High Levels Of Linoleic Acid Research Articles

Associations of high levels of Oleic acid in the seed Oil of safflower (carthamus tinctorius) with Other plant and seed characteristics

Throuoh backcrossing, the allele ol has been substituted for the allele 01 in the safflower variety US-10, and the new variety has been released as UC-1. UC-1 is similar to, though not identical with, US-10, and has high levels of oleic acid in its oil rather than linoleic acid as in US-10 (7). When lines, most of them later composited to form UC-1, were increased under isolation in 1965, all plants of each line were examined before they were bulked, and many were analyzed for their oil content and iodine value. The seeds of one plant had thinner hulls than others as determined by the thumb-nail test (2); this plant had an oil content of 41.6% and an iodine value of 126, whereas the values for the bulked seed of other plants of the line were 35.2%o and 91, respectively. It was obvious that this single plant was a product of an outcross the year before and that the aberrant plant had the genotype Olol, instead of olol. It was also apparent that it was heterozygous for genes affecting hull thickness and thereby oil content. The line from which this plant came was not incorporated into UC-1. The oil of UC-1 has been found to be more stable than commercial safflower oil which has high levels of linoleic acid (5, 6). Its stability against oxidation at high temperatures has been comparable to hydrogenated vegetable oils and superior to non-hydrogenated vegetable oils. An advantage of the oil of IJC-1 is that it remains a liquidc under

The variations in linolenic acid and galactolipid levels in gramineae species with age of tissue and light environment

The increases in total lipid and galactolipid which occur in leaf tissue of increasing maturity appear to be dependent on increasing photosynthetic activity rather than age of tissue. Although the total amount of linolenic acid in leaf tissue increases with increased chlorophyll levels there is very little change in the relative proportions of the component fatty acids in the monogalactolipid, high levels of linolenic acid being maintained under all conditions.

Human Milk Lipids: II. The Influence of Dietary Carbohydrates and Fat on the Fatty Acids of Mature Milk. A Study in Four Ethnic Groups

Milk specimens were obtained from mothers in Tanganyika, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon, and examined for their fatty acid content. It was found that the high dietary intake of carbohydrate of the Tanganyikan mothers was related to high laurie and mynistic acid levels, and low linoleic and palmitic acid levels in the milk. When linoleic acid forms a considerable percentage of the dietary fat, in the absence of excessive amounts of carbohydrate, a milk with a high level of linoleic acid is produced. Other dietary fatty acids consumed normally have little effect on the fatty acid composition of milk. Our results indicate that palmitic acid in human milk is derived mainly from extramammary lipid.

THE EFFECT OF DIET ON THE PHOSPHOLIPID COMPOSITION OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS OF MAN.

AbstractShort term (16 day) controlled fat (formula type diet) feeding to 10 healthy adult males led to no detectable change in the total amt or the relative proportions of the individual phospholipids of the red blood cells, although limited changes did occur in the fatty acids of certain of the phospholipids.The total phospholipid content of the red blood cells was 315ŷ10 mg/100 ml (average of 20 samples). Lecithin accounted for 34% of the total, with sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine representing 25, 25 and 16%, respectively. Approx 36% of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 4% of the phosphatidyl serine and 6% of the lecithin was present in the plasmalogen form.Each phospholipid class was found to have a distinctive fatty acid spectrum. The M ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in all three phosphoglycerides was nearly 1:1. Behenic, lignoceric and nervonic acids made up almost half of the sphingomyelin fatty acids, and the M ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in this lipid was 3:1.When compared with red cells from subjects consuming a diet with a high butter fat content, red cells from subjects on a diet rich in corn oil were found to contain higher levels of linoleic acid in the lecithin and phosphatidyl serine fractions, and lower levels of oleic acid in the lecithin fraction. No changes were observed in the fatty acids of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine and sphingomyelin fractions. It is probable that these alterations represent the result of highly specific exchanges with plasma fatty acids, and it is suggested that three levels of specificity are involved: class of phospholipid, type of fatty acid, and specific fatty acid.

Interrelationships of Dietary Lipids Upon Fatty Acid Composition of Brain Mitochondria, Erythrocytes and Heart Tissue in Chicks

L IPIL) composition of braimi may be readily affected by diet.’ � Efforts to evaluate the possible relationship between an alteration in the composition of brain lipids and a disease process have stimulated studies of chick encephalomalacia. This in turn led to observations of a similar pathologic disease in the brain of a child who had been fed intravenously an emulsion which furnished a high level of linoleic acid.35

Destruction of Vitamin E in Cottonseed Oil

Abstract THE addition of linoleic acid to poultry diets increases the requirement for vitamin E or other biologically active antioxidants for prevention of encephalomalacia (Machlin and Gordon, 1960) and maintenance of egg production and hatchability (Marr et al., 1961). In order to conduct more extensive studies on the effect of linoleic acid on this antioxidant requirement, large quantities of a source of linoleic acid low in vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) are required. Vegetable oils often contain high levels of linoleic acid but also contain vitamin E which must be removed or destroyed. This has usually been accomplished by treating oils with ferric chloride, or by oxidation. However these procedures are either expensive or may result in undesirable side reactions if not very carefully controlled. Lauryl peroxide has been used as a bleaching agent for vegetable oils because of its property of forming destructive free radicals upon heating (Anonymous, 1960). The bleaching…

Linoleic acid and cholesterol metabolism in the rat. I. The effect of dietary fat and linoleic acid levels on the content and composition of cholesterol esters in liver and plasma

1. 1. Rats show an increase in plasma cholesterol as the linoleic acid content of the diet is increased. 2. 2. The liver cholesterol esters are increased in fat deficiency, low in normal ranges of dietary fat, and increased again at high levels of linoleic acid. This second increase is specifically related to the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content, not fat level. 3. 3. The PUFA content of liver cholesterol esters bears a simple relationship to the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids; the level of ester found in the liver is not related to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the ester. 4. 4. Plasma cholesterol esters differ markedly in composition from liver esters and do not follow the same relationship to the dietary fat as the latter. 5. 5. Possibilities for the derivation of plasma cholesterol esters from liver cholesterol are discussed.