High Oxygen Evolution Potential Research Articles

Optimized Fabrication of TiO2 Nanotubes Array/SnO2-Sb/Fe-Doped PbO2 Electrode and Application in Electrochemical Treatment of Dye Wastewater

A TiO2 nanotubes array/SnO2-Sb/Fe-doped PbO2 electrode with high oxygen evolution potential and enhanced electrochemical oxidation performance was successfully manufactured. The surface morphology and electrochemical performance of the electrode were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope, linear sweep voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. The effect of Fe doping concentration on the electrode performance was also investigated. This study shows the doping of Fe on a PbO2 electrode improved the micro-morphology and the conductivity of the electrode. The oxygen evolution potential was also increased to 1.95 V [versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE)] via Fe doping. The optimal condition of Fe doping concentration was 0.02 M. The optimized electrode showed that the decoloration rate and total organic carbon removal ratio of methylene blue approached 98% and 96% after 30 min of electrochemical treatment, respectively. The accelerated lifetime of the optimized Fe-doped electrode was approximately 4.3 times larger than that of the undoped PbO2 electrode. A Ti/TiO2 nanotubes array/SnO2-Sb/Fe-doped PbO2 anode shows potential application in the electrochemical treatment of organic dye wastewater.

Construction of a bifunctional electrode interface for efficient electrochemical mineralization of recalcitrant pollutants

To further improve the electrochemical performance of a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode, a two-dimensional, macroporous, Sb-doped SnO2 film is constructed on BDD to obtain a bifunctional electrode interface (denoted Mp-SnO2/BDD) with an ordered, monolayer, photonic-crystal template using a sol-gel method. SEM images confirm that the SnO2 film consisted of innumerable, uniform, nanosized SnO2 particles and numerous macropores with diameters of 200–300 nm, and some BDD polycrystallites are exposed in those macropores. The microstructure endows Mp-SnO2/BDD with a high oxygen evolution potential (2.23 V), good conductivity (175 O), and excellent electrocatalytic activity. To evaluate the degradation capability, the electrocatalytic oxidation of a high concentration of clofibric acid (CA) is studied in detail. The CA and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals on Mp-SnO2/BDD are above 90% after 240 min. The degradation rate constant on Mp-SnO2/BDD is 1.6 times that on BDD. Compared with BDD and traditional SnO2/Ti, Mp-SnO2/BDD exhibites a higher instantaneous current efficiency and lower electrochemical energy consumption. In addition, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the intermediates in the degradation process and proposed three possible oxidative decomposition pathways for CA. Mp-SnO2/BDD is expected to be a promising anode for organic wastewater treatment.

Fe(CN)63− ion-modified MnO2/graphene nanoribbons enabling high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors

Fe(CN)63− ion-modified MnO2/graphene ribbons can provide extra pseudocapacitance from the Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64− redox reaction for high energy density supercapacitors.

Fabrication of Nano-Structured Stacked Sphere SnO2-Sb Electrode with Enhanced Performance Using a Situ Solvothermal Synthesis Method

A titanium-base nano-coating Sb-doped SnO2 electrode with a nano-scaled sphere-stacking structure was successfully fabricated using a solvothermal synthesis approach to enhance electrochemical performance through the formation of a nano-sized catalyst layer. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the nano-coated SnO2-Sb electrode had very small (23 nm) catalyst grains that had a stacked sphere appearance, and thus a much greater specific surface area than the control electrode (SnO2-Sb prepared by a dip-coating method, 106 nm grain size). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that the nano-coated electrode possessed a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies, which provided many more active centers for the formation of adsorbed Oxygen (Oads), which increased the production of •OH radicals and therefore the catalytic activity of organic pollutant degradation. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the electrode with a nano-structure coating had a higher oxygen evolution potential (2.1 V, vs. Ag/AgCl) and smaller charge transfer resistance (49 Ω) than the control (1.95 V and 93 Ω). A kinetic analysis of the electrochemical degradation of phenol showed that the first-order kinetic rate constant for the nano-coated electrode was 1.72 times higher than the control. Accelerated service life testing showed that the stability of this novel fabricated electrode was 15 h, which was nearly 11 times longer than that of non-nano SnO2-Sb electrode.

Improved degradation of the aqueous flutriafol using a nanostructure macroporous PbO2 as reactive electrochemical membrane

In order to develop an electrochemical technology with low-energy consumption for water treatment applications, we fabricated a novel reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) operated in cross-flow filtration mode. The REM with three-dimensional ordered macroporous PbO2 (3DEM-PbO2) film was synthesized via templated deposition that was based on a porous Ti substrate. Compared to conventional flat Ti/PbO2 (F-Ti/PbO2) electrode, the 3DEM-PbO2 possessed larger specific surface area (38.89m2g−1), higher oxygen evolution potential (OEP, 1.9V), larger Voltammetric charge (238 mC cm−2) and smaller electron transfer resistance (1.43Ω). Furthermore, advection-enhanced mass transfer was obtained when the 3DEM-PbO2 REM is operated in an electrochemical filtration reactor (EFR), relative to a traditional batch reactor (BR). The electrochemical mineralization experiments with flutriafol (FTF) demonstrated that the 3DEM-PbO2 REM operated in the EFR was active for FTF and TOC removal at a low current density of 5mAcm−2. The oxidation current efficiency of REM operated in a EFR was much higher than that of conventional electrochemical system, and the corresponding energy consumption was lower (0.0505 kWh g−1 FTF, at FTF removal of 75%). The hydroxyl radicals (·OH) production and its utilization rate of the REM was significantly improved, resulting from a combination of the strong catalytic activity of 3DEM-PbO2 and the enhanced mass transfer by filtration mode. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was carried out to help explain the improvement of oxidation performance with 3DEM-PbO2 REM in a EFR. Eventually, the electrocatalysis experiments of practical wastewater demonstrated the extreme promise of 3DEM-PbO2 REM for tailwater advanced treatment applications.

Preparation and characterization of a novel Ce doped PbO2 electrode based on NiO modified Ti/TiO2NTs substrate for the electrocatalytic degradation of phenol wastewater

A novel of Ti/TiO2NTs/NiO/Ce-PbO2 electrode was constructed by electrodeposition technique. Characterization experiments including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to evaluate the performance of Ti/TiO2NTs/NiO/Ce-PbO2 electrode. The results show that, compared with the Ti/TiO2NTs/PbO2 and Ti/TiO2NTs/Ce-PbO2 electrode, the novel Ti/TiO2NTs/NiO/Ce-PbO2 electrode with more compact surface and a fine grain size possessed smaller charge transfer resistance and higher oxygen evolution potential. The Ti/TiO2NTs/NiO/Ce-PbO2 had higher electrochemical activity than those of other three kinds of electrodes due to the larger electrochemical active surface area. Phenol was employed as a model organic pollutant for electrochemical degradation to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of the novel Ti/TiO2NTs/NiO/Ce-PbO2 electrode. The removal efficiency of phenol and TOC reached 100.0% and 98.1% respectively after 180min under the optimal conditions. In addition, the degradation of phenol followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results demonstrated that the Ti/TiO2NTs/NiO/Ce-PbO2 with enhanced electrochemical performance is a promising material for degrading organic pollutants.

Electrochemical Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Aqueous Medium by (B4C/C)‐β‐PbO2 Electrode

(B4C/C)‐β‐PbO2 electrodes were prepared by high‐pressure molding technique and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, polarization curves, cyclic voltammetry curves, and corrosion resistance test. In this paper, the effects of initial concentration, current density, electrolyte concentration, pH, and electrode spacing on tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation were investigated. Results indicated that modified electrode had high electrochemical activities, high oxygen evolution potential, and excellent corrosion resistance. The maximum removal rate of TCH could reach 90.87% at initial concentration of 300 mg/L after 120 min electrolysis with Na2SO4 concentration of 0.2 mol/L, electrode spacing of 1 cm, current density of 30 mA/cm2, and pH 3. Pseudo‐first‐order kinetics equation was followed during electrocatalytic degradation of TCH with 20%(B4C/C)‐β‐PbO2 electrode.

Fabrication and Electrocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanotubes Based Electrode with High Oxygen Evolution Potential

Fabrication and Electrocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanotubes Based Electrode with High Oxygen Evolution Potential

Structural and electronic properties of screen-printed Fe2O3/TiO2 thick films and their photoelectrochemical behavior

Nanostructured Fe2TiO5 thick films were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate using screen printing technology. Starting hematite and anatase nanopowders were mixed in molar ratios 1:1 and 1:1.5 and calcined in air at 900°C for 2 h to form pseudobrookite, Fe2TiO5. Functional powders and sintered thick films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. UV–Vis analysis enabled determination of the band gap. Separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers was confirmed by the photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectra. Even though a slightly high onset oxygen evolution potential of photoexcited film electrode samples in NaOH was obtained, photocurrent densities were high, especially in the presence of H2O2 (~12 mA cm−2 at 1.7 V RHE). This work shows promise for practical application due to favorable band positions of pseudobrookite and low-cost screen printing technology.

Fabrication and Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Three-Dimensional Sphere-Stacking PbO2 Coatings Based on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Substrate for the Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Pollutants

The three-dimensional sphere-stacking PbO2 coatings based on one-dimensional TiO2-NTs/Ti substrate (3D-sphere PbO2) were prepared without other three-dimensional templates, only by using a simple pulse electrodeposition method. The surface morphology, compositions and crystallographic structure of 3D-sphere PbO2 electrode were investigated fully by using the field emission scanning electron (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The comparative studies between 3D-sphere PbO2 electrode and traditional flat PbO2 electrode (flat-PbO2) indicated that the 3D-sphere PbO2 electrode with novel structure had smaller grain size. The electrochemical performances of the 3D-sphere PbO2 electrode were carried out by using cyclic voltammograms (CV), linear sweep voltammograms (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and accelerated service life, respectively. The results show that the 3D-sphere PbO2 electrode has larger electrochemical active surface area, higher oxygen evolution potential and lower charge transfer resistance, leading to it possesses better stable service life on process of degradation than that the flat-PbO2 electrode. Furthermore, the 3D-sphere PbO2 electrode showed the best performance on degradation of phenol in simulated wastewater by bulk electrolysis. The removal efficiency of phenol could reach about 96.5% after 120 min under the optimal current density (30 mA cm−2) at room temperature, which was higher than that by using the flat-PbO2 electrode (73.1%). In addition, the reaction rate constant (k) of 3D-sphere PbO2 electrode degrading phenol solution was 0.0277 min−1 which was 2.56 times larger than that of flat-PbO2 electrode (0.0108 min−1). Summarily, the 3D-sphere electrode is a promising electrode in treating wastewater.

Hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified nanocrystalline PbO2 anode for removal of pyridine from wastewater

We prepared a hydroxyl multi-wall carbon nanotube-modified nanocrystalline PbO2 anode (MWCNTs-OH-PbO2) featuring high oxygen evolution potential, large effective area, and excellent electrocatalytic performance. The oxygen evolution potential and effective area of the MWCNTs-OH-PbO2 electrode were 1.5 and 3.7-fold higher than the traditional PbO2 electrode. Electrochemical degradation of pyridine in aqueous solution was investigated by using the MWCNTs-OH-PbO2 anode. Based on pyridine decay rate (93.8%), total organic carbon reduction (84.6%), and energy consumption (78.8WhL−1order−1) under the optimal conditions, the MWCNTs-OH-PbO2 electrode modified with MWCNTs-OH concentration of 1.0gL−1 exhibited higher electrochemical oxidation ability than the traditional PbO2 electrode. The intermediate, hydroxypyridine, was found at the first stage of electrolysis. The primary mineralization product, NO3−, was detected in aqueous solution after electrolysis. A possible electrochemical mineralization mechanism including two potential routes, i.e., via formation of small organic molecules by ring cleavage reaction and direct mineralization to CO2 and NO3−, was proposed. The results demonstrated that the MWCNTs-OH-PbO2 electrode exhibited high efficiency for pyridine mineralization in aqueous solution under mild conditions.

Nanostructured 3D-porous graphene hydrogel based Ti/Sb–SnO2–Gr electrode with enhanced electrocatalytic activity

Nanostructured highly porous 3D-Ti/Sb–SnO2–Gr electrode, based on 3D porous graphene hydrogel was fabricated via a fast-evaporation technique through layer by layer (LBL) deposition. The 3D pores are uniformly distributed on the high fidelity of substrate with pore sizes of 7–12 nm, as confirmed by SEM analysis. Compared to Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrode, the fabricated 3D porous electrode possesses high oxygen evolution potential (2.40 V), smaller charge transfer resistance (29.40 Ω cm−2), higher porosity (0.90), enhanced roughness factor (181), and larger voltammetric charge value (57.4 mC cm−2). Electrocatalytic oxidation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was employed to evaluate the efficiency of the fabricated 3D-Ti/Sb–SnO2–Gr anode. The results show that the electrochemical reaction follows pseudo first order kinetics with rate constant (k) value of 4.93 × 10−2 min−1, which is about 3.91 times higher compared to flat Ti/Sb–SnO2. The fabricated electrode demonstrates better stability and low specific energy consumption signifying its potential usage in electrocatalysis.

A comparative study of microcystin-LR degradation by electrogenerated oxidants at BDD and MMO anodes

This study investigated the electrochemical degradation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and mixed metal oxides (MMO, IrO2Ta2O5/Ti) anode in different medium. In-situ electrogenerated oxidants including hydroxyl radical, active chlorine, and persulfate were confirmed in phosphate, chloride, and sulfate medium, respectively. Different from MMO anode, hydroxyl radical was observed to play a significant role in chlorine generation at BDD anode in chloride medium. Besides, BDD anode could activate sulfate electrochemically due to its high oxygen evolution potential, and MC-LR degradation rate increased with the decrease of solution pH. The effects of natural organic matters (NOM) and algal organic matters (AOM) on MC-LR degradation were evaluated and NOM presented stronger inhibition ability than AOM. Furthermore, the intermediates generated in MC-LR degradation in chloride and sulfate medium were identified by LC/MS/MS and possible degradation pathways were proposed based on the experiments results. Benzene ring and conjugated diene bonds of Adda group and double bonds of Mhda group were found to be the reactive sites of MC-LR. Overall, this study broadens the knowledge of electrochemical oxidation in removing microcystins in algae-laden water.

Fabrication and characterization of PbO2 electrode modified with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)

A novel PbO2 electrode with a high oxygen evolution potential (OEP) and long service life was successfully fabricated by doping polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF) (marked as PbO2-PVDF) through co-deposition method. The morphology (SEM), elemental analysis (EDX), hydrophobic property (contact angle), crystalline structure (XRD), chemical state (XPS), electrochemical performances (Lsv and EIS) and stability (accelerated life test) were characterized. The results showed that PVDF doping could improve the film morphology, increase oxygen evolution potential (OEP) and reduce the electrode film impedance. In addition, the proportion of adsorbed hydroxyl oxygen (Oad) on the electrode also increased. During the electrochemical oxidation process, the PbO2-PVDF(2.0) electrode showed the best performance on degradation of phenol due to the highest removal rate, lowest energy consumption and minimum Pb dissolution, which could be attributed to its hydrophobic surface, high oxygen evolution potential (OEP) and strong capability of HO generation. Furthermore, the stability of the electrodes were greatly improved after PVDF modification. PbO2-PVDF(1.0) electrode showed the longest service life (501h), which was more than 4 times longer than PbO2 electrode (118.5h).

Electrochemical Oxidation of Environmentally Persistent Perfluorooctane Sulfonate by a Novel Lead Dioxide Anode

Ti/TiO2-NTs/Ag2O/PbO2 anode was prepared by electrodeposition technique and characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and accelerated life test. Electrochemical oxidation of persistent organic pollutant wastewater perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was carried out with the novel PbO2 anode. Ti/TiO2-NTs/Ag2O/PbO2 anode exhibited a pyramid structure, which was the typical PbO2 electrodes prepared using electrochemical deposition method. XRD spectra indicated that diffraction peaks of PbO2 coating conformed to that of JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards) card for β-PbO2. Ti/TiO2-NTs/Ag2O/PbO2 anode showed high oxygen evolution potential, and longer life service, compared with Ti/PbO2 and Ti/TiO2-NTs/PbO2 anodes. The degradation ratio of PFOS (90mL of 0.0929mmolL−1) was 74.87%, with a pseudo first-order kinetic constant of 0.0165min−1 and a half-life of 43.18min−1 at a constant current density of 30mAcm−2 after 180min of electrolysis. PFOS oxidation yielded sulfate, fluoride, and perfluorocarboxyl anions (i.e., C3F7COO−, C4F9COO−, C5F11COO−, C6F13COO−, and C7F15COO−). The electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrum confirmed that oxygen in the intermediate products originated from a heavy-oxygen water electrolyte, and the degradation of PFOS was initiated by the dissociation of a sulfonic group. A possible mechanism was revealed; that was, PFOS was desulfated at the anode to form C8F17· and then transformed into C8F17OH, followed by intramolecular rearrangement and hydrolysis reactions to form C7F15COO−. Kolbe decarboxylation occurred in C7F15COO− at the anode to generate C7F15·, which evolved into C6F13COO− in a similar way and the CF2 unit fell off from C7F15COO−. PFOS was gradually degraded into short-chain perfluorocarboxyl anions by repeating the CF2 unzipping cycle.

Electrochemical oxidation metronidazole with Co modified PbO2 electrode: Degradation and mechanism

This study presents an electrochemical method for the degradation of metronidazole (MNZ) in aqueous solution with novel PbO2 electrode, which was prepared via electrodeposition in nitrate solution. The influencing factors on electrochemical decomposition of pollutants were evaluated and the removal of MNZ and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 78.09% and 21.77% after 120 min treatment under the optimal conditions with the concentration of supporting electrolyte, the initial concentration of MNZ, the pH and the current density were 0.10 mol/L, 100 mg/L, 6.4 and 10 mA/cm2, respectively. Then, the Co doped PbO2 electrodes were prepared and used to degrade MNZ under the optimal conditions. Relatively good performance was achieved when the molar ratio of Pb and Co was 100:1. Compared to pure PbO2 electrode, the steady-state polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that 1.0% Co-PbO2 electrode had a higher oxygen evolution potential and greater current of reduction and oxidation peaks, which increased the electrochemical activity and decreased the energy consumption. Finally, based on the intermediate products identified by IC and GC/MS, the main degradation pathway of MNZ was proposed including ring open, denitrification and radical reactions.

Fabrication and characterization of TiO2-NTs based hollow carbon fibers/carbon film composite electrode with NiOx decorated for capacitive application

This work designs a novel structure of TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) based hollow carbon nanofibers (HCFs)/carbon film (CF) composite electrode with NiOx decorated for capacitive deionization application. The TiO2-NTs array is obtained through anode oxidation method on the titanium substrate, while the HCFs/CF is synthesized by thermal decomposition of a mixture of C6H12O6 and Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O inside the nanochannels and over the caps of TiO2-NTs array, then followed by carbonization and HNO3 activation. The nickel possesses multi-functional effects during the synthesis process as carbon catalyst (Ni(II)), molecule binder (NiTi) and pseudo-capacitance supplier (NiOx). FE-SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and water contact angle measurement reveal a uniform carbon distribution, favorable nickel dispersion, high stability and ideal hydrophilicity for this structure. With the addition of C6H12O6 and Ni(Ac)2·4H2O controlled at 10% (wt) and 2% (wt), respectively, a composite electrode with specific capacitance of 244.9 F·g−1, high oxygen evolution potential of 2.15 V and low water contact angle of 41.77° is obtained as well as minimum polarization impedance and efficient capacitive ability, which exhibits promising applications for practical employment.

Insight of anode reaction for CWS (coal water slurry) electrolysis for hydrogen production

Mechanism of CWS (coal water slurry) electrolysis was investigated by using anode reaction kinetics. The results indicated that the activation energies of electrode reaction reduce with the increase in activity of carbon materials. According to the electrode reaction kinetics, the direct oxidation of CWS electrolysis occurred easily under lower concentration of electrolyte and higher concentration of CWS. On the contrary, the indirect oxidation of CWS electrolysis took place. Because of the high oxygen evolution potential of water electrolysis in H2SO4 solution (1.23 V), the direct oxidation of CWS electrolysis mainly occurred under water decomposition potential (0.5–1.23 V). As NaOH solution was used as electrolyte, it was difficult to distinguish direct and indirect oxidation under the low potential (0.4 V). With increasing stirring rate, the electrode reaction activation energies of GWS (graphite water slurry) electrolysis increased slightly and were always lower than 40 kJ/mol. The results indicated that GWS electrolysis was controlled by diffusion and the increase in stirring rate could not reduce the polarization.

Electrochemical oxidation of perfluorinated compounds in water.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are persistent and refractory organic pollutants that have been detected in various environmental matrices and municipal wastewater. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is a promising remediation technique for wastewater contaminated with PFCs. A number of recent studies have demonstrated that the "non-active" anodes, including boron-doped diamond, tin oxide, and lead dioxide, are effective in PFCs elimination in wastewater due to their high oxygen evolution potential. Many researchers have conducted experiments to investigate the optimal conditions (i.e., potential, current density, pH value, plate distance, initial PFCs concentration, electrolyte, and other factors) for PFCs elimination to obtain the maximal elimination efficiency and current efficiency. The EO mechanism and pathways of PFCs have been clearly elucidated, which undergo electron transfer, Kolbe decarboxylation or desulfonation, hydrolysis, and radical reaction. In addition, the safety evaluation and energy consumption evaluation of the EO technology have also been summarized to decrease toxic ion release from electrode and reduce the cost of this technique. Although the ultrasonication and hydrothermal techniques combined with the EO process can improve the removal efficiency and current efficiency significantly, these coupled techniques have not been commercialized and applied in industrial wastewater treatment. Finally, key challenges facing EO technology are listed and the directions for further research are pointed out (such as combination with other techniques, treatment for natural waters contaminated by low levels of PFCs, and reactor design).

A novel Ti/antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles electrode prepared by screen printing method and its application in electrochemical degradation of C.I. Acid Red 73

A novel antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles electrode (Ti/ATONPs) was fabricated by screen printing method, which was applied in wastewater treatment area for the first time. In contrast with traditional Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode prepared by electrodeposition, Ti/ATONPs electrode possessed smaller grains and crystallite size, remarkable porous structure with 39.9m2g−1 surface area and 3.0nm average pore size as seen by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Electrochemical measurements including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronocoulometry (CC) were employed to investigate the electrochemical activity, compared with Ti/SnO2-Sb, Ti/ATONPs owned a higher oxygen evolution potential (2.18V versus 2.08V), a lower charge transfer resistance (0.47Ω versus 13.24Ω), a larger electrochemically effective surface area (38.97cm2cm−2 versus 3.03cm2cm−2) and the voltammetric charge analysis indicated that Ti/ATONPs could create more reaction active sites to enhance the electrocatalytic efficiency. To further explore the electrocatalytic oxidation performance, AR 73 was used as target pollutant to monitor the concentration changes with time through UV/vis spectroscopy, the removal of AR 73 degradation and corresponding kinetic constant of Ti/ATONPs electrode was 83.9%, 0.62h−1 while that of Ti/SnO2-Sb was 65.8%, 0.40h−1 respectively. These results show that Ti/ATONPs electrode prepared by screen printing method may become a promising electrode in treating wastewater.