (1) older adult group is associated with declined physical activity (MVPA time 79.9min VS. 107.9min, p = .002), worse sleep efficiency (78.1% VS. 81.9%, p = .008), and earlier lifestyle (Acrophase 14.19h VS. 14.69h, p = .01) comparing to middle-aged group. (2) Women have a more regular lifestyle (Interdaily stability 0.6 VS. 051, p < 0.001), higher physical activity (MVPA time 105.7min VS. 79.3min, p = .004), and better sleep efficiency (81.6% VS. 77.8%, p = .011) than men. (3) Significant age-by-gender interactions existed in life satisfaction (p = .025), relative amplitude (p = .016), and total wake time (p = .038). Furthermore, aging was associated with significant increases in life satisfaction among men as well as significant decreases in relative amplitude and reductions in the total wake time among women. In conclusion, aging exerted differential effects on life satisfaction in men as well as relative amplitude and the total wake time in women. This result highlights disparities in lifestyle arising from interconnected social and biological challenges.

The independent and joint association between physical activity, sleep duration and daily sitting time with bone mineral density: A real world study from NHANES 2007–2018.

PurposeTo assess the independent and joint effect of physical activity, sleep duration, and daily sitting time on bone mineral density (BMD), based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. DesignCross-sectional design. MethodsThe primary outcome was risk of low BMD. All associations between lifestyle factors and the prevalence of low BMD were based on logistic regression, and dose-response relationships were further explored by restricted cubic spline (RCS). Finally, multiplicative and additive interaction was examined by P interaction and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Results10,346 individuals (N normal BMD = 6353; N Low BMD = 3993) were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression indicated low intensity physical activity (odds ratio [OR] 0.84; 95 % confidence interval [95%CI] 0.78–0.90) and high intensity physical activity (0.67, 0.56–0.78) had protective impact on risk of low BMD, whereas short sleep (1.41, 1.20–1.64), long sleep (1.36, 1.03–1.79) and prolonged daily sitting (1.58, 1.32–1.88) had harmful effect. RCS revealed dose-response associations between physical activity (J-shaped), sleep duration (U-shaped), daily sitting time (positive-associated) and risk of low BMD. Multiplicative interaction between sleep duration and physical activity was observed (P interaction = 0.003), while not between daily sitting time and physical activity (P interaction = 0.600). Notably, negative additive interactions indicated that physical activity mitigated the increased risk of low BMD associated with irregular sleep patterns and prolonged sedentary behavior. ConclusionIncreasing physical activity was presented as a modulating factor, potentially altering the relationship between independent variables that have deleterious effects on BMD like sleep duration and sedentary behavior. The study underscores the importance of lifestyle modifications in the prevention of early onset low BMD.

The Effect of Extracurricular Education on the Motor Activity of School Children

Developing the population's physical activity (especially children and adolescents) is an integral part of the international strategy "Health for all in the XXI century". The purpose of our research is aimed at the development of children's motor activity, which is an integral part of the nation's health. Methods. 28 students aged 8-12 took part in the study (14 children who were engaged in go-karting - boys - 10 people and 4 girls and 14 children who were engaged in beadwork - of them 2 boys and 12 girls). The level of physical condition was assessed with the help of G. L. Apanasenko's express-diagnosis system, and the cognitive sphere of children (memory, attention, thinking) was studied according to L. Vygotskyi. Statistical methods were used for data processing and verification in the Statistica 6.0 program. During the research, it was established that in practice (karting and bead weaving) both mechanisms (educational/developmental and physical activity) are involved. In other words, moderate or high physical activity involving complex movements or rules will positively affect cognitive development. Conclusion. We found that children are influenced not only by sports but also by clubs that are part of the activities of extracurricular education institutions.

Decision-making under heat stress: Examining risk-taking and reflection impulsivity dynamics in the context of fatigue and vitality

Introduction &amp; Purpose Acute high temperatures and physical activity induce physiological and psychophysiological stress (Périard et al., 2021). In athletes or professions like firefighting, core body temperatures often exceed 38.5 °C (Barr et al. 2010; Schmit et al., 2017). In this hyperthermic state, firefighters must make critical decisions impacting their safety and that of others. This study investigated the effects of heat stress (passive alone or combined with walking) on decision-making, focusing on reflective impulsivity and risk-taking behaviour. Secondly, we examined how both heat stressors (passive and active) impact subjective feelings of fatigue and vitality, and we explored how fatigue and vitality levels moderate these effects. Methods A sample of 36 healthy men (age: M = 26.94, SD = 3.25) participated in a repeated measures design with two experimental groups equipped with firefighting clothing. They were exposed to either passive heat stress (EG1) or a combination of passive and active heat stress (EG2), and a control group (CG) receiving no heat and physical stress. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) for risk-taking behaviour and the Beads Task (BT) for reflection impulsivity were applied to test cognitive performance. Thermal comfort (TC), thermal sensation (TS), rating-of-fatigue (Micklewright et al., 2017) and vitality (Buchner et al., 2022) were recorded every five minutes. Passive heat stress was induced through sauna exposure (30 min, 60 °C; 40% relative humidity). Additionally, the EG2 performed two subsequent walks on the treadmill to reach 38.5 °C body core temperature (à 20 min). Cognitive tests were performed before heat exposure (T1), after sauna (T2) and after subsequent activity in EG2 or after an equally long rest period in EG1 (T3). CG watched a documentary. Linear Mixed Models (LMM) analysed the effects of group and time on reflection impulsivity (Draws to Decision [DTD]), risk-taking behaviour (pumps), fatigue, and vitality. Results This study found no significant changes for EG1 and EG2 over time (p = .37, p = .43) in reflection impulsivity (DTD) or risk-taking behaviour (pumps) across different heat conditions (p = .58, p = .84) and interaction (p = .38, p = .93) compared to CG. Including random slopes for random effect of time across fatigue (p &lt; .001) or vitality (p = .001) resulted in a significant deterioration of the model. EG1 showed a significant increase in fatigue to T2 compared to the CG (p &lt; .001) and to T3 (p &lt; .001). In EG2, fatigue increased significantly to T3 (p = .022). In EG1, vitality decreased significantly to T2 (p = .002), and to T3 (p = .020). Including TC as random effect improved the overall model fit significantly (p = .005). Discussion and Conclusion Passive heat stress increased fatigue, and decreased vitality in EG1. However, walking in EG2 prevented this vitality decline, suggesting a protective effect of physical activity. Thermal comfort influenced both fatigue and vitality. Interestingly, neither reflective impulsivity nor risk-taking behaviour were affected by heat stress or changes in fatigue and vitality.

A Retrospective Study Examining Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels Among Asthma Patients Using the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Database.

Regular physical activity benefits respiratory health by reducing the risk of developing asthma. This is achieved by reducing bronchial hyperresponsiveness and preventing lung function decline. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of self-reported physical activity among asthma patients in the United States in 2021, based on demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access variables. The original research study was conducted using the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database for the year 2021. Data regarding asthma status, physical activity, age, gender, race, education level, income level, employment status, and time since the last routine check-up were collected. In the BRFSS study conducted in the USA in 2021, there were 43,6121 participants in total. Of these, 61,362 (14.07%) had asthma and 374,759 (85.93%) did not; 43,678 (71.2%) participants with asthma were engaging in physical activity while 17,684 (28.8%) were not. In the group of participants who did not have the disease, 285,932 (76.3%) were engaging in physical activity and 88,827 (23.7%) were not. Demographically, the highest physical activity among those with asthma was observed in the age group of 18 to 24 years (4,079, 83%), male participants (17,725, 76.4%), and white non-Hispanics (31,964, 72.5%). Higher physical activity levels among asthma patients were associated with advanced education 31,947 (76.5%), employment 23,233 (79.8%), and annual incomes exceeding $150,000, 4,091 (89.9%). Participants who self-reported not having asthma have a higher prevalence of physical activity in all categories studied. There is a significant association between physical activity and self-reported asthma, shaped by demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as the frequency of routine medical check-ups.

Prevalence and Association Between Sedentary Behavior and Suicidality Among College Students of Pre-Medical and Pre-Engineering Disciplines

Background: The mental health of college students, especially those in pre-medical and pre-engineering disciplines, is increasingly concerning due to academic pressures and sedentary behavior, which can lead to suicidal ideation (SI).Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and association between sedentary behavior and SI among pre-medical and pre-engineering college students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 students (100 pre-medical, 100 pre-engineering) from Government Degree College, Booni, Gilgit-Baltistan, using self-reported measures. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and SI was evaluated with the Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and independent t-tests using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.Results: Pre-medical students showed higher sedentary behavior (59% high activity) and SI rates (52% minimal risk, 34% low risk, 12% moderate risk, 2% high risk) compared to pre-engineering students, who had 74% high physical activity and 91% minimal risk SI. Significant differences were found in physical activity (t(200) = -3.45, p &lt; .05) and SI (t(200) = 5.83, p &lt; .05) between groups.Conclusion: Promoting physical activity may protect against SI among college students, particularly those in high-pressure academic disciplines.

Active longevity and aging: dissecting the impacts of physical and sedentary behaviors on longevity and age acceleration.

To examine the associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with longevity and age acceleration (AA) using observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, and quantify the mediating effects of lipids. In Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), PA and SB were assessed by the Chinese Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Longevity was defined as participants whose age at follow-up or at death was at or above the 90th age percentile. AA was defined as the residual resulting from a linear model that regressed phenotypic age against chronological age. Linear regression and Poisson regression with robust error variance were used to assess the associations of total and specific PA in different intensities, and SB with AA and longevity, yielding βs or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two-sample MR was conducted to examine the causal effects. Mediation analysis was used to assess the mediating effects of lipids. Of 20,924 participants aged 50 + years in GBCS, during an average follow-up of 15.0years, compared with low PA, moderate and high PA were associated with higher likelihood of longevity (RR (95% CI): 1.56 (1.16, 2.11), 1.66 (1.24, 2.21), respectively), and also cross-sectionally associated with lower AA (β (95% CI): -1.43 (-2.41, -0.45), -2.09 (-3.06, -1.11) years, respectively). Higher levels of moderate PA (MPA) were associated with higher likelihood of longevity and lower AA, whereas vigorous PA (VPA) showed opposite effects. The association of PA with longevity observed in GBCS was mediated by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 8.23% (95% CI: 3.58-39.61%), while the association with AA was mediated through LDL-C, triglycerides and total cholesterol by 5.13% (3.94-7.30%), 7.81% (5.98-11.17%), and 3.37% (2.59-4.80%), respectively. Additionally, in two-sample MR, SB was positively associated with AA (β (95% CI): 1.02 (0.67, 1.36) years). PA showed protective effects on longevity and AA, with the effects being partly mediated through lipids. Conversely, SB had a detrimental impact on AA. MPA was associated with higher likelihood of longevity and reduced AA, whereas VPA showed adverse effects. Our findings reinforce the recommendation of "sit less and move more" to promote healthy longevity, and highlight the potential risks associated with VPA in the elderly.

Association between physical activity and sedentary behavior and depression in US adults with cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2007–2016

BackgroundPrevious studies reported the effect of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior (SB) on increasing occurrence of depression in patients with cardiovascular disease, leading to a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes. However, the association between the combination of PA and SB and depression in patients with cardiovascular disease remained unstudied. MethodsPatients with cardiovascular disease (aged ≥18 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between PA, SB, and depression. ResultsAmong the 2585 patients (mean age 64.43 years; 54.65 % male) in this study, the prevalence of depression was 16.40 %. After adjustment for age, gender, race, education level, marital status, poverty income ratio, employment status, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, hypertension, and number of cardiovascular diseases, depression was negatively associated with higher PA (adjusted OR = 0.567, 95 % CI 0.403, 0.799) and positively associated with higher SB (adjusted OR = 1.472, 95 % CI 1.089, 1.990), respectively. The risk of depression associated with higher PA and lower SB was significantly lower (adjusted OR = 0.464, 95 % CI 0.307, 0.702) compared to those with lower PA but higher SB. LimitationsThis was a cross-sectional study with limited ability to make causal inferences. ConclusionsOur findings indicate that patients with higher PA and lower SB have a lower risk of depression than those with low PA levels and high SB levels. Moving more and sitting less is a potential preventive measure against depression in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Bi-directional associations of core affect and physical activity in adults with higher body weight: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Affect is known to be predictive of and enhanced by higher physical activity (PA) levels in the general population. This secondary analysis aimed to increase the understanding of the bi-directional relationship between PA and core affect (i.e. valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) among adults with higher body weight. Affect and PA were assessed in naturalistic settings via ecological momentary assessment using a mixed sampling scheme from 157 participants (body mass index: 32.99 ± 3.78 kg/m2). Multilevel models revealed that being more physically active in the 15 minutes prior to the assessment predicted an increase in energetic arousal and a decrease in calmness. Subsequently, feeling more energetic and agitated was associated with increased PA within the following 15 minutes. Valence (i.e. pleasure-displeasure) was not associated with PA nor predictive of subsequent PA. Digital PA interventions may target the enhancement of feelings of energy and present psychoeducation about these distinct psychological benefits.

Physical activity and frontoparietal network connectivity in traumatic brain injury.

Prolonged changes to functional network connectivity as a result of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may relate to long-term cognitive complaints reported by TBI survivors. No interventions have proven to be effective at treating long-term cognitive complaints after TBI but physical activity has been shown to promote cognitive function and modulate functional network connectivity in non-injured adults. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test if physical activity engagement was associated with functional connectivity of the cognitively relevant frontoparietal control network (FPCN) in adults with a TBI history. In a case-control study design, resting state function magnetic resonance imaging and physical activity data from a subset of participants (18-81 years old) from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) study was analyzed. Fifty-seven participants reported a prior head injury with loss of consciousness and 57 age and sex matched controls were selected. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses were performed using seeds in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobule, to test for differences in functional connectivity between groups, associations between physical activity and functional connectivity within TBI as well as differential associations between physical activity and functional connectivity between TBI and controls. Seed-based connectivity analyses from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed that those with a history of TBI had decreased positive connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and intracalcarine cortex, lingual gyrus, and cerebellum, and increased positive connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus and frontal pole in the TBI group. Results showed that higher physical activity was positively associated with increased connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior temporal gyrus. Differential associations were observed between groups whereby the strength of the physical activity-functional connectivity association was different between the inferior parietal lobule and inferior temporal gyrus in TBI compared to controls. Individuals with a history of TBI show functional connectivity alterations of the FPCN. Moreover, engagement in physical activity is associated with functional network connectivity of the FPCN in those with a TBI. These findings are consistent with the evidence that physical activity affects FPCN connectivity in non-injured adults; however, this effect presents differently in those with a history of TBI.

Leisure Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activities, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assesses the association between leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and CVD risk among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, considering genetic predisposition to CVD. This cohort study included 157 794 participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease from the UK Biobank who were free of CVD at baseline. The study measured leisure-time sedentary behaviors (watching TV, using a computer, and driving) and physical activities (walking for pleasure, light and heavy do-it-yourself activities, strenuous sports, and other exercises) in terms of frequency and duration over the 4 weeks before assessment. Both a Cox proportional hazard model and an isotemporal substitution model were utilized in the study to assess the association between leisure sedentary behavior, physical activities, and CVD risk. During a median 12.5 years of follow-up, 26 355 CVD cases were reported, including 19 746 coronary heart disease, 4836 stroke, and 7398 heart failure cases. High physical activity levels were linked to a significantly lower risk of CVD (21%), coronary heart disease (20%), stroke (15%), and heart failure (31%). In contrast, individuals with >6.5 h/d of sedentary behavior faced a 16% to 21% higher risk of these conditions compared with those with ≤3.5 h/d. Notably, replacing 30 minutes of inactivity with physical activity reduced CVD risks by 3% to 16%, particularly with strenuous sports. A significant interaction was observed between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and genetic predisposition in relation to stroke risk. Among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, higher leisure-time physical activity levels correlate with reduced CVD risks, while increased sedentary behavior is linked to higher CVD risks. Replacing sedentary time with physical activity consistently shows benefits in reducing CVD outcomes, irrespective of genetic predisposition.

The Association Between Physical Activity and risk for breast cancer in US female adults: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2011–2020

BackgroundBreast cancer poses a significant threat to women's health worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the association between various levels of physical activity and the incidence of breast cancer. MethodsThe data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), spanning 2011 to 2020. The study included female participants aged 20 years or older, who provided detailed data on breast cancer incidence, physical activity levels, and other pertinent variables. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analyses, alongside subgroup and sensitivity analyses. ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that compared to individuals with low physical activity (<600 METs min/week), light physical activity (600 to < 1800 METs min/week), moderate physical activity (1800 to < 3000 METs min/week) and high physical activity (≥3000 METs min/week) were associated with breast cancer with adjusted ORs of 0.95 (95 % CI 0.68–1.34, P = 0.787), 0.92 (95 % CI 0.57–1.49, P = 0.747), and 0.56 (95 % CI 0.37–0.86, P = 0.009) respectively. These results were consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses. ConclusionHigh-intensity physical activity may decrease the risk of breast cancer, highlighting the importance of proactively implementing healthy lifestyle interventions to protect the health of adult women.

High incidence of post-operative re-sprain following suture tape implantation for anterior talofibular ligament insufficiency and risk factors for post-operative re-sprain.

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) insufficiency encompasses situations in which (i) frequent sprains cause ATFL loss, as evidenced by ATFL non-visualization on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging; or (ii) minimal healthy ATFL tissue for repair is left after the removal of the large os subfibulare. Suture tape implantation can be indicated for these cases rather than conventional ligament repair. This study was designed to investigate the incidence of post-operative re-sprain in patients who underwent suture tape implantation for ATFL insufficiency, and risk factors influencing the occurrence of post-operative re-sprain were identified. A total of 68 patients who underwent suture tape implantation for ATFL insufficiency from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The minimum follow-up duration for inclusion was 2 years after surgery. All included patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of post-operative re-sprain during the follow-up period. Multiple clinico-radiographic parameters were measured, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing post-operative re-sprain. Post-operative re-sprain occurred in 19 of the 68 patients (27.9%), and multiple re-sprains persisted in 7 patients (10.3%). Post-operative re-sprain was more likely to occur in patients who smoked after surgery (odds ratio [OR], 3.510), had generalized ligament laxity (OR, 4.364) and engaged in occupations requiring high physical activity levels (OR, 4.421), including soldiers, professional athletes, student-athletes and mailmen. The incidence of multiple post-operative re-sprains was high after suture tape implantation for ATFL insufficiency. Caution is particularly warranted in patients with risk factors, necessitating meticulous attention to their care. Careful consideration of strategies to mitigate risks when performing the surgery is also recommended. Level III.

Physical activity modifies cognitive impairment-associated mortality risks among chronic kidney disease

BackgroundOlder chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients frequently face unrecognized cognitive impairment and excess mortality. Physical activity (PA) reduces cognitive decline but whether PA modifies cognitive impairment-associated mortality remains unknown. MethodsFrom 2005 to 2011, 30,561 older Taiwanese CKD patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into intact cognition (≥8 scores), mild (6–7 scores), and severe (≤5 scores) cognitive impairment groups by the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), and were also categorized into high-PA (≥60 min/week of moderate-intensity PA), low-PA (20–60 min/week) or inactive (<20 min/week) groups. Cox regression was conducted to evaluate the individual and joint associations of cognitive impairment and PA on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 4.52 years, the all-cause mortality were higher in CKD patients with severe (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05–2.60) and mild (aHR 1.74; CI 1.51–1.99) cognitive impairment than cognitively intact ones. Remarkably, decreased PA amount interacted and amplified the cognitive impairment-associated mortality risks. Notably, the high-PA status linked to lower overall mortality risks both in mild (aHR 0.65; CI 0.45–0.93) and severe (aHR 0.73; CI 0.54–0.99) cognitively-impaired patients as compared to inactivity. Survival tree analysis indicated the least mortality in those with high PA and >8 SPMSQ scores. Similar associations were found in the cardiovascular mortality. LimitationsResidual confounding and single ethnicity. ConclusionsCognitive impairment defined by SPMSQ was progressively associated with higher mortality among elderly CKD. Higher PA linked to lower cognitive impairment-associated death risks, and could be promoted for longevity benefits.

Association between physical activity & sedentary time on frailty in adults with chronic kidney disease: Cross-sectional NHANES study

ObjectiveA considerable percentage of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are reported to be frail. Lower physical activity and higher sedentary time are most consistently associated with frailty among the potentially alterable risk factors. Although the single effect of physical activity or sedentary time on suppressing frailty have been widely studied, whether physical activity can mitigate or counteract the detrimental consequences of higher sedentary time on frailty among CKD population has never been explored. This study aims to explore whether and to what extent the correlation between sedentary time and frailty was diminished by physical activity among CKD population. Study design and settingData were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 to 2018 cycles. Frailty index was assessed using 49-item deficit model. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using the Global Activity Questionnaire. Weighted binary logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline models and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the aforementioned relationship. ResultsThe final sample included 2551 adults aged ≥20 years with CKD, which is represented a weighted number of 4.98 million noninstitutionalized US population. In the fully adjusted model, the group with low physical activity was 1.56 (95 % CI:1.19, 2.03) times more likely to develop frailty than the group with high physical activity and each unit of increase of sedentary time was associated with an 41 % increased risk of frailty (OR = 1.41, 95 % CI = 1.04–1.89). Our findings also indicated that engaging in 1240–6200 MET-min/week of high physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of frailty related to moderate-to-high sedentary time among CKD population (OR = 0.69, 95 % CI = 0.49–0.99, P = 0.044). In subgroup analyses, high physical activity was associated with a 0.43-fold (95%CI: 0.24, 0.77) decreased risk of moderate-to-high sedentary time associated with frailty in female groups and a significant modification effect of gender was uncovered (Pinteraction = 0.024). ConclusionHigh physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of frailty related to moderate-to-high sedentary time in adults with CKD, especially in females subgroups.

The associations of emotion regulation, self-compassion, and perceived lifestyle discrepancy with breast cancer survivors' healthy lifestyle maintenance.

Unhealthy lifestyle increases the risk of comorbidities, reduced quality of life, and cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors. It is important to identify emotional and cognitive factors that may affect the maintenance of ahealthy lifestyle over time. This study examined the associations of perceived lifestyle discrepancy, self-compassion, and emotional distress with the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle among breast cancer survivors and the mediating role of emotion regulation patterns (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) in these associations. A total of 145 female breast cancer survivors aged 31-77 completed self-reports on healthy lifestyle maintenance, perceived lifestyle discrepancy, self-compassion,emotional distress,and emotion regulation patterns. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Mean physical activity and healthy diet maintenance scores were moderate. The structural equation modeling analysis showed good fit indicators (χ2 = 4.21, df = 10, p = .94; χ2/df = 0.42; NFI = .98; TLI = 1.09; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = .00, 95% CI (.00, .02)). Lower perceived lifestyle discrepancy was directly associated with higher physical activity (β = -.34, p < .01) and healthy diet (β =-.39, p < .01). Cognitive reappraisal was associated with higher physical activity (β = .19, p < .01), and expressive suppression was associated with lower physical activity (β = -.19, p < .01), and both mediated the association between self-compassion and physical activity. The mediated associations reported in this study indicate that psychosocial factors, especially self-compassion, perceived lifestyle discrepancy, and emotional regulation patterns, are relevant to healthy lifestyle maintenance among breast cancer survivors, because solely providing healthy lifestyle recommendations does not motivate individuals to adhere to them. Short-term structured psychosocial interventions designed to reduce perceived health discrepancy and strengthen self-compassion should be implemented and their effect on lifestyle should be further evaluated.

Associations of Park Use with Physical Activity in Renovated Parks Serving Low-Income Communities in New York City: Insights from the Community Parks Initiative.

Parks have the potential to encourage physical activity among urban communities. However, existing research on the link between park use and physical activity has produced inconsistent results. Mixed findings in the past may be due in part to differences in park quality across studies. The aim of this study was to explore the association between park use and physical activity among New York City adults in low-income communities that recently received city-sponsored park renovation as part of the Community Parks Initiative (CPI). Using population-weighted survey data from eight neighborhoods with recent park renovation (n = 2,000), we measured associations between park use frequency (≥ once/week vs. < once/week) and self-reported physical activity (high vs. low-moderate based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire). We adjusted models for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, income, study site, and use of other (non-CPI) parks, and conducted stratified analysis for demographic variables with significant interactions with park use. After adjusting for covariates, we observed a positive association between park use and physical activity (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.16-1.46). Greater frequency of park use was more strongly associated with high physical activity among adults ≤ 50 y (PR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.14-1.69), individuals with annual household income < $25,000 (PR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.13-2.08), and Latinos (PR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.44-2.18). Our findings suggest that high-quality parks might be particularly beneficial for promoting physical activity among those with a lower socioeconomic background and in younger and Latino adults, emphasizing the importance of continued investment in park revitalization among urban communities of color.

Sedentary behavior and associated factors on admissions to internal medicine wards.

The relationship between sedentary lifestyle and chronic diseases is well known. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with reduced physical activity (PA) among internal medicine inpatients on admission. In this single-center, cross-sectional study, inpatients aged 50years or older were prospectively enrolled at a tertiary care facility in Ankara, Türkiye. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Care and performance indicators, quality of life (EQ-5D 3L), nutritional status, timed up-and-go test, muscle strength, and cognitive status were assessed. Participants were classified into 3 groups of PA levels as low, moderate, and high. Study end points were the prevalence of low PA level and associated factors. Of the 240 participants (mean age: 62.7 ± 8.0years; women: 50%), 47.1% (n = 113), 40.8% (n = 98) and 12.1% (n = 29) had low, moderate, and high PA, respectively. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (45.1%), hypertension (66.4%), coronary artery disease (41.6%), dementia (8.8%), and multimorbidity (53.1%) were more common in the low PA group. Outdoor walking < 3days per week (OR: 4.44, 95% CI 1.55 to 12.74, p = 0.006, functional dependence in and outside home (OR: 4.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 15.92, p = 0.032) and EQ-5D VAS score (OR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99, p = 0.011) were independently associated with low PA level on multivariable logistic regression analysis. This study found low or medium levels of PA in almost nine out of ten admissions to an internal medicine clinic. On the other hand, low PA level was not associated with most classical comorbidities but with altered performance and care indicators.

Aging Suit and Motor Performance in Young Adults: Effects Depend on Why the Suit is Worn!

By 2030, one in six people worldwide will be at least 60 years old, with associated sensorimotor changes that complicate daily activities. Aging suits simulate these conditions for younger individuals to enhance their empathy and understanding of older adults' challenges. Research on aging suits has recently increased, with evidence that these suits impair younger adults' motor performance, but a greater understanding of the motor changes induced by aging suits and to identify any factors that may modify them more research is needed. In this research, we explored how the presentation of the suit and the wearer's physical activity level affected motor performance. We divided 95 younger adults into two groups: (a) one informed about the suit's aging properties (aging suit group); and (b) one in which participants were told that it was a posture training suit (posture training group). Each group was further divided into low and high physical activity levels by a median-split method. Participants completed two fine motor tasks (i.e., placing and building bricks) and two gross motor tasks (i.e., heel-to-toe walking and figure-of-eight walking/running) with and without the suit. The aging suit significantly affected motor performance on all tasks, but participants aware that it was an aging suit performed worse on the figure-of-eight walking/running task than participants who thought it was a posture training suit. In addition, for the same motor task, the groups engaged in low physical activity were more affected by wearing the suit than those engaged in high physical activity. Thus, how aging suits are presented and the general activity level of wearers significantly influenced the aging suits' effects on motor performance. The findings from this study can guide future researchers in validating the use of these suits in larger studies.