Highest Oil Yield Research Articles

Methanolysis of Ceiba Petandra (Kapok) seed for high yield fatty acid methyl ester (FAME): A parametric study

The feedstock that has high potential for biodiesel production was investigated. The ceiba petandra (CP) seed was used in this study as the feedstock. The methanolysis of the CP seed to produce high yield of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) was studied. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was used to produce the bio-crude from the CP with high ester yield. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical content in the bio-crude. The highest oil yield was 44.68% which was obtained at 60 minutes reaction time, 300°C temperature and 4:1 methanol/oil mass ratio. The optimum parameters for the highest ester content (67.33%) was obtained at 60 minutes reaction time, 300°C temperature and 3:1 methanol/oil mass ratio. It is observed that CP seed has potential for the production of biodiesel.

Influence of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) essential oil yield under inter - cropping with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)<em> </em>with special reference to the plant - soil relationship

The rain - fed/oasis areas, where lemongrass and pomegranate are grown as intercropping crops, are considered as the best ecosystem with particular properties. No research has been made to investigate the relationship between lemongrass essential oil and pomegranate fruit quality in such an environment. A comparison between pomegranate trees was intercropped with lemongrass crop and regular orchards with full sun conditions have been investigated in terms of yield of lemongrass essential oil and pomegranate fruit quality. The intercropped microclimate was more favourable for the production of lemongrass essential oil and pomegranate arils with attractive red colour and high total anthocyanin content. Pomegranates under these conditions contained total volatile content that was about two times higher than that in separate fruits. Particularly, hexanal and limonene were the most abundant compounds characterizing the aroma profile of fruits cultivated under intercropped, and their arils were the most appreciated in terms of colour, odour, and taste by Indian consumers. However, fruits from partial shade oasis provided the sweetest juices with high concentrations of glucose and fructose. Titratable acidity and total organic acid content were also higher in fruits grown under the two conditions. Red colour intensity, monoterpenes, hexanal, citric and quinic acids were useful to discriminate full shade oasis. These compounds seem to contribute to the typical organoleptic properties of oasis pomegranate fruits. The correlations between intercropped varieties of pomegranate and lemongrass, irrigated water, soil, and manure factors, elevated moisture in the soil in the intercropping impaired the expression of high yield of fresh herb and lemongrass oil of the good quality and pomegranate fruits production.

Multiphysics simulation of phase field interface development and geomechanical deformation in radio frequency heating of oil shale

A novel multiphysics finite element framework, developed to numerically model in-situ pyrolysis of oil shale by radio frequency heating in a two-dimensional (2D) domain, is extended to include deformation analysis of the target formation and adjacent regions as a result of dielectric heating. This framework is constructed by explicitly coupling equations describing thermal, phase field front tracking, mechanical deformation and electromagnetics (TPME) to track the conversion of high yield oil shale to liquid oil. The finite element method is used to model heat generation by the conversion of electromagnetic energy in the formation then the solid-liquid conversion interface is tracked by the Allen-Cahn phase field method. The objective of this work is to analyze the evolution of the conversion interface and the subsequent mechanical deformation of the target formation by evaluating disparate geologic model descriptions to capture the anticipated subsurface behavior. These geologic models possess variations in complexity so that the appropriate level of detail in the geological model description can be assessed for further TPME simulation studies of radio frequency heating. The evaluated geologic models include those which are comprised of: heterogeneous or homogeneous high yield kerogen-rich properties in addition to the inclusion or omission of under- and overburden surrounding the target formation at varying electrode separation distances and applied electromagnetic frequencies. Parameterization of the numerical model was performed following characteristics of the Green River oil shale. Results show the variation in conversion interface of solid kerogen to liquid oil by way of interface arrival times at domain boundaries as well as the extent of formation deformation under the disparate geological model descriptions. Based on these results oil shale conversion timelines are compared and highlight the need to include mechanical deformation analysis of the target formation, including a kerogen-poor under- and overburden, in the numerical modeling of radio frequency heating as a process of oil shale in-situ pyrolysis.

Influence of zinc and salicylic acid foliar application on total chlorophyll, phenolic components, yield and essential oil composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under drought stress condition

A two-year field experiment was conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Iran, in 2018 and 2019 growing season to examine the influence of foliar application of zinc and salicylic acid on chlorophyll, phenolic and flavonoid content, essential oil percentage, oil yield, total dry matter and oil composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L) under drought stressed conditions. Irrigation regimes (no stress, moderate, and severe drought stress), zinc (0, 2 and 4 mg L−1), and salicylic acid (0 and 1 mM) foliar application were included in the treatment group. Drought stress reduced the chlorophyll content and oil percentage of peppermint, but moderate drought stress increased oil percentage. The application of zinc increased total phenolic compound content. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents increased with increasing stress levels. Comparisons of the drought and zinc treatments showed that the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was in severe drought stress plus 2 mg L−1 zinc treatment. Drought stress and salicylic acid comparisons showed that the highest oil yield was observed in well-watered plants and salicylic acid. The application of zinc + salicylic acid resulted in higher oil percentage and oil yield compared with the non-treated control. Menthol and menthone concentrations increased significantly in response to moderate drought but were reduced under severe drought. Moderate drought stress increased synthesis of oil compounds while foliar applications of zinc and salicylic acid alleviated its effect.

Influence of bio and mineral fertilization on some sesame varieties grown in Upper

Nowadays, there is a call for the reduction of the environmental pollution resulted from over application of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, study has been done to investigate the possibility and efficiency of using bio-fertilizers. Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive summer growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 at El-Mattana, Agriculture Research Station (latitude of 25 o 17′ N and longitude 32 o 33′ E), Luxor Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the influence of two sesame varieties (Sohag 1 and Shandaweel-3) and eight different fertilizers treatments: 0, 50, 75, 100% of recommended nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), bio-fertilizers, 50% NPK + bio, 75% NPK+ bio and 100% NPK + bio on sesame yield. Treatments were carried out as Split Plot Design with three replicates, varieties in the main plots and fertilization treatments in the sub plots. The results could be summarized as follows: Shandaweel-3 variety surpassed Sohag-1 variety in all studied characters. Except umber of capsules/plants, length of fruiting area, harvest index, oil yield, K uptake in seed and NK uptake in straw. The addition of 100% mineral recommended dose of NPK + Bio fertilizer resulted in a significant increment in sesame yield and its components in both seasons. The highest oil yield and content of N and P were obtained from Shandaweel-3 with fertilization at 75% NPK+ Bio-fertilization treatment. The results showed the importance of using bio-fertilizers to protect the soil and the environment from harmful chemical pollution. The highest values of protein %; NP-uptakes in straw yield were obtained with 75% mineral NPK+ Bio-fertilization in both seasons, and also gave high values of seed and straw yields (kg/fed) and harvest index %. The highest content of N and P (as %) were obtained from Shandaweel-3 with fertilization at 75% NPK+ Bio-fertilization treatment, which also gave the highest N and P uptake by same variety. The results showed the importance of using bio-fertilizers to protect the soil and the environment from harmful chemical pollution.

Genetic Variation for Seed Oil Biosynthesis in Soybean

Soybean is an important oilseed crop which supplies both industrial processes and animal feed as well as having a number of food uses. The high yields of oil from soybean seed, along with large planting acreage, significant production infrastructure, and its capacity to fix nitrogen, make it the second most valuable crop in the USA and fourth in the world. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the genetics of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants, based on soybean and other species. We describe recent biotechnological approaches to improve or alter oil content and oil profile in soybean. We provide a list of the presently understood genetic variants, both natural and induced by mutagenesis, in the known soybean fatty acid biosynthesis genes, including four mutations not previously described. We discuss the implications of the increasing amount of genomic data available for composition improvement, using the known fatty acid biosynthesis genes as a case study, and describe potentially new oil gene mutants based on genome sequence data.

Variability and relationships between characters of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in Burkina Faso

Jatropha curcas is a highly promising species for biodiesel production in Burkina Faso and other countries in the tropics. It is rustic, grows in warm regions and is easily cultivated. These characteristics and high-quality oil yields from the seeds have made it a priority for biodiesel programs. Consequently, this plant merits genetic investigations aimed at improving yields. The present study was conducted to determine the extent of genetic variability and relationships among 30 accessions from Burkina Faso using 7 qualitative characters and 20 quantitative characters. For most of the traits, there were highly significant differences among the accessions. A positive and significant correlation between the 100-seed weight trait and the oil content trait was observed. The oil content trait is significantly and positively influenced by growth traits such as plant height and crown diameter. Based on the petiole base pigmentation, three morphotypes were identified: green morphotype, purple morphotype and brown morphotype. The green morphotype was characterized by very high oil content and high 100-seed weight while the brown morphotype presents low oil content and low 100-seed weight. The purple morphotype registered a high oil content and medium 100-seed weight. These results are important for the continuity of breeding programs, aimed at obtaining cultivars with high grain yield and high oil content in seeds.

Genotypic values and genetic correlations for components and oil content of bunch of hybrids between caiaué and dendê

Interspecific hybridization between Elaeis oleiferaand Elaeisguineensis(HIE OxG) is explored in plant breeding programs to meet the demand for resistant cultivars to fatal yellowing, which is the biggest phytosanitary problem in E. guineensisplants in South America, including Brazil. In addition to resistance to fatal yellowing, cultivars should have high oil yield, which depends directly on bunch production and oil content in the bunches (O/FFB). The obtaining of genetic gains in O/FFBfor OxG requires information on the genotypic values of the breeding population and the understanding of how the components of the bunch are related to this characteristic in this type of material. Thus, the objective of this work was toestimate genotypic values and genetic correlations for bunch components and analyze the potential of using these components in the selection of gains for O/FFB. The physical composition and oil content in mesocarp of 840 bunches from 39 HIE OxG F1 progenies were analyzed. Genotypic values for bunch components were estimated using the procedure REML/BLUP andwere obtained from genetic correlations between them. All evaluated components presented genetic variation with possibility of gains through selection, especially the oil content in the bunch (O/FFB), which presented variability above 23%. The selection for O/FFBwill mainly result in bunches with a higher fruit proportion over the weight of the bunch (TF/FFB), greater oil contents in mesocarp of normal and parthenocarpic fruits, and lower proportion of empty spikelets. Considering the high and positive correlations between O/FFBand the evaluated characteristics and the practicality of evaluation, the characteristics with higher potential for indirect selection to increase O/FFBare TF/FFBand proportion of mesocarp in normal fruits.

Extraction of FAME from fish waste by using modified soxhlet method

The number of fish waste has increased rapidly over the time. Most of discards composed of head, tail and internal organs are considered to be worthless. In this research, fish waste from Pangasius Hypopthalmus (Patin fish) was being used as the raw material to produce fish oil. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of different ratio solid to solvent (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5), temperature (70, 75, 80, 85 and 90 °C) and mixing time (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours) on production of fish oil and to analyze the amount of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in the fish oil. Sample preparation was being made by choosing solid fat from internal organ of Patin fish. Modified Soxhlet method was used to extract the fish oil from fish waste and ethanol as the solvent. FAME from extracted fish oil was analyze by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The result showed that the highest yield of oil being produced was 59.92 ± 0.926 % at the temperature of 85 °C with 1:2 of ratio solid to solvent and 5 hours of mixing time. Besides, the extracted fish oil for sample 3 contained the highest amount of FAME which is 0.4016 mg/g with majority amount of saturated fatty acid.

Species Richness and Carbon Footprints of Vegetable Oils: Can High Yields Outweigh Palm Oil’s Environmental Impact?

Palm oil has been widely criticised for its high environmental impacts, leading to calls to replace it with alternative vegetable oils in food and cosmetic products. However, substituting palm oil would be environmentally beneficial only if the environmental footprint per litre oil were lower than those of alternative vegetable oils. Whether this is the case is not obvious, given the high oil yields of oil palm of up to 10 times those of alternative crops. Here, we combine global agricultural and environmental datasets to show that, among the world’s seven major vegetable oil crops (oil palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, groundnut, coconut, olive), oil palm has the lowest average species richness and carbon footprint associated with an annual production of one litre of vegetable oil. For each crop, these yield-adjusted footprints differ substantially between major producer countries, which we find to be largely the result of differences in crop management. Closing agricultural yield gaps of oil crops through improved management practices would significantly reduce the environmental footprints per oil yield. This would minimise the need for further land conversion to oil cropland and indeed could increase production to such an extent that a significant area of oil croplands could be ecologically restored.

Effects of light intensity and nutrients on the lipid content of marine microalga (diatom) Amphiprora sp. for promising biodiesel production

In this research investigation, three microalgal species were screened (Pleurosigma sp., Amphora sp., and Amphiprora sp.) for lipid content before choosing the potential microalgae for biodiesel production. It was found that the lipid content of Amphiprora sp. was 41.48 ± 0.18%, which was higher than the Pleurosigma sp. (27.3 ± 0.8%) and Amphora sp. (22.49 ± 0.21%). The diatom microalga, Amphiprora sp. was isolated and exposed to a controlled environment. Two different media were prepared, and the main research was on the SiO2-NP medium as the cell wall of diatom was made up of silica. Essential growth parameters were studied such as dry cell weight and chlorophyll a content. The results revealed that Amphiprora sp. cultured in the modified medium showed a higher biomass yield and growth rate in all the analyses. In Soxhlet extraction method, biodiesel yield of Amphiprora sp. in modified medium under 24 μmol m−2 s−1 of light intensity was 81.47 ± 1.59% when using 2% of catalyst amount with 1.5:1 volume ratio of methanol/oil in 3 h reaction time at 65 °C. Results reveled that Amphiprora sp. diatom has a higher yield of oil 52.94 ± 0.42% and can be efficiently optimized with further studies with modified nanomaterial culture medium. The present research revealed the series of experiments on microalgal lipid transesterification and in future investigation different types of nanomaterials should be used in culture medium to identify the lipid production in microalgal cells.

Pressurized mixture of CO2 and propane for enhanced extraction of non-edible vegetable oil

Vegetable oils in neglected matrices (monguba seeds and immature green coffee beans) were extracted using a mixture of pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) and propane. The yields, fatty acid profiles, and active compounds in the extracted oils were evaluated employing a Box-Behnken experimental design, considering the effects of temperature (20–60 °C), solvent flow rate (1.5–2.5 mL min−1), and propane amount (10–50%). The maximum yields were 42.83% for monguba oil and 10.83% for immature green coffee oil. Lower temperature (40–60 °C) and a higher propane fraction (50%) led to higher oil yields. Empirical models satisfactorily described the extraction kinetics. Treatment of the data using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the conditions that favored extraction of saturated fatty acids impaired the extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Extraction with a mixture of pressurized CO2 and propane resulted in attractive fatty acid profiles and high oil yields, while preserving the active compounds.

Studies of the Bubbling Fluidized Bed Retorting of Dachengzi Oil Shale: 1. Effect of Retorting Temperature

Fluidized bed retorting of oil shale is a potential technology with high shale oil yield. However, there are few studies on the composition distribution of the products of this technology. In this ...

A comprehensive review on processing, therapeutic benefits, challenges, and economic scenario of unconventional oils

The review aims to focus on the processing and economic challenges of these oil industries (lack of organized cultivation, collection, processing, research, and market linking) and fetch the attention toward the application of green technology. The present article provides a systematic view to open a new sphere of understanding for unconventional oilseeds with its geographical distribution, chemical composition, health benefits, and research. Further, new sources of unconventional oil (cottonseed, rice bran, sal seed, mango kernel, etc.) may impart an alternative source of edible oil, which can fulfill the country's edible oil deficit with economic contribution. In inference, the combined evidence supports the assertion that unconventional sources of oils may provide an alternatives to major seed oils. Practical applications Unconventional oils are the new boosting area to upthrust the production of edible oils and reduce the dependence of oil import from other countries. The emerging green technologies for oil extraction shall consider as high oil yield methods. There are many unconventional oil seeds which are still required to be the area for research and commercial application. The present article focused on the market scenario, health benefits of these oil seeds.

Variation in Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Five Populations of <i>Vitellaria paradoxa</i> C.F. Gaertn. Subsp. <i>Nilotica</i> in Uganda

We studied seed germination and seedling growth performance in an economically and socially important fruit tree species Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn. subsp. nilotica (shea tree) in Uganda. The study aimed at determining variations in germination among five shea tree seed provenances and seedling growth performance based on five growth traits (total height, root collar diameter, leaf length, leaf width and leaf petiole length). Five populations were considered from four agroecological zones comprising of 180 candidate “plus” trees. The seed trees consisted of 16 ethnovarieties selected based on their traits for fast growth and high oil yield. A total of 1,204 biological seeds were collected and sown in a tree nursery at Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute during the month of June 2018 in a randomized incomplete block design with three replications. Significant variation (χ = 708; p < 0.01) was observed in seedling phenotypic traits within and between populations. Regression equation for height growth and leaf size index were given as y = 0.3787 + 12.671x and y = 0.6483 + 15.413x respectively. Root collar diameter was more correlated to leaf size index (0.425) than to height growth (0.30). Clustering of shea tree seedlings based on phenotypic growth traits revealed one aggregated cluster indicating that most of the seedlings from the five populations were similar (Jaccard index 0.92, p < 0.01). However, clustering based on SNP markers revealed three different populations. We recorded higher growth (χ = 708; p < 0.001) in Arua shea population. Red seeded; thin pulped and hairy fruited shea tree ethnovarieties recorded faster growth than the rest. The results reveal useful traits in selection for tree growth and further identified shea tree ethnovarieties that could be selected for fast growth.

Algae as a feedstock for biodiesel production in Indian perspective

Fast-growing population and transportation sectors have created a need to adopt a socio-economical way to produce and utilize the novel alternative fuel as an energy source all across the world. In the search for new alternative fuel, Biodiesel was found to be a reliable, and a clean fuel, having less tailpipe emission which can improve engine performance and lower the tailpipe emission while reducing the dependency on diesel. In this review, the third-generation feedstock, i.e., Algae has been selected and studied for biodiesel production. Algae has a high oil yield, carbon neutral, and booming nature. The main objective of this research work is the study of biodiesel production and its application on Diesel engine with and without nanoparticles additives. To understand critical importance of production, performance and emission aspects, a comparative study was performed. Analysis of algae as a biofuel from various research work showed that optimum concentration of additives in biodiesel blend can improve the engine performance, such as, BSFC and BTE, and further reduce the tailpipe emission especially NOX. This study reveals performance analysis of Algae as a biofuel and various advantages of using nano additives in biodiesel blends. We believe that this study will help to address the crucial research gap on biodiesel blends and nanoparticles as fuel in compression ignition engine.

Реалізація генетичного потенціалу гібридів соняшнику за впливу умов живлення

The use of microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, which provides increased yields and improved quality indicators of the crop. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. Field research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems of the Chernihiv region. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization (factor C) in phase 4 and 8 sunflowers leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. Studies have shown that the most productive was the hybrid SI Kupava with the maximum yield on the variant with the use of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in phase 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l / ha) - 3.46 t / ha. The fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids was determined by the morphobiological features of the hybrid and fertilizer options. The use of foliar fertilization with trace elements had a positive effect on the fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids, which allowed to obtain the maximum value for the option of making N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava - 51.1%. The maximum content of oleic acid was found in the hybrid SI Kupava on the variant with the introduction of N27R42K81S21 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) - 77.2%. Due to the use of fertilizers containing boron, the content of this polyunsaturated acid can be increased by improving the quality of sunflower seed oil. The highest oil yield, according to the calculations, was obtained on the variant with the introduction of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which was 1.64 tons per 1 hectare.

Production and Characterization of Bio Oil from Bamboo

The quest for renewable energy sources have been the major concerns worldwide due to depletion of fossil fuel and ozone layer as a result of fossil fuel combustion. Bio oil or fuel production from different natural plants have been researched over the years in different regions of the world. Thus, this research study focused on production and characterization of bio oil from Nigerian bamboo plant (Ogoni bamboo), which involved fresh bamboo preparation and its pyrolysis and characterization. The fresh bamboo plant was used since it’s not edible unlike other studies that applied edible fruits as source of bio diesel production. The prepared fresh bamboo plant was pyrolysed at a temperature range of 300°C to 600°C and the gaseous products condensed to temperature of 25°C. The applied temperature range was used to evaluate the effect of fast, intermediate and slow pyrolysis, while high yield of bio oil was deduced at 450°C. The produced bio oil was characterized by investigating its density, specific gravity, viscosity with gas chromatography and ASTM distillation D86 analysis carried out on the produced bio oil. The pyrolysis result yielded 59.5wt% of bio oil at reactor bed temperature of 450°C, which is heavy in nature, highly viscous with calorific valuer. Thus, bio oil can be produced from Nigeria bamboo plant as an alternate energy source with further product upgrading process required for effective and commercial use of the produced bamboo bio oil.

Growth and essential oil content of accessions of Lippia rotundifolia in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and essential oil content after transplantation and cutting of Lippia rotundifolia accessions from a natural population from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Eight accessions were evaluated (PVP, GIG, RPE, ODA, JFE, PRP, SGS, and RTI) in six periods (60, 81, 102, 123, 144, and 165 days after transplanting and cutting), in a completely randomized experimental design. The following parameters were assessed: average width and length of the basal, median, and apical pair of leaves; plant height; stem diameter; and number of leaves. At 165 days, the yield of essential oil and the fresh and dry phytomass of the aerial part were also evaluated. Sixty days after the last evaluation, regrowth was measured from height, stem diameter, and number of leaves. The JFE accession stands out for emission of leaves, with a better development at 165 days after transplanting. RPE and PRP respond well to regrowth at 102 and 123 days after cutting, respectively. The SGS accession shows a high essential oil yield of 2.2%, and PVP, a low yield of 0.3%.

Surhan-2012: A Novel High Yielding, Insect Resistant, and High Oil Content Canola Variety Released for General Cultivation in the Sindh Province

Surhan-2012: A Novel High Yielding, Insect Resistant, and High Oil Content Canola Variety Released for General Cultivation in the Sindh Province