Higher Levels Of Psychological Well-being Research Articles

Gender positivity in sicilian preadolescents: gender differences in life skills, well-being, and coping strategies

The aim of this study is focused on the analysis of gender differences in psychological well-being, self-efficacy in life skills, and coping strategies in a sample of 550 Sicilian preadolescents between 11 and 14 years old (264 boys and 286 girls). Measures: 1) Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (Andolfi et al., 2017) to examine the dimensions of psychological well-being; 2) Self-Efficacy in Life Skills Scales (Sagone & Indiana, 2017) to analyze problem solving ability, interpersonal and social communication ability, and managing of positive and negative emotions; 3) Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist (Camisasca et al., 2012) to study the coping. Results indicated significant differences for gender in the following dimensions: boys show higher levels of psychological well-being than girls, reporting high sense of belonging (t=2.620, p=.009) and optimism (t=2.761, p=.006) and being more satisfied with their life (t=2.340, p=.020); further, boys express negative emotions more than girls (t=4.081, p<.001) while girls report higher loneliness than boys (t=-3.108, p=.002). In relation to self-efficacy in life skills, boys perceive themselves highly efficient in managing of negative emotions (t=3.766, p<.001), while girls consider themselves highly efficient in interpersonal and social communication (t=-3.208, p=.001). Lastly, with reference to coping strategies, boys avoid critical situations trying to suppress them (t=3.716, p<.001), while girls think that things will improve in the end (t=-2.369, p=.018). Future research will deep the relationships among the analyzed topics in groups of adolescents of high schools and young adults.

Well-Being After Psychopathology: A Transformational Research Agenda

If one struggles with depression, anxiety, or suicidal impulses, what is the best outcome that one can hope for? Can psychopathology be a bridge to a better place where people operate with autonomy and self-mastery, enjoy healthy relationships, experience frequent positive emotions, and view life as meaningful and purposeful? Studies of national samples have revealed that a substantial number of people with depression, panic disorder, and suicidal impulses go on to achieve high levels of psychological well-being. We consider the practical and theoretical implications of these findings and call for a transformational mental-health agenda that focuses on good outcomes.

The impact of parental migration on psychological well-being of children in Ghana

ABSTRACT This study is the first to employ panel data to examine the time-varying effects of internal and international parental migration on the psychological well-being of children who stay behind in an African context. The analysis employs data collected in 2013, 2014 and 2015 from school going children aged 12–21 in two urban areas with high out-migration rates in Ghana – Kumasi and Sunyani. Using children’s self-reports, an analysis was conducted separately for boys (N = 781) and girls (N = 705). Results indicate that girls and boys with the mother away internally or internationally are equally or more likely to have higher levels of psychological well-being when compared to boys and girls of non-migrant parents. A higher level of well-being is observed amongst girls when parents migrate and divorce. However, parental migration and divorce are more likely to increase the psychological vulnerability of boys. In Ghana, the psychological well-being of children is nuanced by which parent has migrated, marital status of migrant parent and the gender of the child.

Dinamika Psychological Well-Being pada Dewasa Dini Tunanetra yang Sudah Bekerja di Medan

The goal of this study is to delve deeper into the definition of psychological well-being in blind persons, as well as to examine the dynamics of psychological well-being in people with visual impairments who are currently working. This study employs qualitative methodologies in order to provide a thorough description of the findings. In-depth interviews and observations were utilized to collect data, which were based on Ryff's (1989) theory of psychological well-being, which included the categories of self-acceptance, positive connections with others, independence, environmental mastery, life objectives, and personal progress. Three blind people who were already working were the focus of this investigation. The three participants were found to have a high level of psychological well-being in this investigation. The three participants who have accepted themselves and made peace with their position, as well as the fulfillment of other elements of psychological well-being, demonstrate this. This condition may have arisen as a result of the three individuals' impaired vision since childhood, if not from birth. One of the reasons the subject comes to terms with his condition is because of his good relationships with others.

Challenges in Working Conditions and Well-Being of Early Childhood Teachers by Teaching Modality during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

While a global understanding of teacher well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic is beginning to emerge, much remains to be understood about what early childhood teachers have felt and experienced with respect to their work and well-being. The present mixed-method study examined early care and education (ECE) teachers’ working conditions and physical, psychological, and professional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic using a national sample of 1434 ECE teachers in the U.S. We also explored differences in working conditions and well-being among in-person, online, and closed schools, given the unique challenges and risks that ECE teachers may have faced by teaching in these different modalities. From the results of an online survey, we found that in the early months of the pandemic, many ECE teachers faced stressful, challenging work environments. Some were teaching in new, foreign modes and formats, and those still teaching in person faced new challenges. We found many common issues and challenges related to psychological and physical well-being across the three teaching groups from the qualitative analysis, but a more complicated picture emerged from the quantitative analysis. After controlling for education and center type, we found that aspects of professional commitment were lower among those teachers teaching in person. Additionally, there were racial differences across several of our measures of well-being for teachers whose centers were closed. Upon closer examination of these findings via a moderation analysis with teacher modality, we found that Black and Hispanic teachers had higher levels of psychological well-being for some of our indicators when their centers were closed, yet these benefits were not present for Black and Hispanic teachers teaching in person.

중년기 위기감과 심리적 안녕감의 관계에서 개별성-관계성의 조절효과

Objectives This study wanted to understand the effect of middle-aged women s mid-life crisis on psychological well-being and to find out the control effect of individuality-relatedness.
 Methods To verify this, an online survey was conducted and 493 copies of the responses were analyzed using a structured self-report questionnaire for middle-aged women aged 40 to 65 living across the country.
 Results To summarize the results of this study. First, the higher the level of crisis in middle-aged women, the lower the psychological well-being. And the level of individuality-relatedness, the higher the psychological well-being. Second, it was found that individuality-relatedness has a moderating effect in the influence of middle-aged women s sense of crisis on psychological well-being. Third, as a result of verifying the difference in the moderating effect of each group according to the level of individuality-relatedness, the relational partial development group showed the highest psychological well-being when the sense of crisis was low. It was found that the individuality-relatedness development group maintained a high level of psychological well-being regardless of the high and low sense of crisis in middle age.
 Conclusions This suggests the importance of even development of individuality-relatedness among middle-aged women. In addition, it suggests the need to explore the contents of the sense of crisis in middle-aged women during counseling and education, and to provide a differentiated counseling approach according to the level of development of individuality-relatedness. It provided implications for the development of successful experiences and social resources and educational programs for the development of individuality in which middle-aged women seek independent and autonomous identity.

Response to TMS treatment for depression associated with higher levels of psychological well-being

Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is a complex condition associated with a great deal of disability and suffering. The relationship between TRD and psychological well-being (PWB) appears to be more complex than a simple antithesis. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a well-tolerated treatment for TRD. However successful, a drawback for TMS is that it has a lack of predictive biomarkers for treatment response. Our study focuses on the relationship between PWB and treatment resistant depression, and how PWB relates to TMS treatment response. We hypothesized that TMS treatment responders would have higher levels of PWB at baseline. In this study of 21 patients with TRD, we used the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). We found a significant relationship between environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and total PWB with baseline depression but no significant correlation between autonomy, personal growth, and positive relations with others and baseline PHQ-9 scores. No Ryff domain of PWB significantly predicted change in PHQ-9 score. Interestingly, however, we found that TMS responders had higher levels of autonomy (M(SD) = 62.10(10.46), p = 0.022) and personal growth (M(SD) = 65.00(11.04), p = 0.007) than non-responders at baseline. These specific aspects of well-being appear to be distinct from depression and particularly important in treatment response. This discovery suggests that assessing PWB might prove clinically useful when assessing future candidates for TMS treatment of TRD. Further research is necessary to evaluate the effects of TMS on PWB since these may be distinct from its effect on depression symptomology.

Psychological well-being and existential fulfillment in late adolescence

The data of the study of the relationship between the components of psychological well-being and existential fulfillment in late adolescence are presented. It was suggested and proved that the first fundamental existential motivation (according to the methodology of V.B. Shumsky, E.M. Ukolova, E.N. Osin, Ya.D. Lupandina "Diagnostics of existential fulfillment") concerning the possibility of being in the world is significantly related to self-acceptance and competence. The second fundamental existential motivation concerning the value of life is significantly related to self-acceptance and positive relationships. The third fundamental existential motivation concerning self-worth is significantly related to self-acceptance and personal growth. The fourth fundamental existential motivation concerning meaning is significantly related to life goals and autonomy. The study sample consisted of boys and girls aged 17 to 25 years in the number of 82 people, 41 of them boys and 41 girls. In the course of the study, the goal was achieved, namely, significant connections were revealed between the components of such constructs as psychological well-being and existential fulfillment. We have made the following conclusions: 1) Respondents with a high level of psychological well-being were guaranteed to have a high level of existential fulfillment. However, respondents with a high level of psychological well-being did not always have a high level of existential fulfillment. 2) The component of psychological well-being "self-acceptance" demonstrated the most significant relationship with the components of existential fulfillment (fundamental existential motivations) at the significance level of p≤0.01. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be applied in the framework of existential psychotherapy, as well as in the analysis of factors that affect the psychological well-being of a person.

Ageism and Psychological Well-Being Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Ageism may have harmful effects on the psychological well-being of older adults, leading to mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. However, there are insufficient data to establish this hypothesis, and most work on the subject has appeared only in the form of conceptual or theoretical papers. This study reviewed quantitative studies of the relationship between ageism and psychological well-being of older adults. We conducted a comprehensive review using searches of academic databases, the grey literature, hand searches, and reference mining. A total of thirteen articles were selected using the inclusion criteria. All the reviewed studies showed a negative association between ageism and the psychological well-being of older adults. The study confirmed a negative association between ageism and older adults’ psychological well-being, finding that older adults with a high level of psychological well-being may be less negatively affected by ageism, especially those who were proud of their age group, experienced less negative emotions, were more optimistic about aging and their future, were more self-confident about their bodies, and were flexible in setting goals. The identified mediators of the association can inform intervention development to the effects of ageism and improve older adults’ psychological well-being.

Mediating Effect of Resilience on Spirituality and Psychological Well-being

Teaching is regarded as the most respectable profession in any society. It is believed as the best job in the world. Any institute gives optimum results only when its human resources are utilized effectively. A teacher is the most important factor that not just works as a mentor and trainer for getting an education but inculcates morals and transforms conscience. The current education system is particularly aimed at increasing the student’s attainment, but teacher well-being is ignored or not considered essential to take care of. If a teacher has poor health and experience high levels of stress, he will not perform well at the workplace and do not make the best of their ability. The psychological well-being of a teacher can influence the ability of the teaching methods used by him in his teaching. Therefore, it is important to identify those factors that can enhance the well-being of teachers. This research is undertaken to find the effect of resilience in explaining the relationship of spiritual intelligence and psychological well being among teachers. To achieve this aim, a sample of 200 teachers (100 male teachers and 100 female teachers) within the age range of 25-40 years from different schools of Haryana was selected. The teachers’ well-being was assessed with the Scale developed by Ryff (1989), spiritual intelligence by David king (2008) Resilience Scale by Wagnild and Young (1987). Linear Regression analysis revealed that resilience predicts psychological well-being among teachers in a significant way. This shows that teachers who were resilient reported higher levels of psychological well-being.

Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Function with Psychological Well-Being in School-Aged Children.

Background: Promotion of psychological well-being (PWB) is an emerging social, educational, and health objective, especially for school-aged children. Few studies have examined key correlates and determinants of PWB in school-aged children. This study aimed to examine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function with psychological well-being in school-aged children. Methods: The study participants were 752 fourth-grade students (mean age = 9.61 years, SD = 0.608) recruited from six elementary schools. Students took the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run® test to assess their cardiorespiratory fitness, and the d2 Test of Attention to assess concentration performance, attention span, and attention accuracy. They also completed the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale to assess their psychological well-being (PWB). After removing missing values and outliers from the original data set, the final data set, consisting of 689 cases (370 boys vs. 319 girls), was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, multiple linear regression models, and independent sample t-tests. Results: The results indicated that cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function are significant correlates of PWB (r = −0.069, r = 0.161). Further, the results found that cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, attention span, and attention accuracy were significantly collective predictors of psychological well-being (F = 13.299, p = 0.000), accounting for 12% of the total variance. Cardiorespiratory fitness was the most significantly individual predictor of PWB (β = 0.174, p = 0.000), followed by the attention accuracy (β = −0.090, p = 0.031). The Welch’s tests revealed that the high-PWB group scored significantly higher than the low-PWB group in cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, and attention accuracy (t = 4.093, p = 0.000, Cohen’s d = 0.310; t = 3.340, p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.256; t = −2.958, p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.130). Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function are significant correlates and predictors of PWB among school-aged children. The students with a higher level of psychological well-being showed a higher cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, and attention accuracy compared to the lower level of PWB group.

Friends with Benefits: The Positive Consequences of Pet-Friendly Practices for Workers' Well-Being.

Although there is evidence that pets may help individuals who are facing significant daily stressors, little is known about the benefits of pet-friendly practices for their owners’ well-being. Based on the social exchange theory and on the Rusbult investment model, we argue that organizational pet-friendly practices will be viewed as a source of support from an organization that increases workers’ organizational identification, which in turn will lead to higher levels of psychological well-being and life satisfaction. For this study, 208 working adults answered an online questionnaire. Results from the study showed that the more pet-friendly practices the higher the workers’ organizational identification, which led to higher indices of psychological well-being and life satisfaction. This study contributes to a better understanding of the human–animal interaction and how pets can function as a resource for individuals’ well-being at work.

Вплив освітнього середовища на психологічне благополуччя студентської молоді

The article analyzes the features of the impact the educational environment on the psychological well-being of student youth. A psychological analysis of the content the educational environment and the essence of the phenomenon of "psychological well-being". The relationship between the psychological well-being of student youth and the psychological characteristics the educational environment is determined. It is stated that the psychological well-being of student youth largely depends on the level of development and quality of the educational environment. It is established that external objective indicators of well-being, such as criteria of success, indicators of health, material well-being, do not affect a person's experience of well-being. Psychological well-being is basically subjective, it is largely due to the special attitude of the individual to himself, the world around him and its individual parties. It is determined that a favorable psychological atmosphere in the educational environment is important for student youth. The more opportunities there are in the educational environment to seek help, the higher the protection against psychological violence, threats, ignoring and hostility from teachers and public humiliation from classmates, the higher the level of student self-acceptance. It is stated that the importance of correct and safe interaction of the subjects of the educational environment is a significant factor in maintaining a high level of psychological well-being of student youth.

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF UKRAINIANS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE FULL-SCALE RUSSIAN INVASION

The article examines people's psychological well-being during hostilities at the territory of Ukraine. To perform an empirical study, the whole sample was divided into four groups: active people, passive people, peoples who were displaced to the west of Ukraine, people who went abroad. The performed empirical research revealed that the respondents had mainly an average level of psychological well-being. Gender differences in psychological well-being were determined: men had mostly high or average psychological well-being, women had mostly low one. The age-depending peculiarities of psychological wellbeing were clarified. People aged 18-24 and 25-30 years had mainly an average level of psychological well-being, in contrast to other age categories. Average and high levels of psychological well-being were equally represented in people aged 31-40. As for people aged 41-50 years, they showed medium and low levels of psychological well-being. The youngest study participants, aged 14-17, showed mostly low psychological well-being. Differences in psychological wellbeing depending on places of stay were determined: the respondents who stayed at home mostly had an average level of psychological well-being. In contrast to them, the respondents who left their homes tend to have low psychological well-being. The performed correlation analysis revealed positive correlations of psychological well-being with hardiness, task-solving coping, distraction, helplessness and negative ones with emotion-focused coping, search for social support. Six factors of psychological well-being were determined for the sample in general: “fixation on actively solved problems”, “fixation on own helplessness”, “fixation on negative situations”, “fixation on protective mechanisms”, “avoiding negative situations”, “ability control a situation”. The differences in the factor structure of psychological well-being of those who left their living places and those who remained at home were revealed.

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-being

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) as an ability and psychological well-being. We hypothesized that EI as an ability positively correlates with psychological well-being. EI was measured using the Russian-language Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT), conceptually based on the MSCEIT method. Psychological well-being was measured using the Psychological Well-being Scale. The sample consisted of 243 working adults from Russia (61 men, 182 women, average age = 36.1, aged 18 to 67 years). The results showed that higher levels of emotional intelligence were statistically significantly correlated with higher levels of psychological well-being. The experiential domain of EI was the key factor of emotional intelligence associated with psychological well-being. These findings indicate the importance of the impact of EI on the psychological well-being of a person.

Parent-child relationship quality and child psychological adjustment in families created using egg donation: children's perspectives at age 5 years.

STUDY QUESTIONWhat are children’s perspectives of the quality of their relationships with their parents and their own psychological well-being in families created using egg donation?SUMMARY ANSWERChildren’s scores indicated good parent–child relationship quality and high levels of psychological well-being, with children in families created using egg donation rating their relationships with their mothers as higher in warmth/enjoyment than children in a comparison group of families created using IVF.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYLittle is known about how children in families created through egg donation view their family relationships and their own psychological well-being. Research with 7-and-10-year-olds in anonymous egg donation families has indicated good parent–child relationship quality from children’s perspectives, but studies have not involved younger children or those conceived following identity-release egg donation.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThis study included 50 children who had been born through egg donation and a comparison group of 43 children conceived through IVF with the parents’ own gametes. Data were collected between April 2018 and December 2019. The sample forms part of a larger longitudinal study examining family functioning in families created through fertility treatment.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSChildren were aged 5 years old and had been born into families with different-sex couple parents. All families were visited at home. Children were administered the Berkeley Puppet Interview, a standardized assessment of parent–child relationship quality and psychological well-being.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEChildren in egg donation families rated their relationships with their mothers as higher in warmth and enjoyment than did children in IVF families. No differences were found between the two family types in children’s ratings of the father–child relationship, or in children’s ratings of their own psychological well-being.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONIt is possible that children who did not consent to take part in the research had less positive perceptions of their family and themselves than children who participated.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSThe findings are relevant to UK clinics offering identity-release egg donation, to parents who have used egg donation to create their family and to individuals and couples considering their fertility treatment options. That children in egg donation families were more similar than different to children in IVF families in their self-concept and perception of their family relationships should prove reassuring.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)This research was supported by a Wellcome Trust Collaborative Award [208013/Z/17]. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERN/A.

Factors of Caregiving Resilience by Race-Ethnicity in a National Sample of Caregivers

Despite heavy burdens and responsibilities, some caregivers are more likely to cope better with their care responsibilities than others, and this could vary by cultural beliefs and norms on caregiving. This study examined contributing factors of resilience with three racial-ethnic groups (White, Blacks, Hispanic). A total of 2,652 caregivers were included from Round 7 of the National Study of Caregiving. Caregiving resilience was defined by higher levels of care demands and higher levels of psychological well-being. Five domains of contributing factors were included: socio-demographic characteristics, context of care, caregivers’ psychological attributes, informal and formal support. Multiple logistic regressions showed that caregivers with higher psychological attribute levels were more likely to be resilient in all three groups. However, unique predictors have also been observed by race-ethnic groups (e.g., Blacks using formal support were more resilient). These findings suggest the need for culturally specific programs to facilitate resilience among caregivers.

The research on the negative emotional states and subjective well-being in cadets of higher military education institutions

The specifics of both military service and educational requirements set high demands on stress tolerance and emotional well-being of cadets, which constitute a part of moral and combat training of military personnel for their professional activity. It is impossible to build an effective combat, academic, and psychological-pedagogical training of future officerswithout knowing their current psycho-emotional state and subjective well-being. The authors translated and adapted a set of methods for screening diagnostics of levels of anxiety, aggression, depression, and subjective well-being in Russian and Kazakh languages in the Kazakhstani sample. These methods are widely used worldwide but have not yet been adapted in Kazakhstan. An empirical study was carried out on a sample of 2 Kazakhstani higher military educational institutions in September and October 2021. A total of 597 cadets took part in the study. Correlational, cluster, and frequency analyses and other methods of nonparametric statistics were utilized, considering specifics of the data distribution and psychodiagnostic methods. The results demonstrate that, in general, most cadets display a low level of aggression (including hostility, physical aggression, anger), anxiety, depression, and a high level of psychological well-being. However, the frequency analysis shows that 18.4% of cadets report the presence of mild, moderate, and high anxiety; 13.07% report not quite comfortable or uncomfortable mental state (subjective ill-being); 36.5% experience a mild, moderate, and high levels of depression; 3 % of cadets display increased aggression level compared to average standard scores. Although the absolute values of anxiety, depression and aggression do not seem to be high, age, language, and the year of study influence their salience in future officers. The cluster analysis revealed the variables that contribute the most to the level of subjective well-being. The results will make it possible to develop more effective targeted psychological-pedagogical interventions aimed at enhancing the morale of cadets, creating an optimal psychological atmosphere for training cadets and preventing destructive and delinquent behavior among students of military institutions. Key words: negative emotional states, subjective well-being, cadets of higher military educational institutions, aggression, depression, anxiety.

Job Stress and Coping Strategies as Predictors for Psychological Wellbeing among Malaysian Anti-Drug Professionals

Existing studies have suggested that job stress and coping strategies are among the key factors of psychological wellbeing. Yet, the information on how these psychological factors contribute to psychological wellbeing in Malaysian anti-drug professionals is still scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the predicting roles of job stress and coping strategies on psychological wellbeing among Malaysian anti-drug officers. The participants were consisted of 1454 staffs from the National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA) aged from 21 to 59 who completed online self-report measures of job stress, control and avoidant coping strategies, and psychological wellbeing. Descriptive analysis indicated that majority of the respondents reported high levels of psychological wellbeing and avoidant coping strategy, but lower levels of job stress and control coping strategy. A multiple regression analysis showed that job stress was related to lower psychological wellbeing while control coping strategy was related to higher psychological wellbeing. Overall, the findings highlight the needs to consider job stress and coping strategies to understand psychological wellbeing among Malaysian antidrug professionals. Also, this study recommended future research to consider longitudinal research design to better understand the directions of the relations among the studied variables.

The Experience of Working With Individuals Who Sexually Offend.

Providing treatment to those who have committed sexual offenses can be difficult and challenging work. Older studies have suggested that service providers may experience changes in mood, symptoms of trauma, and countertransference reactions due to their work. Recent research has found that effective coping and self-care strategies may mitigate these negative outcomes. Given the relative dearth of recent empirical studies, we assessed the prevalence of self-reported mood, trauma symptoms, and countertransference reactions and their relation to coping styles and self-care practices in a sample of 32 male and 52 female therapists who provided treatment to individuals convicted of sexual offenses. As expected, we found minimal levels of clinically significant depressive (4%) and trauma symptoms (9%). Some countertransference reactions to clients were reported, including intense anger, retributive fantasies, sexual attraction, and arousal. A problem-solving coping style was associated with higher levels of psychological well-being, while avoidant coping was related to increased depressive and trauma symptoms. Approximately 10% of therapists with an abuse history reported re-experiencing their own victimization. The majority of therapists reported engaging in self-care practices. The findings are discussed as they pertain to those who provide services to individuals convicted of sexual offenses.