Association between physical activity and sedentary behavior and depression in US adults with cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2007–2016

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies reported the effect of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior (SB) on increasing occurrence of depression in patients with cardiovascular disease, leading to a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes. However, the association between the combination of PA and SB and depression in patients with cardiovascular disease remained unstudied. MethodsPatients with cardiovascular disease (aged ≥18 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between PA, SB, and depression. ResultsAmong the 2585 patients (mean age 64.43 years; 54.65 % male) in this study, the prevalence of depression was 16.40 %. After adjustment for age, gender, race, education level, marital status, poverty income ratio, employment status, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, hypertension, and number of cardiovascular diseases, depression was negatively associated with higher PA (adjusted OR = 0.567, 95 % CI 0.403, 0.799) and positively associated with higher SB (adjusted OR = 1.472, 95 % CI 1.089, 1.990), respectively. The risk of depression associated with higher PA and lower SB was significantly lower (adjusted OR = 0.464, 95 % CI 0.307, 0.702) compared to those with lower PA but higher SB. LimitationsThis was a cross-sectional study with limited ability to make causal inferences. ConclusionsOur findings indicate that patients with higher PA and lower SB have a lower risk of depression than those with low PA levels and high SB levels. Moving more and sitting less is a potential preventive measure against depression in patients with cardiovascular disease.