High Moral Values Research Articles

Features of issues of ethics and morals of the leader

Entrepreneurship is considered as a driving force for the economic development of society. One of the tools of entrepreneurship is the choice of people of a certain type, with certain traits of character, those who will be able to create an innovative approach in the system “ethics – morality – collective – leader – entrepreneurship”. Since entrepreneurship is associated with a person with the process of personal professional growth, social adaptation and development through the formation of business ideas, the development of business projects and their implementation in real practice. The social co-operation of different types of human activity made the problem of leadership one of the most recent and, at the same time, constantly topical problems, the solutions of which were constantly changing both in content and form. Therefore, it becomes a task to consider different directions in the scientific study of leadership from the standpoint of modernity, the meaning of the word “ethics” and “morality”. The purpose of this research is to provide a holistic analysis of the leader's problems through the prism of ethics and morality in entrepreneurship. The ethical climate in the enterprise is described – the order of behavior in the sphere of business and business contacts is established. Etiquette, when understood as established behavior, helps to avoid mistakes or to look at them in accessible, generally accepted ways. Therefore, the basic function or meaning of the etiquette of a business person can be interpreted as the formation of such rules of conduct that promote understanding of people in the process of communication. The second meaning of the etiquette function is the convenience function, that is, expediency and practicality. Starting with the little things, up to the general rules – etiquette is approximate to the everyday system. A survey was conducted in which 156 respondents were interviewed, the purpose of the survey was to determine who is a leader, and on the basis of this research a model of a leader with ethical and moral leadership qualities was proposed. Therefore, to create moral subordinates of ethical care means to form high moral values, the mechanism of moral self-regulation, protection and interest, moral creativity and comfort, and also to accept the moral experience of the collective, to collection It was suggested that modern management covers moral socialization – self-assimilation of a person's life experience, self-acquisition of social qualities, its adaptation to the environment. The same group of activities includes providing a modern level of technical and technological equipment of the work process, rational organization, regulation and payment of prats, aesthetics of the working environment, active participation in social activity, spiritual environment moral and psychological climate of relationships.

КУЗЬМА МИКОЛАЙОВИЧ ВЕКІРЧИК – ВІДОМИЙ ПЕДАГОГ, ВЧЕНИЙ, ЖУРНАЛІСТ, ГРОМАДСЬКИЙ ДІЯЧ

September 15, 2019 marks 90th birthday of Kuzma Vekirchyk – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Professor, Honorary Member of the Ukrainian Society of Plant Physiologists, a member of the Society of Microbiologists of Ukraine and the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine, a famous scientist of plant physiologist and microbiologist, educator, participant of the Second World War, whose achievements occupy a worthy place among the national scientists, who through their scientific, pedagogical and social work made a significant contribution into the development of education and science, the independence of the Ukrainian state.
 Kuzma Mykolaiovych Vekirchyk was born in the village of Zadubrivtsi, Sniatyn district, Ivano-Frankivsk region to the family of peasants.
 He began his schooling, with a break from the misery of World War II, from the Zadubrivtsi Seven-Year School, which he finished in 1947 with honours. Throughout difficult post-war years, he went on to teach villagers the literacy. Then Kuzma Vekirchyk became a student of Sniatyn Agricultural College, graduated with honors in 1952 and entered the Biology Faculty of Chernivtsi University, graduating with honors in 1957 with a major in plant physiology.
 After the university studies, he was promoted to the post of teacher of biology and chemistry at the secondary school of Zelena village, Kelmenetskyi district, Chernivtsi region, where he worked from 1957 to 1959.
 In 1959, K. M. Vekirchyk continued his scientific career, entering postgraduate studies at the Department of Plant Physiology and Microbiology, Chernivtsi University. The young scientist got engaged in the studies of foliar nutrition of plants with microelements under the supervision of the famous Ukrainian professor of plant physiologist, G. X. Molotkovskiy.
 After graduating from postgraduate studies in 1962, K. M. Vekirchyk was promoted to the post of a teacher, and from 1965 was re-elected to the post of a senior teacher of plant physiology and microbiology of the Department of Botany, Uman State Pedagogical Institute.
 On November 1, 1965 he defended his dissertation «Influence of foliar feeding with microelements on physiological and biochemical processes, growth, development and yield of cabbage» and received a scientific degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences. 
 Since December 1966 he became the Assistant Professor of the Department of Agrobiology Faculty at the Ivano-Frankivsk Pedagogical Institute.
 On September 12, 1967 he was selected for the post of a senior lecturer of the Department of Botany of Kremenets Pedagogical Institute. On July 9, 1968 he was re-elected associate professor of the Department of Botany and since January 1969 was granted a title of the Candidate of biological sciences.
 In 1969 he became the associate professor of the Department of Botany of Ternopil Pedagogical Institute (after the relocation of the Kremenets Pedagogical Institute to the town of Ternopil).
 In September 1987, for high achievements in the pedagogical and scientific fields, the publication of textbooks and books for students, he was elected to the post of professor of the Department of Botany, and on November 29, 1991 he was awarded the scientific title of professor.
 While working at the Department of Botany in Ternopil, Kuzma Mykolaiovych studied the influence of trace elements and biologically active substances on the symbiotic fixation of nitrogen, growth, development and productivity of legumes. In 1997, he began publishing a series of articles on well-known teachers of higher education in Ternopil and amazing works of nature, in particular in the magazine «Osvityanyn» and the annual «Ternopillia». From 1996 to 2002, he was the Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the «Ukrainian Science: Past, Present, and Future».
 Kuzma Vekirchyk is the author and co-author of over 360 scientific, educational, methodological and popular scientific articles. He is the author of textbooks and books: «Microbiology» (1973), «Microbiology: laboratory work» (1976), «Plant physiology: practicum» (1984), «Microbiology with the basics of virology» (1987, 2001), «Workshop on microbiology» (2001), «Poisonous Medicinal Plants: a handbook» (1999), programs in plant physiology, microbiology with the basics of virology for students of higher education institutions of Ukraine (1993), etc.
 K. M. Vekirchyk spent his entire life conducting extensive public, educational and patriotic work. He was a sincere, intelligent, decent, humble, kind and selfless person.
 K. M. Vekirchyk died on November 3, 2009 and rests in the native village of Zadubrivtsi, Sniatyn district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, near the chapel, which he restored at his own expense.
 The memory of Kuzma Mykolaiovych as a man of high moral values, an outstanding scientist, teacher, journalist, public figure will forever remain in the hearts of his colleagues and students.

Body donation for research and teaching purposes: the contribution of blood donation units in the progress of anatomical science.

Cadaver's dissection has a fundamental role in teaching and understanding the anatomy. Postmortem body donation (PMBD) is an important source of cadavers and provides an opportunity to carry out research or educational activities in medicine and surgery. The objective of the current study is to determine the perspectives and attitudes toward PMBD among blood donors (BLD) and elderly people. These data are fundamental to highlight the PMBD extent and individual factors that might influence PMBD. Six hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed to 500 (327 male and 173 female, mean age 39.9 ± 9.6 years) blood donors (BLD) and 150 elderly people (62 males and 88 females, mean age 74 ± 9.4 years). A specially designed self-administered questionnaire covering demographic data, knowledge and attitude of the participants concerning body donation (BD) was used. Concerning the perception of BD among BLD and elderly people, the most common reason for BD in both study groups was the contribution in research, while the commonest reason for hesitating about BD was the lack of information, following by personal reasons. The BLD were more likely to be interested in BD for contribution in research and personal reasons. Additionally, BLD were less likely than the elderly to hesitate about BD for religious and personal reasons and more likely to hesitate about BD for not being informed. BLD who were interested in BD for contribution in research were significantly older. Elderly people who hesitated about BD for personal reasons were significantly older. In the BLD group, those who responded that blood and body donation are the same were significantly younger, while in the elderly group - significantly older. The proportion of BLD who declared that blood and body donation is the same was significantly higher in more educated people. A need for well-organised and informative BD programmes is evident. Orientating the public towards this practice is of high moral and medical value, since with this important promotion the altruistic act of BD will expand globally.

Teme pastoral-misionare și liturgice în „pimenicele“ patriarhului Justin Moisescu

As a result of the Decision of the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 2019 year gives us the opportunity to honor Patriarch Justin Moisescu. He was a special hierarch due to his Olympic profile, to his complex personality and to his ministry and work, providential for the Romanian Orthodoxy of the 80’s of the last century. He was a professor of theology of high moral and scientific value, who taught the students during the communist era, at the Faculties of Theology in Warsaw and Bucharest, fundamental disciplines such as “New Testament Study”. Concerned with translating reference works into Romanian, he is the initiator of a monumental work: the translation into Romanian language of the Holy Fathers’ works. Due to his programmatic idea, more than 100 volumes have been produced so far, which are part of the collection “Parents and Church Writers” ( “P.S.B.”). The present study seeks to highlight and bring to light the texts of theb “Pastoral” which the hierarch Justin Moisescu, during his 30 years of ministry, addressed to the clergy and to the people, as: 1. Archbishop of Sibiu, 2. Archbishop of Iasi and Metropolitan of Moldova and Suceava and 3. Archbishop of Bucharest, Metropolitan of Ungrovlahia and Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

Wasatiyyah-Consumerism Ethics in Al-Qur’an

Wasatiyyah consumerism is a consumerism model that is balanced, prudent and follows the needs of the wasatiyyah concept. God or Allah SWT has bestowed natural instincts to humans which consist of wants and needs; however, these wants and needs are fulfilled in inappropriate ways. This leads to numerous socio-economic problems, such as wastage, bankruptcy and a culture of indebtedness. Hence, in order to nurture individuals and a society that possesses high moral values and discipline based on Islamic values, wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics are a basic requirement for overcoming issues pertaining to ghuluw-consumerism (consuming beyond bounds). This working paper aims to identify and analyse wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics found in al-Qur'an. Which verses are relevant to wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics? What do these verses state? What are the fundamentals found in wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics? In order to answer these questions, this working paper only used secondary data, which were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings showed that wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics in al-Qur'an contain three fundamental elements: moderation, fairness and benevolence.

СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ ТА ПАТРІОТИЗМУ У КУРСАНТІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article highlights the acute need of improving national-patriotic education of cadets of military education institutions, taking into account the specificity and differences between military and general pedagogy, is emphasized on the need to adjust the educational process, in view of the peculiarities of the historical and political circumstances of the country. It is stressed on the importance of searching modern effective methods of patriotic education of future officers in military education establishments for the in-depth disclosure of patriotism as a high moral and spiritual value. The author presents grounds for individual approach to the development of each individual person in the pedagogical process, taking into account the personal qualities of each cadet. The article underlines the fundamental component of national patriotic education in the formation of a professional military man. It is accentuated on the necessity of state support for the program of national-patriotic education and state guarantee of a decent level of social security for servicemen. The author addresses the problems of long-term neglect of the state in ensuring a decent level of social security of the officer’s profession and the crisis in understanding of the patriotic qualities of a serviceman, low level of national dignity. The main features of modern high-level officer are determined. The complex approach to preparation and conducting pedagogical-patriotic measures is proposed: introduction of the latest methods of patriotic education; improvement of educational methodologies by the use of innovative educational technologies; deepening the study of the history of the centuries-old national liberation movement of the Ukrainian people; strengthening the moral and spiritual qualities of cadets and inculcating them the belief in the need to adhere to a healthy, sporty way of life.

WORLD SPATIAL FEATURES OF DOING BUSINESS

This article determines that in today’s conditions of doing business, the increase of profits is one of the main reasons for the emergence of social challenges, such as social insecurity, low level of solvency of most people, lack of high moral values. Today, the most important is building business relations, primarily, on the basis of implementation of moral and ethical principles that can contribute to the general welfare. So, the subject of research is the ways to ensure optimal conditions for growth of small and medium business with the using of world experience, as well as studying the main directions that realized by successful states for support of entrepreneurship. Methodology. The conducted research shows that the level of corruption in Ukraine, imperfect legislation, and volatile tax system with significant load negatively affect the activities of small and medium-sized businesses. However, availability of economic stability, favourable tax and lending rates, tangible government support testify that there are optimal terms for doing business in such countries as the USA and member states of the EU. Content analysis is carried out on materials of works of foreign and domestic scientists using Ukrainian official and statistic data provided by experts. In the process of preparing the article, the general scientific methods of research are used: logical analysis, observation, formalization, synthesis, abstraction. The goal of the study is to analyse the main peculiarities of start-up and doing of entrepreneurial activity in the format of individual world countries, which give an optimal environment and favourable conditions of development of small and medium business and are interested in attracting foreign entrepreneurs for building their business, as well as identify basic mechanisms used by governments of these countries to support equilibrium in the spatial market. Conclusions. So, the analysis of main features of launch and implementation of business in the cut of individual world countries showed that the essential task of the present is an introduction of moral laws and ethical principles into business space, which is able to ensure the optimal development of social relations. Also, it is determined that start of any business for an entrepreneur is connected, first of all, with the choice of the most attractive kind of activity, taking into account which goods and services are currently in demand by consumers. In addition, it has been discovered that today the best territory in the world for conducting business is the USA – with its powerful domestic market, honest legislation, and state support. For Ukrainians, it is appropriate to create a business in neighbouring states members of the EU, whose governments actively promote the optimal terms for foreign entrepreneurs to open own business, separately, in Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic. At the same time, it has been investigated that corruption is the main reason that hampers the development of civilized business relations in Ukraine. Imperfect legislation and unstable tax system with a significant load negatively affect the activities of small and medium companies, complicating conditions for obtaining loans, increasing risks, primarily as a result of the growth of inflation. Thus, significant government support, especially loyal attitude towards small and medium businesses under the simple conditions of attracting investors, provides opportunities for effective business development in the EU.

INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN NILAI DALAM MEMBANGUN KARAKTER SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR JAMPALAN KECAMATAN SIMPANG EMPAT KABUPATEN ASAHAN PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

Value education is a system of building character values or school citizens which includes the components of knowledge, awareness or willingness, and actions to implement these values to God Almighty, oneself, others, environment, and nationality so that they become human beings who are qualified for their morals. After conducting research and interviews with several teachers, the researcher draws the conclusion that in terms of delivering value education in schools for Elementary Schools, the teacher uses a contextual learning approach model that is the effort of educators to connect the material taught with the real world situation of students, encouraging students make connections between the knowledge they have and their application in their lives as family members and communities. The learning system adopted in Jampalan Elementary School is inseparable from the existence of Asahan district Government No.19 of 2005 concerning National Education Standards and the Vision namely "Realizing a Religious, Healthy, Smart and Independent Asahan". For this reason, in relation to the regulation, every Friday some activities is held in each school. The religion program is an additional lesson whose purpose is to shape children's morals into a level of understanding of high moral values so that they can be implemented in their daily lives.

Iban Dindang and Malay Pantun: Impact on Intellectual Intelligence and Building of Human Capital in Iban and Malay Communities

This article examines the impact of traditional poems of dindang Iban and Malay pantun on the Iban and Malay society in the aspect of intellectual and human capital development These impacts form a new generation of thoughtful, hardworking, disciplined, insightful, adhering to religious teachings, tolerant, polite and rational so that they may possess noble values of humanity, as well as maintaining the attitude of lifelong learning for prosperity, success and harmony. The objective of this study is achieved because the findings successfully shows the impact of these poems on the intellectual intelligence and human capital development in the Iban and Malay communities. This research adopts the semiotic theory of Richard and Ogden and engages field work and analysis documents. The implication of this study is the wide use of dindang and pantun to enrich human capital with progressive development and attitudes, besides cultivating high ethical and moral values among the members of the ethnic society. Dindang Iban and Malay pantun will remain relevant to the communities concerned because of its communicational function as a tool to convey the intent of the hearts, desire, intention, advice, morality and didactic instructions, and at the same time reflecting on the customs and religious beliefs of the society. The didactic nature of these two poems makes it easy to educate the communities through motivation, advice, satire and convey religious messages for building characters and human capital by filling the minds of people with noble attributes.

The Process of Self-Realization—From the Humanist Psychology Perspective

Humanistic psychology has provided a series of fundamental theories about human personality and its development. Prominent representatives such as A. Maslow, C. Rogers or R. Assagiolli, along with the psychoanalyst C. G. Jung, have defined the basic concepts that help us today to better understand the individual evolutionary path from intuitive thinking structures and primary group integration, to elements of metacognition, creativity and integration into society through high moral values. Self-realization is a complex process that needs to be addressed from a number of perspectives, to provide a more complex and true picture of how individual development takes place. The paper aims to identify the role of family, interpersonal relationships, to understand which are the functions of knowledge and emotional experiences during development and actualization of individual’s own potential. Achieving self-realization involves going through some stages, overcoming various difficulties and, above all, practicing self-regulation over individual emotions and behaviors. Education also provides the logical-scientific basis of going beyond the stages of self-realization, it provides insight and understanding, but it also means overcoming the theoretical boundaries, through personal involvement in actions that reflect moral and humanistic values. Positive and active approaches are ways that lead to self-realization.

Антропологічно-правові виміри професійної деформації моральної свідомості працівників Національної поліції України

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the professional deformation of the moral consciousness of employees of the National Police of Ukraine, which is due, first of all, to the fact that the process of professional self-determination and realization in anthropological dimension is not only one of the ways of personal development of a person, but for many – the realization of the meaning of life, whereas the change of moral the consciousness of employees in connection with the peculiarities of their professional activity transform the value orientations of the social subject as a legal person. Methodology. The pivotal methodological approach in the study is anthropological. The system-structural approach allowed to consider comprehensively the phenomenon of professional deformation of the National Police of Ukraine. Relying on research material on specific issues and summarizing the findings, it was noted that the most dangerous consequences are precisely the professional deformation of law enforcement officers, since it directly affects the morale of the individual. Morality in the scientific literature is considered as a complex phenomenon through various forms having a certain structure. First of all, objective standards of morality, which regulate social relations, which are defined differently by different authors, namely: moral requirement, moral law, ideal moral guidelines, higher moral values, moral principles, moral ideals, moral criteria, moral norms, moral rules of behavior, ethical ideas, moral necessity. The scientific novelty of this research stems from the problem of the phenomenon, as well as from the purpose, which is closely related to the proposed approaches, methodology and tasks, which reflect the value basis of the research. The authors say that the most prone to deformation are representatives of the following professions: law enforcement, military, leaders, deputies, officials, social workers, lawyers, educators, physicians, salespeople, psychologists. When it comes to the deformation of the moral consciousness and professional justice of law enforcement officers, most often they refer to the negative phenomena, traits that are formed spontaneously or consciously by some representatives of this professional group contrary to social, state requirements, standards of professional activity and behavior. Naturally, they are hidden, but express a new setting of individual value consciousness and are realized in behavior, actions in the absence of external control. Such guidelines and actions may be of a socially undesirable, inadmissible or dangerous, unlawful nature. This study focuses on structuring and conducting a comprehensive analysis of the factors and factors that lead to the professional deformation of National Police officers, as well as providing recommendations on the results of the work done, with the aim of preventing and preventing professional deformation of law enforcement officers. Conclusions. After analyzing the available information on a number of certain violations and checking statistics on such events, it was concluded that the violations of the law, as a rule, are a result of professional and moral deformation of individual employees of the National Police of Ukraine, lack of effective control mechanism and demand from some leaders, low level of organization of educational work, moral and psychological preparation and training of personnel. In preparation of the program of prevention of professional deformation of employees of the National Police of Ukraine, it is advisable, first of all, to improve the normative and legal bases of the functioning of law enforcement agencies, the order of service of different categories of employees; to envisage amendments to the existing acts, and, secondly, to provide for measures within the existing legal framework with a focus on the grassroots. Keywords: anthropology of law; professional deformation; moral consciousness; National Police of Ukraine; moral standards and principles; professional ethics.

Семья в трудах представителей казанской школы духовно-академического теизма второй половины XIX – начала XX века: осмысление библейских традиций

The article analyzes the philosophical concepts presented in the works of the representatives of the Kazan school of spiritual and academic theism, dealing with the problems of marriage and family: in particular, their understanding of biblical traditions in the conditions of socio-cultural and socio-economic realities. The basis of the material presented in the article was unpublished earlier works of Kazan researchers stored in the State archive of the Republic of Tatarstan. The author comes to the conclusion that in the Russian Empire, the representatives of spiritual and academic theism faced the task based on modern knowledge of sociology, pedagogy and psychology to give a philosophical answer to new challenges, to adapt traditional values according to the realities of life. The acquaintance of Kazan researchers with modern them ideas of Russian religious philosophy of the second half of the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries in which the family was associated with the highest moral value, the realization of love, with the commitment to excellence and integrity, fullness of being (N. Berdyaev, S. Bulgakov, B. Vysheslavtsev, V. Zenkovsky, I. Ilyin, N. Lossky, V. Solovyev, S. Troitsky, N. Fedorov, P. Florensky, G. Shimansky) had great importance for understanding the philosophical essence of family and marriage. In modern conditions of return to the bourgeois-capitalist relations, philosophical searches of Orthodox thinkers are interesting for understanding the problems and tendencies of development of family and marriage, thus representing a subject of not only historical or historical and theological research, but also historical and philosophical one.

«ФРАНЦУЗЬКІ ЛИСТИ» ІСМАЇЛА ҐАСПРИНСЬКОГО ЯК МАНДРІВНІ НАРИСИ

The author of the article, considering poly-genre basis of the “French Letters” by Crimean Tatar educator, public figure and writer Ismail Gasprynskiy, is focused on the analysis of genologic features of travel sketches in a text. A hero of the “French Letters”, Molla Abbas, is a protagonist of the author and represents the author’s own experience in his impressions from western life. In order to keep the reader’s interest at a high level, the author uses the principles of belle-lettres in descriptive material, and often uses such artistic technique as defamiliarization. The “French Letters” is a first book of travel sketches, in which the Turk Muslim’s view to a Christian-atheist Europe, especially France, is presented. A constant desire to compare the living conditions of the “native” East and civilized West as a need to separate among “alien” those things, which I. Gasprynskiy considers as absolutely necessary ones to introduce in motherland, is pointed out. First of all, it is an extensive system of education and researches, powerful industrial and financial development, social protection, competitive judicial system, wide participation of women in public life etc. In turn, the rationalistic West is opposed to the high moral values of Islam and the justice of the relationship between Muslims. Molla Abbas (and therefore I. Gasprynskiy) comes to the conclusion that the most promising way of development of Turk peoples and whole

Концепт свобода в ідіолекті особистості Вселенського Патріарха Варфоломія

The article attempts to comprehend the notion of freedom in the idiolect of the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew. The understanding of this term in the philosophical picture of the world, in the general dictionary is given. The term freedom in the religious picture of the world, in particular, in the Orthodox tradition, is explored. In the philosophical picture of the world, freedom is perceived as one of the main and most difficult categories, reflecting the essence of man, his ability to think and act not as a result of coercion, but freely embodying his intentions and interests. However, the limits of freedom are the interests of another person, society as a whole and nature as the basis of the existence of a society. Patriarch Bartholomew, like other representatives of Orthodoxy, wants to convey an extremely important thing to us. It consists in the fact that we must understand, understand, and understand that without God we can not do anything good. Only by invoking the Holy Spirit in our hearts, in our sincere prayers, only inspired by grace, we are capable of goodness. A believer is aware that she is endowed with God by the gift of freedom that she can choose between the path upward to higher moral values and the way down. However, in the Orthodox tradition, there is an understanding that the “divine image” in a man is obscured, but he is, he does not disappear. We know that even in this sinful world, a person, although in a certain spiritual captivity, is capable of noble deeds, of love, of self-sacrifice and of compassion for his neighbour. However, in the Orthodox tradition, there is an understanding that the “divine image” in a man is obscured, but he is, he does not disappear. We know that even in this sinful world, a person, although in a certain spiritual captivity, is capable of noble deeds, of love, of self-sacrifice and of compassion for his neighbour. Thus, revealing the deep meaning of the notion of freedom in the concept of the personality of the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, we plunge into the understanding of this term in the religious picture of the world. And that I would particularly like to emphasize, plunged into the notion of freedom in Orthodoxy. This made it possible to try to understand the complex and almost immutable words of a modern person – “Freedom is possible only in God”

حرية الفكر والتعبيرعند الإمام بديع الزمان سعيد النورسي رحمه الله

The freedom of thought and expression has acquired a diversity of meanings and limitations determined by the evolving socio-historical contexts of various civilizations through the history. This piece of research briefly investigates the history of evolution of this concept in Islamic and Western intellectual circles and then intends to focus upon the elaboration of this idea by Imam Badi-uz-Zaman An-Naurasi. Iman Naurasi supports the human right of thinking and expressing ideas freely but at the same time recognizes the need of divine intervention in delimiting its boundaries. Humans, if left entirely unrestricted to make their choices in life, would only bring about disastrous results and thus lead to cessation of a collaborative social life. Therefore, Imam proposes that humanity should abide by some universal principles and high moral values inspired by the divine revelation so that the society could collectively ensure the pursuit of human progress and well-being. Imam proves his point through the instances from the Islamic history that divinely guided freedom of thought and expression provided the world with a vivid model of life which provided people the rights of choosing everything in their life ranging from faith to marital and economic decisions.

Realization of aims of steady development is in context of public management from position of bioethics

Realization of aims of steady development is in context of public management from position of bioethics

The Effect of Spraying Boron and Seaweed Extracts (kelpak) on Vegetative Growth Characteristics and Concentration of Some Medically Active Substances for Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon Citratus L.)

This study includes the effect of spraying boron and seaweed extracts kelpak in the vegetative growth characteristics and concentration of some medically active substances for lemongrass plant. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The Medians treatments have compared using Duncan’s test with multi limits at 5% possibility. The results arrived at can be summed up as follows. Discriminate treatment (B1K1) the highest rate of number of leaves (9.61 leave/plant) and the highest rate in plant height (134.14 cm), compared with comparison transaction ( B0K0 ) it gave the lowest rate for the number of leaves and less height of the plants. While the treatment giving overlap (B2K2) the highest moral value Percentage of dry matter for total vegetative (24.00) and the highest rate of percentage of dry matter for total root (33.00) and the highest rate of leaves area (168.08 cm2/leave) and the highest total chlorophyll concentration (35.18 SPAD) Compared with the least in comparison transaction ( B0K0 ) that gave less rate in percentage of dry matter for total vegetative and root and the less total chlorophyll concentration. Influenced treatment (B1K1) in the concentrations of the activeA substances to give it the highest concentrations of Myrcene (3.47 mg/gm) and Citral (28.01 mg/gm) and Limonene (42.72 mg/gm) and Geraniol (38.42 mg/gm) compared to the rest of the other transactions, while the lower concentrations of these in the treatment comparison ( B0K0).

الإسرائيليات في کتب التفسير الأسباب والآثار

ملخص بحث الإسرائيليات کتب التفسير الأسباب والآثار لا شک أن القرآن الکريم قد اعتمدت علاقته بالتوراة والإنجيل على التصديق تارة والهمينة تارة أخرى، ومعنى تصديقه أنه يقر بقايا الوحي الصحيح فيهما، لکنه الوقت ذاته ينکر تحريفاتهما، فهو تصديق في أصول العقائد التي اتفقت عليها الکتب السماوية، ودعت إليها الرسل ، وذلک مثل دعوة الناس إلى التوحيد وإقامة الدين والتحذير من الشرک وخطره. أما تفصيلات الشرائع والأحکام العملية فإن القرآن الکريم يتباين طرحه مع الکتب السماوية السابقة عليه، نظرا لاختلاف الظرف الزماني والمکاني. وأرى أن سر هذه الهيمنة يکمن تأسيس القرآن الکريم للمنهج التشريعي والأخلاقي الراقي الذي يحوي مضامين قيمية وأخلاقية لا تقصي الکتب السماوية السابقة ولا تلغيها، وإنما تقوم ما اعتراها من خلل، وتجبر ما أصابها من نقص، وأيضا تقرر کامل الحقوق والواجبات لأصحابها إطار الحق الذي تقره والباطل الذي ترفضه. وأحب التأکيد على أن الهيمنة القرآنية لا تظهر کشف عوار الکتب السابقة بعد تحريفها من الناحية العقدية فحسب؛ بل من الناحية التشريعية والأخلاقية والاجتماعية وغيرها، وفي الوقت ذاته تعلن التصديق لما فيها من حق. summary Israeli books explain causes and effects There is no doubt that Quran had adopted his connection to Torah and Gospel to ratify at Dominate at other times, meaning that correct revelation remains believable, but at same time denying their changes،It is believe in the origins of creeds agreed by heavenly books, called Apostles, such as inviting people to standardization and establishment of religion and warning against shirk and dangerous. Either details of divine judgments, Qur'an vary in scarves with heavenly books earlier, given different temporal and spatial envelope. I believe that mystery of this hegemony lies in establishing Qur'an legislative approach and high moral value and ethical content containing no truth divinely past cancel, but are marred by imbalance and lack of force, also decides entire rights and obligations of owners within By right and wrong which reject it. And I like to assert that Quranic domination does not appear in earlier books Awar revealed after distorted nodal hand; legislative and ethical and social and other, at same time Announces certification of its right.

Parental role in disciplined personality development of youngsters

Discipline is very important in the life of human beings. In the absence of discipline an individual utilizes his energy in abnormal and antisocial activities. A well disciplined man can develop positive energy or improvement of his personalities. If the citizen of the society and the country are disciplined they establish the higher moral and social values for the development of the society, the country and humanity and the global seenerio. Disciplined behaviour is learned in the childhood from the parents and other family members. The home is considered as Child’s first school and mother is considered as first teacher. Mother teaches her children the lesson of love, honesty, integrity, affection respect for elders and obedience where as father guides sense of responsibility, leadership, security etc. These moral values learnd at home influences the behavior of the child in the school. It is been observed that where the parents are with higher moral values their children are well behaved and disciplined werer as children who didn’t learn moral values at home are the most indiciplined students in their school life. That is why it is the responsibility of the parents to keep an eye and guide their wards to follow higher moral and ethical values, so that children can become a good citizen of the nation.

On Why There is a Problem of Supererogation

How can it be that some acts of very high moral value are not morally required? This is the problem of supererogation. I do not argue in favor of a particular answer. Instead, I analyze two opposing moral intuitions the problem involves. First, that one should always do one’s best. Second, that sometimes we are morally allowed not to do our best. To think that one always has to do one’s best is less plausible, as it makes every morally best act obligatory. I argue that, despite its implausibility, this is the main ingredient in a traditional outlook I call ‘morality of law,’ which conceives of morality as impartial, impersonal, rule-based and obligation-based. My main point is that supererogation will always be seen as problematic if the background theory is a morality of law. This is because supererogation encapsulates a view of morality-outside-obligation, whereas morality of law centers upon obligation as its main instrument of curbing a supposedly natural human selfishness.