High Milk Consumption Research Articles

Iron Deficiency Aneamia is Moderate Public Health Problem among School Going Adolescent Girls in Berahle District, Afar, Northeast Ethiopia

Introduction: Anemia among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia is moderate public health problem. However, the prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls is not well documented yet. Objective: To determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among school going adolescent girls in Berahle district, Afar, northeast Ethiopia. Methodology: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. Multi-stage sampling technique was used: In first stage schools were selected randomly, in the second stage in the selected schools, 338 school going adolescent girls (age 14-19 years old) were selected systematically. Structured questionnaires was used to collect Socio-demographic, socio-economic, dietary pattern and frequency of study participants. After collecting the Blood sample, Hemocue haemoglobin spectrophotometer (Hemocue HB 301 analyzer) was used to analysis hemoglobin concentration. SPSS version16.1 statistical software was used to enter and analysis the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to test association among dependant and independent variables. For all statistical tests, significance level was set at p-value of 0.05 and confidence interval of 95%. Result: Around one-fourth (22.8%) of school going adolescent girls were anemic. Low Scio Economic States, AOR 2.8 (CI: 1.1, 3.7), not consuming egg AOR 2.4 (CI: 1.3, 4.3), milk consumption AOR 7.2(CI: 2.9, 17.6), not consumption of vegetables AOR 2.5 (CI: 1.3, 4.9) and meat AOR 2.4 (CI: 1.24, 4.67) were the significant causes for aneamia. Conclusion: Anemia among school going adolescent girls was moderate public health problem and Low Scio-economic States, low consumption of egg, meat and other vegetables and high consumption of milk were the significant causes for anemia.

The constellation of dietary factors in adolescent acne: a semantic connectivity map approach.

Different lifestyle and dietetic factors have been linked with the onset and severity of acne. To assess the complex interconnection between dietetic variables and acne. This was a reanalysis of data from a case-control study by using a semantic connectivity map approach. 563 subjects, aged 10-24 years, involved in a case-control study of acne between March 2009 and February 2010, were considered in this study. The analysis evaluated the link between a moderate to severe acne and anthropometric variables, family history and dietetic factors. Analyses were conducted by relying on an artificial adaptive system, the Auto Semantic Connectivity Map (AutoCM). The AutoCM map showed that moderate-severe acne was closely associated with family history of acne in first degree relatives, obesity (BMI ≥ 30), and high consumption of milk, in particular skim milk, cheese/yogurt, sweets/cakes, chocolate, and a low consumption of fish, and limited intake of fruits/vegetables. Our analyses confirm the link between several dietetic items and acne. When providing care, dermatologists should also be aware of the complex interconnection between dietetic factors and acne.

High consumption of milk may offer no osteoporotic benefit

High consumption of milk may offer no osteoporotic benefit

Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer disease: environmental risk factors

IntroductionThe purpose of this review is to update and summarise available evidence on environmental risk factors that have been associated with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer disease (AD) and to discuss their potential mechanisms. DevelopmentEvidence consistently suggests that a higher risk of PD is associated with pesticides and that a higher risk of AD is associated with pesticides, hypertension and high cholesterol levels in middle age, hyperhomocysteinaemia, smoking, traumatic brain injury and depression. There is weak evidence suggesting that higher risk of PD is associated with high milk consumption in men, high iron intake, chronic anaemia and traumatic brain injury. Weak evidence also suggests that a higher risk of AD is associated with high aluminium intake through drinking water, excessive exposure to electromagnetic fields from electrical grids, DM and hyperinsulinaemia, obesity in middle age, excessive alcohol consumption and chronic anaemia. Evidence consistently suggests that a lower risk of PD is associated with hyperuricaemia, tobacco and coffee use, while a lower risk of AD is associated with moderate alcohol consumption, physical exercise, perimenopausal hormone replacement therapy and good cognitive reserve. Weak evidence suggests that lower risk of PD is associated with increased vitamin E intake, alcohol, tea, NSAIDs, and vigorous physical exercise, and that lower risk of AD is associated with the Mediterranean diet, coffee and habitual NSAID consumption. ConclusionsSeveral environmental factors contribute significantly to risk of PD and AD. Some may already be active in the early stages of life, and some may interact with other genetic factors. Population-based strategies to modify such factors could potentially result in fewer cases of PD or AD.

Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies

Objective To examine whether high milk consumption is associated with mortality and fractures in women and men.Design Cohort studies.Setting Three counties in central Sweden.Participants Two large Swedish cohorts, one with...

Dietary status and dietary pattern by degree of cognitive function in Korean elderly (629.5)

This study was performed to investigate the relationships among cognitive function, dietary pattern and dietary intake status. The subjects (n=416) were recruited from the Yongin dementia prevention and control center. The low cognitive functioning group (LC) had lower consumption of dietary fiber, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2. The Lower cognitive group had lower consumption of nuts and seeds and higher consumption of soft drinks. Using factor scores of seven factors, subjects were classified into 3 clusters. Cluster 1(65.8%) was a ‘simple, rice‐only eating’ group. Cluster 2(27.2%) was a ‘meat favoring’ group. Cluster 3 (6.7%) was a ‘healthy, diverse eating’ group. Cluster 3 had significantly higher consumptions of potatoes, nuts and seeds, vegetables, mushrooms and fishes than cluster 1 & 2. Cluster 3 also had higher consumption of milk and fruits, but lower consumption of rice than cluster 1 & 2. The higher portion of the normal cognitive functioning group was contained in Cluster 3 than lower cognitive functioning group.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Korea Institute of Planning & Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry

The role of mTORC1 in acne pathogenesis and treatment

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease in industrialized countries with Western diet characterized by high glycemic load and milk consumption. Accumulating evidence underlines the role of Western diet as a major cause of enhanced nutrient-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling that may over-stimulate sebocyte growth and sebaceous lipogenesis resulting in sebaceous gland hyperplasia, hyperseborrhoea, Propionibacterium acnes overgrowth with biofilm formation and inflammatory follicular reactions. Substantial evidence from translational research suggests that all anti-acne agents operate by a common mechanism: the attenuation of exaggerated mTORC1 signal transduction in the pilosebaceous follicle. Future acne therapy should combine dietary and pharmacological interventions attenuating mTORC1 signaling by a paleolithic-type diet supported with natural or synthetic mTOR inhibitors.

영양교육이 중학생들의 가공식품 섭취 및 인성특성에 미치는 영향 비교

부산에 거주하는 중학생 30명을 대상으로 영양교육이 가공식품 섭취빈도 및 인성특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 영양교육 후 육가공품류, 냉동식품류, 면류, 빵류 및 과자류와 음료류의 가공식품 섭취 빈도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 인성특성에서는 영양교육 전보다 영양교육 후 안정성, 지배성, 사회성과 책임성은 높아졌고 충동성은 낮아졌다. 특히 안정성이 높은 그룹에서 우유 및 유제품류의 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났으며, 안정성이 낮은 그룹에서는 육가공품류, 면류, 빵류 및 과자류, 음료류의 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났다. 충동성이 높은 그룹에서는 육가공품류, 냉동식품류, 면류, 빵류 및 과자류의 섭취빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 충동성이 낮은 그룹에서는 통조림류의 섭취빈도가 높았다. 인성특성과 혈청 무기질의 상관관계에서는 Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg과 K의 경우 안정성, 지배성, 사회성, 책임성에서 양의 상관관계를 가졌으며, 충동성에서 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 Na은 안정성, 지배성, 사회성과 책임성에서 음의 상관관계를 가진 것으로 나타났고, 충동성에서 양의 상관관계를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 또한 혈청 무기질 농도와 인성특성 간의 관계를 살펴보기 위해 영양교육 전과 후 혈청 무기질 농도의 변화를 비교해 본 결과, Na의 농도는 감소하였고 Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg과 K의 농도는 증가하였다. Fe, Zn는 안정성, 지배성, 사회성, 책임성과 양의 상관관계를 가지며, 영양교육 후 농도는 증가하였다. 반면 Na은 충동성과 양의 상관관계를 가지며, 영양교육 후 농도는 감소하였다. 본 연구로 영양교육은 중학생들의 가공식품 섭취 빈도에 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 인성특성에도 긍정적인 변화를 줌을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로써 지속적인 영양교육을 실시하고 올바른 식습관이 유지될 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 개발한다면 청소년들의 건전한 식습관의 형성과 인성특성까지도 긍정적으로 변화시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Diet and Carbohydrate Food Knowledge of Multi-Ethnic Women: A Comparative Analysis of Pregnant Women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

BackgroundDiet therapy is the cornerstone for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Carbohydrate is the primary nutrient affecting postprandial blood glucose levels. Hence, knowledge of food containing carbohydrates can assist women with GDM optimize glycemic control. Despite that, there is a paucity of research on carbohydrate-related knowledge of women with GDM. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has one of the highest prevalence of diabetes (19.2%) in the world. This study compared diet and knowledge of carbohydrate-containing foods among pregnant women with and without GDM in the UAE.MethodsThe sample consisted of multi-ethnic women with GDM (n = 94) and a control group of healthy pregnant women (n = 90) attending prenatal clinics in three hospitals in Al Ain, UAE. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a 24-hour recall. Knowledge of food sources of carbohydrate, dietary patterns, and nutrient intakes of the two groups were compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the mean knowledge score of food sources of carbohydrate between women with GDM and that of pregnant women without GDM. Similarly, there were no significant differences in energy and nutrient intakes between the two groups with the exception of percent energy from protein. Women with GDM reported significantly lower intake of fruits and fruit juices (P = 0.012) and higher consumption of milk and yogurt (P = 0.004) compared to that of women without GDM. Twenty-two percent of women with GDM indicated they never visited a dietitian for counseling while 65% reported they visited a dietitian only once or twice during the pregnancy. Predictors of carbohydrate knowledge score were perceived knowledge of diet and GDM and parity among women with GDM and parity and educational level among those without GDM.ConclusionThe results of the study highlight the urgent need to provide nutrition education for women with GDM in the UAE.

Dairy food consumption is inversely associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

The present study explored the association between dairy food consumption and the risk of the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the most recent nationally representative data. The study sample comprised 4862 Korean adults (≥19years) who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dairy food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. We found that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in subjects with higher milk or yogurt consumption (P<0.0001). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for abdominal obesity and high fasting glucose were significantly lower among subjects in the highest (≥ once per day) than in the lowest (none or rarely) category of milk consumption after adjusting for potential risk factors [OR=0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.50-0.93, P for trend=0.0314; OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.65-1.03, P for trend=0.0233]. The adjusted ORs for lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 28% lower among subjects in the highest compared to subjects in the lowest category of yogurt consumption (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.52-1.00, P for trend=0.0197). Furthermore, higher consumption of milk or yogurt was found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of the metabolic syndrome (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.55-0.93, P for trend=0.0066; OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.48-1.05, P for trend=0.0067). High intakes of dairy foods may be associated with a lower risk of the metabolic syndrome.

The Addition of Non‐Fat Dairy Products to the Routine Diet Reduces Systolic Blood Pressure in Obese Individuals

High consumption of milk and milk products is associated with reduced risk of high blood pressure (BP). Currently, it is not clear if the addition of conventional dairy products as part of the normal routine diet is capable of reducing BP. Using the randomized, controlled, crossover study design, we determined the efficacy of conventional non‐fat dairy products for lowering arterial BP in middle‐aged and older obese adults with elevated BP. Twelve adults with elevated BMI and BP (age 55±13 years, BMI 31±6 kg/m2; BP 136±6/80±13 mmHg) underwent high dairy condition (HD) or isocaloric non‐dairy condition (ND) for 4 weeks with a 2‐week washout before crossing over. Four daily servings of non‐fat dairy products and fruit products were added to their regular diet in HD and ND while keeping the total caloric intake the same. Body weight did not change throughout the study period. Reductions in systolic BP were greater (P&lt;0.001) in the HD vs ND condition (−10±4 vs 4±7 mmHg) whereas diastolic BP did not change (0±6 vs 1±6 mmHg). We concluded that the addition of four servings of non‐fat dairy products to the normal diet is an effective strategy for reducing BP in obese individuals with elevated blood pressure. Supported by the Dairy Research Institute.Grant Funding Source: Dairy Research Institute

Dairy consumption is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

This study explored the association between dairy food consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. The study sample comprised 4,862 Korean adults (≥ 19 years) who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dairy food consumption was assessed using a food‐frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation/American Heart Association. We found that adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for abdominal obesity and high fasting glucose were significantly lower among subjects in the highest (≥ once/day) than in the lowest (none or rarely) category of milk consumption after adjusting for potential risk factors (OR=0.68, 95 % CI: 0.50–0.93, P for trend=0.0314; OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.65–1.03, P for trend=0.0233). The adjusted ORs for lower HDL cholesterol was 28 % lower among subjects in the highest as compared with subjects in the lowest category of yogurt consumption (OR=0.72, 95 % CI: 0.52–1.00, P for trend=0.0197). Furthermore, higher consumption of milk or yogurt was found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.71, 95 % CI: 0.55–0.93, P for trend=0.0066; OR=0.71, 95 % CI: 0.48–1.05, P for trend=0.0067). High intakes of dairy foods may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. Supported by Daegu University

Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine

Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine

Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine: Acne

1. Anju Sawni, MD* 2. Amritpal Singh, MD† 1. *Pediatric Education, Hurley Children’s Hospital/Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI. 2. †Department of Dravyaguna (Medicinal Plants), Sri Dhanwantry Ayurvedic College, Chandigarh, India. * Abbreviations: EFAs: : essential fatty acid LTB4: : leukotriene B4 Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder that affects ∼70% to 87% of adolescents and young adults. (1) The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and complex, and is thought to be due to androgen-stimulated sebum production. This production leads to follicular occlusion and hyperkeratinization, with comedo formation, as well as microbial colonization of pilosebaceous follicles by Propionibacterium acnes , leading to inflammatory papules and pustules. Conventional treatments for acne include salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, and antibiotics (topical and systemic). However, symptoms may not always improve, and patients may have adverse reactions to conventional treatments and thus seek alternative treatments. Antibiotic resistance in P acnes also has been rising, thus promoting the need to look at alternative therapies. (2) The influence of diet on acne has been debated for decades. One review of the literature looking at the evidence for diet, face washing, and sunlight exposure in acne management concluded that the evidence is incomplete at best. (3) Another review did not support any link between acne and foods such as dairy products, chocolate, and fatty foods. (4) However, with more recent focus on diet and nutritional supplements, emerging research suggests that diet may be a factor, particularly in mediating the inflammation and oxidative stress of the acne process. (5)(6)(7) Western diets, with characteristically high glycemic indices, can elevate insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels acutely and chronically. (5) These hormones stimulate adrenal and gonadal androgen production, leading to increased sebum production and acne. Frequent consumption of high-glycemic-index carbohydrates may repeatedly expose adolescents to acute hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, a low-glycemic-load diet may have a beneficial effect on acne. (6) A review …

Dietary Patterns, Anthropometry and Metabolic Cardiovascular Risk

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Early detection of high-risk individuals is essential in order to adopt more effective preventive and therapeutic measures. One of the most controversial issues today is how to manage eating habits in order to establish the best diet: current data suggest that promotion of healthy eating habits—consumption of fruit and vegetables, limitation of fat intake to unsaturated fats—could help to significantly reduce the number of cardiovascular risk factors and the risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome, and that maintaining these measures over time could help maintain, and even reduce, body weight. Some recent studies, likes DORICA study analyzes the association between the predominant dietary patterns and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. The hypothesis is that the most traditional consumption patterns (for example the Mediterranean diet) are associated with a healthier cardiovascular profile in the Spanish adult population. The results of DORICA revealed that energy intake was 2560 (797) kcal in men and 2230 (665) kcal in women, and that fats accounted for 39.3% of energy intake in women and 37% in men. In other words, 47% of men and 64% of women have fat intakes that are above the recommended levels. In addition, 87% have cholesterol levels above 100 mg/1000 kcal, especially men younger than 45 years (89%). This study analyze 3 types of dietary patterns: I) high-protein pattern, with a high consumption of meat, cereals, potatoes, and alcoholic drinks; II) unbalanced pattern, with a high consumption of milk and its derivatives, and a low consumption of fruit, cereals, vegetables, and potatoes; and III) Mediterranean pattern, with a high consumption of fish, vegetables, fruit, and olive oil. The results show that the Mediterranean pattern consumed more unsaturated fats than the other two, in terms of both the mean and for the quartiles. SF intake, on the other hand, was lower in this pattern, which also had the smallest values for the Keys and Hegsted indices. The highest values for these indices were observed in the high-protein pattern. The same was true for cholesterol intake. The Mediterranean pattern had the highest intake of fiber. The study concluded that, in terms of nutrition and eating habits, the Mediterranean pattern was characterized by a higher intake of fats, although these were mainly unsaturated, with a clear predominance of MUF. Fiber intake was good, with a high consumption of fruit, vegetables, and fish. This pattern also had the lowest number of smokers. On the contrary, the unbalanced pattern had the least favorable cardiovascular profile, with a predominance of SFs. In summary, this phase of the DORICA study suggests that a Mediterranean-type diet—with increased intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, and olive oil, in combination with moderate physical activity—is the most favorable profile in terms of the weighted estimates and of cardiovascular risk factors in our setting. Keywords: Diet, Anthropometry, Cardiometabolic Risk. Read more →

Ghrelin in the gastrointestinal tract and blood circulation of perinatal low and normal weight piglets

Ghrelin, the ‘hunger’ hormone, is an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue that exerts a wide range of physiological functions. Its perinatal presence suggests that ghrelin might be involved in growth and metabolism processes during intrauterine and postnatal life. Intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates have altered endocrine and metabolic pathways because of malnutrition during foetal development. These changes might include an altered gastrointestinal presence of ghrelin cells (GCs). As ghrelin is mainly secreted by the stomach, this altered presence might be reflected in its serum concentrations. Small-for-gestational age (SGA) pigs appear to be a natural occurring model for IUGR children. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to investigate the presence of gastrointestinal GCs expressing active ghrelin in normal weight (NW) foetal and postnatal piglets compared with their SGA littermates using immunohistochemical analysis in combination with stereological methods. Second, total ghrelin serum concentrations of these piglets were analysed with a porcine radioactive immunoassay. In addition, the growth of the gastric pars fundica in the NW and SGA piglets was analysed stereologically. Corresponding with humans and rats, it was shown that opened- and closed-type immunoreactive GCs are distributed along the entire gastrointestinal tract of the perinatal NW and SGA piglets. However, in contrast to the rat’s stomach, the porcine GCs do not disperse from the glandular base to the glandular neck during perinatal development. Furthermore, stereological analysis demonstrated that the NW neonates have a higher amount of gastric cells expressing active ghrelin compared with the SGA piglets that could result in higher milk consumption during the neonatal period. This finding is, however, not reflected in total serum ghrelin levels, which showed no difference between the NW and SGA piglets. Moreover, the stereological volume densities of the fundic layers demonstrate a similar growth pattern in the SGA and NW piglets.

Lactase non-persistence as a determinant of milk avoidance and calcium intake in children and adolescents.

This study examines if lactase non-persistent (LNP) children and adolescents differ from those who are lactase persistent (LP) as regards milk avoidance and Ca intake. We also studied potential differences in anthropometric features related to obesity, and examined if milk avoidance is associated with lactase-persistence status. Additionally, we aimed to determine if heterozygous subjects showed an intermediary phenotype as regards Ca intake. Furthermore, we tested if LP and LNP influence vitamin D intake. The European Youth Heart Study is an ongoing international, multi-centre cohort study primarily designed to address CVD risk factors. Children (n 298, mean age 9·6 years) and adolescents (n 386, mean age 15·6 years) belonging to the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study were genotyped for the LCT-13910 C>T polymorphism. Mendelian randomisation was used. Milk avoidance was significantly more common in LNP adolescents (OR 3·2; 95% CI 1·5, 7·3). LP subjects had higher milk consumption (P<0·001). Accordingly, energy consumption derived from milk and Ca intake was lower in LNP (P<0·05 and P<0·001, respectively). Heterozygous subjects did not show an intermediary phenotype concerning milk consumption. LP or LNP status did not affect vitamin D intake or anthropometric variables. LNP in children and adolescents is associated with reduced intake of milk and some milk-product-related nutritional components, in particular Ca. This reduced intake did not affect the studied anthropometric variables, indicators of body fat or estimated vitamin D intake. However, independently of genotype, age and sex, daily vitamin D intake was below the recommended intakes. Milk avoidance among adolescents but not children was associated with LNP.

Dietary Patterns and Osteoporosis Risk in Postmenopausal Korean Women

ObjectivesThe prevalence of osteoporosis and related fractures has increased rapidly in Korean women. Proper nutrition intake is associated with the prevention of osteoporosis. We analyzed the association between dietary patterns and the risk of osteoporosis during a 4-year follow-up in postmenopausal Korean women. MethodsPostmenopausal women (n = 1,725) who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were enrolled. Food intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and a quantitative ultrasound device was used to measure the speed of sound at the radius and tibia. ResultsThree major dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis based on baseline intake data: traditional (high intake of rice, kimchi, and vegetables), dairy (high intake of milk, dairy products, and green tea), and western (high intake of sugar, fat, and bread). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risk for osteoporosis. An inverse association was detected between the dairy dietary pattern and the osteoporosis incidence [relative risk (RR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42–0.93, p-trend = 0.055 in radius; RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.90, p-trend = 0.048 in tibia]. Individuals in the highest quintile for the traditional dietary pattern (p-trend = 0.009 in tibia) and western dietary pattern (p-trend = 0.043 in radius) demonstrated a higher risk of osteoporosis incidence than those in the lowest quintile. ConclusionThese results suggested that high consumption of milk, dairy products, and green tea may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women.

Diet and blood pressure in 18–74-year-old adults

Dietary recommendations to reduce blood pressure (BP) have been widely disseminated. We investigated associations between dietary intake and BP in a national sample of adults living in France. The survey included 1968 18-74-year-old participants in the French Nutrition and Health Survey (Etude Nationale Nutrition Santé), a cross-sectional national multistage sampling study. Dietary intake and SBP and DBP were assessed using three 24-h recalls and three measurements, respectively. Mean dietary intake was compared across BP categories: previously diagnosed hypertensive and among undiagnosed optimal (SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg), intermediate and high (SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg) BP participants. After exclusion of previously diagnosed hypertensive participants, linear regressions were also carried out between dietary intake and SBP and DBP. Eating habits of previously diagnosed hypertensive participants were not different from those of undiagnosed high BP participants, except higher milk consumption (P = 0.03) and lower seafood and alcohol intake (P < 0.03 and P = 0.002, respectively) in previously diagnosed hypertensive. After exclusion of them, dairy products (milk especially), fruit and vegetables, fiber and whole-grain food consumption were inversely and linearly associated with SBP (P < 0.04), whereas alcohol intake was positively associated with SBP (P < 10) and DBP (P = 0.005). Modification effect of sex was observed for saturated fatty acids intake (positive association with DPB in women) and calcium (negative association with SBP in men). Adherence to nutritional recommendations still needs to be improved in hypertensive adults even if they are aware of their condition. In the rest of the population, proper habits regarding milk, fruit and vegetables, fiber and alcohol should decrease the risk of hypertension onset.

High glycemic load diet, milk and ice cream consumption are related to acne vulgaris in Malaysian young adults: a case control study

BackgroundThe role of dietary factors in the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris is highly controversial. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary factors and acne vulgaris among Malaysian young adults.MethodsA case–control study was conducted among 44 acne vulgaris patients and 44 controls aged 18 to 30 years from October 2010 to January 2011. Comprehensive acne severity scale (CASS) was used to determine acne severity. A questionnaire comprising items enquiring into the respondent’s family history and dietary patterns was distributed. Subjects were asked to record their food intake on two weekdays and one day on a weekend in a three day food diary. Anthropometric measurements including body weight, height and body fat percentage were taken. Acne severity was assessed by a dermatologist.ResultsCases had a significantly higher dietary glycemic load (175 ± 35) compared to controls (122 ± 28) (p < 0.001). The frequency of milk (p < 0.01) and ice-cream (p < 0.01) consumptions was significantly higher in cases compared to controls. Females in the case group had a higher daily energy intake compared to their counterparts in the control group, 1812 ± 331 and 1590 ± 148 kcal respectively (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other nutrient intakes, Body Mass Index, and body fat percentage between case and control groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsGlycemic load diet and frequencies of milk and ice cream intake were positively associated with acne vulgaris.